Acid Base
A nurse is reviewing the lab results for a client who has metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following lab values should the nurse expect?
pH: 7.49 HCO3-: 32 PaCO2: 40
A client has these arterial blood gas values: pH, 7.30; PaO2, 89 mm Hg; PaCO2, 50 mm Hg; and HCO3-, 26 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse should suspect which condition?
respiratory acidosis
A nurse is caring for an adult client who has COPD with pneumonia. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
respiratory acidosis
A nurse is caring for a client who is extremely anxious and is hyperventilating. The client's ABG results are pH 7.50, PaCO2 27, and HCO3- 25. The should should identify that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
respiratory alkalosis
The nurse is caring for the following group of clients. Select the client most likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis.
A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating
In which client would the nurse be most likely to assess the signs and symptoms of an acid-base imbalance?
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) whose most recent arterial blood gases reveal a PCO2 of 51 mm Hg
A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this acid-base imbalance?
Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting
Which intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?
Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag.
The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for?
Metabolic acidosis
The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal failure: • pH: 7.24 • PCO2: 38 mm Hg (5.05 kPa) • HCO3:18 mEq/L (18 mmol/L) The nurse would interpret this as:
Metabolic acidosis
A client tells the nurse that the client has been taking Alka-Seltzer (bicarbonate—antacid) four times a day for the past 2 weeks for an upset stomach. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and mental confusion. Arterial blood gases reveal pH 7.55; serum HCO3− 37 mEq/L (37 mmol/L). The nurse suspects the client may be experiencing:
Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting results in which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Metabolic alkalosis
The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The client reports that he is having difficulty breathing and is feeling fatigued. The nurse realizes that this client is at high risk for which condition?
Respiratory acidosis
A health care provider is caring for an older adult client with a recent diagnosis of renal failure and an acid-base imbalance. The family asks, "What is the underlying cause of the renal failure?" Which phenomenon would most accurately answer the question?
The kidneys have the primary responsibility for eliminating excess hydrogen ions from the body.
A nurse is providing client teaching about the body's plasma pH and the client asks the nurse what is the major chemical regulator of plasma pH. What is the best response by the nurse?
bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system
After teaching a group of students about endocrine disorders, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify insulin deficiency, increased levels of counterregulatory hormones, and dehydration as the primary cause of which condition?
diabetic ketoacidosis
A nurse is caring for a client who has emphysema and chronic respiratory acidosis. The nurse should monitor the client for which electrolyte imbalance?
hyperkalemia
A nurse in the ED is assessing a client who has deep, rapid respirations. ABG analysis includes the following values: oH 7.25, PaCO2 40, and HCO3- 18. Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse identify and report to the provider?
metabolic acidosis