OH&S 7 Psychosocial Hazards
Burnout
Faculty members talk negatively about today's students possibly suffering
Work-to-family conflict
Family responsibilities interfere with EE ability to keep pace with work demands family-to-work conflict
Main reason stress is related to increased workplace accidents in any job
Impaired concentration
procedural justice examples
Implementation of leadership training Performance M systems Continuous EE feedback Participative decision = max EE-perceived interactional, distributive, & procedural fairness
Org Interventions:
Redesign demanding job Respect EE' opinions in M decision-making processes Provide flex working conditions
preventative stress M strategies
Reduce exposure & experience of stress, if stressors are unavoidable provide tx options experience negative consequences of stress
Tertiary - Individual Interventions
Seek medical treatment Participate in psychological counselling
follows form of stressor-stress-strain
Stressor: Boss always yelling, chronic Stress: leads to feelings of tension Strain: manifests feelings of anger / anxiety, stomach ache, & nail biting
stress example:
When individual feels they do not have ability to cope with stressor
NIOSH model categories:
Work Schedules Interpersonal relationship job content & control
Pro sport team hire on contract basis= no guarantee of permanent job. Contract negotiation stressor
acute
Work-to-family conflict
affect family, reduced performance in family role & absences from events
Family - to - work conflict
affect work, decreased work performance & absenteeism from work
Both work-to-family & family- to- work conflicts:
associated with negative consequences Outcomes in opposite domain from cause of conflict
work-family conflicts
childcare demands
career concerns stress:
defined role, unlikely to have multi demands from diff sources, role stressors are less likely to be issue, unless EE has work-family problems
Stress moderated by:
diff of personality & social supports
mood disturbances result
experience of depression & anxiety
Inter-role conflict
face incompatible demands from 2+ roles
Cyber-bullying
form of interactional injustice
Perceive & respond diff to stressors
general adaptive syndrome & transactional model of stress
Inexperience & depression
has some of same symptoms
preventative stress M:
health of organ & health of EE is interdependent
Secondary & tertiary interventions:
help EE deal with stress / strain feeling as result of loss no way to eliminate catastrophic stressor
Re: NIOSH model of workplace stressors, job with most potential for stress
highly paid assembly line EE
Job content & control stress
highly repetitive, not making use of skills lack of control how when tasks completed
Behavioural strain
manifest in avoidance of certain situations, increase smoking, & consumption of alcohol & drugs
Secondary Interventions
min negative outcomes once feeling stress
Ergun salesperson works from home for drug Co. M determines if working from home is psychosocial hazard by
monitoring his sales activity & results
Organizational secondary stress intervention
offering on-site fitness centre
Primary interventions:
only truly preventative mechanism
4 components OH psychology focus on to reduce work-related psychosocial disorder
organizational change info psychological health services surveillance
4 components occupational health psychology focus on to reduce work-related psychosocial disorders:
organizational change info psychological health services surveillance
Team provides laptops Skype to communicate with family & friends while on road intervention type
organizational secondary intervention
Secondary & tertiary interventions
prevent stress & strain from getting worse
HR can manage mental health illness in workplace
preventive stress M framework
Distinction between acute & catastrophic stress
relates to intensity of stressor
Individual tertiary stress intervention:
seeing psychotherapist
secondary techniques
stress M & relax training to id negative health effects of stress
primary intervention involves
teach effective coping strategies to M stressto lessen negative effects of stress on health
personality characteristics particularly relevant to stress:
type A behaviour pattern & negative affectivity:
Risk factor
type of moderator aggravates EE response to stressor
Role ambiguity
uncertainty of what is expected in work
Team provides laptops Skype to communicate with family & friends while on road Type of stress intervention
work-to-family conflict
Gianni seems engaging in presenteeism, explanation for behaviour:
worried re: his job
1-3 categories NIOSH model in dishwashers
- Workload & work pace - Role stressors conflict, ambiguity, - Career concerns,security, obsolescence
Tertiary Org Interventions
- benefits packages with sick days & leave options - counsel services after major stressors - Support EE in med or psychological care
Secondary - Organizational Interventions
- comprehensive benefits programs - on-site fitness centres - balanced nutrition on cafeteria menu
Signs of organizational strain:
- increased absenteeism - disturbances of interpersonal relationships at work - decreased performance - evidence of job search - increased workplace accidents
Secondary -Individual Interventions
- talks with friends & co-EE - make time to exercise - use relaxation techniques
Chronic & catastrophic
2 categories stressor can have over long duration
athletes experience depression & other mental health issues during & after career
4/20
Stressors categories
Acute, Daily, Chronic, Catastrophic
Individual Interventions
Avoid overload of work Adequate leisure time Reduce Type A behaviour
Socio-technical model
Celine screaming loudly at office's network admin
Serious physical conditions most prominent outcome of stress
Coronary heart disease
experienced by EE ~ feels salary is too low given amount of responsibility & long hrs works:
Distributive injustice
Emerging EE stressor injustice in workplace
EE who experience unfairness in workplace also experience higher levels of workplace stress & strain
increased EE perceived unfairness i.e.
