Acid-Base Equilibria

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The stronger the acid the ____ the Ka value

Higher

A salt consisting of a small, highly charged metal cation and the anion of a strong acid yields a(n) _____ solution.

Acidic

Strong acids have ____ pKa, ____ H30+, ____ Ka, and _____ pH compared to weak acids

Low, high, high, low

What types of substances are classified as acids only under the Lewis definition

Molecules that contain a polar multiple bond (SO2/CO2) and molecules with electron deficient central atoms (molecules containing B, Al, or Be)

For oxoacids with DIFFERNT number of O atoms, acid strength increases the number of ___ ____

O atoms

Describe a weak acid

Some molecules dissociate but most stay undissociated in water

For nonmetal hydrides, acid strength depends on....

The electronegativity of the nonmetal ion and the strength of the bond between the nonmetal and acidic H+

True or false: A metal cation may behave as a Lewis acid in water to form a hydrated cation adduct.

True

Describe the autoionization of water

Water dissociates slightly into ions in an eq process

A salt consisting of the anion of a weak _____ and the cation of a strong _____ yields a basic solution.

acid; base

The higher the hydronium concentration, the more....

acidic the solution

The product of a Lewis acid-base reaction is called a(n) _____, which is a single species containing a new _____.

adduct; covalent bond

Anions of weak acids often function as weak _____.

bases

For oxoacids with the SAME number of O atoms, acid strength increases as ___________ of E increases

electronegativity

The more acidic the solution the ____ the pH

lower

A salt consisting of the anion of a _____ acid and the cation of a _____ base yields an acidic solution.

strong; weak

Strong bases include

water-soluble compound containing O2- or OH- ions, cations of the most active metals,

The net direction of an acid-base reaction depends on the relative strength of the acids and bases involved. A reaction will favor the formation of the ______ acid and base.

weaker

Weak bases include

Ammonia and amines

Describe a strong acid

Dissociates completely into ions in water

Describe a Lewis Acid

Electron pair acceptor

Describe a Lewis Base

Electron pair donor

Describe an Arrhenius acid

Forms H3O+ ions in aqueous solution

Describe an Arrhenius base

Forms OH- ions in aqueous solution

Describe a Bronsted-Lowry base

H+ acceptor

Describe a Bronsted-Lowry acid

H+ donor

Weak acids include...

HF, acids where H is not bonded to O or a halogen (HCN), oxoacids where the number of O atoms equals or oxceeds the number of ionizable protons by one (HClO), and carboxylic acids (CH3COOH)

Weak acids have ____ pKa, ____ H30+, ____ Ka, and _____ pH compared to strong acids

High, low, low, high

Strong acids include...

Hydrohalic acids (HCL, HBr) and oxoacids where the number of O atoms exceeds the number of ionizable protons by two or more (HNO3)

A salt consisting of the _____ of a strong acid and the _____ of a strong base yields a neutral solution.

anion; cation

The stronger the acid is, the _____ its conjugate base.

weaker


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