Reduce commitment, Retention, Increase absenteeism
Work-family conflict is bi-directional:
Work interferes with ability to meet family demand
Id & Describe 4-6 categories NIOSH found in dishwashers
Work schedules Interpersonal relations Job content & control
NIOSH model categories of workplace stressors:
Workload & work pace Role Stressor Career Concern
Ruby always late meetings I just tried to get 1 more thing done Javier is always on time, drums fingers while waiting
both Type A personalities
Interactional justice
fairness of interpersonal treatment
distributive justice
fairness of outcomes
procedural justice
fairness of processes
Social factors
family circumstances, exposure to violence, & workplace policies
Tangible form of social support
flexible hrs to help EE take parents to Dr. appointments
NIOSH model
id's major categories of workplace stressors
EE psychological involvement
id's with particular role & sees role as central to self-concept, also predictor of work-family conflict
Role conflict
incompatibility from 2+ sources
Organizational strain
increased absenteeism, decreased performance & increased risk of workplace accidents
Stressors vary along dimensions of
intensity frequency of occurrence duration predictability
stress dimensions
intensity frequency of occurrence duration predictability
Work-family conflict:
inter-role conflict, role in work & family = incompatible Participation in 1 role is made more difficult by virtue of participation in other
If coach not bench under-performer, type of injustice team experiences:
interactional injustice
Stress
internal response to, or evaluation of demand that arouses negative feelings
Physical strain
lead to coronary heart disease, strokes, hypertension,, ulcers, asthma, & some cancers
Psychological factors
levels of self-esteem & anxiety, ability to cope with pressure
Social moderator buffers athletes from negative effects of stress due to recent losses
locker room jokes & pranks
Most likely outcome of family - to - work conflict
long lunch breaks
Executives
more likely to get colds vs. garbage collectors
work & family roles
more time dedicated to 1 role = less time available to spend in other role
Stress
negative emotional response to, or evaluation of, stressors
Work schedule stress
night shifts disrupt physio-circadian rhythms & social activities
Stressor:
objectively verifiable event occurs outside individual & has potential to cause stress event appraised by as taxing, exceeding coping resources, & negatively affecting health
Senior manager resistance
primary reason stress interventions not widely implemented in Canada
Primary stress intervention
provide flexible working conditions
Strain: result of continued stress, & classified in categories of reactions:
psychological physical behavioural organizational
4 categories of strain reactions
psychological physical behavioural organizational
4 categories of strain reactions:
psychological physical behavioural organizational
Secondary Tertiary Interventions
psychological therapy med attention strategies - after fact, help EE not able to M workplace stress now experiencing symptoms of strain
Canadian Standards Association
publish new voluntary standard for psychological health & safety in workplace
Psychological strain
reactions include disturbance in affect mood or cognition concentration - disturbances in mood can result in experience of depression & anxiety
Primary Interventions
reduce / remove actual stressors effective reduce work-related stress & strain remove sources of stress from workplace will reduce EE stress & strain
Interpersonal relations stress
well-established sources of social support reduces effects of other workplace stressors
Most relevant stressors for restaurant chef:
workload & work pace work scheduling interpersonal relations job content & control