Acids and Bases
If the anion ends in -ate, it is replace with
-ic and the word acid.
If the anion ends in -ite, it is replace with
-ous and the word acid.
The pH scale ranges in values from
0-14
Ionization constant
1x10⁻¹⁴
A pH greater than _ represents a base
7
a pH lower than _ represents an acid
7
HClO₂
Chlorus acid
True or False: Bases react with metal
False
HBr
Hydrobromic acid
HCl
Hydrochloric acid
HF
Hydroflouric acid
H₂S
Hydrosulfuric acid
Acids break down in water to form ____ _____
H⁺ ions
Acids and bases __________ each other. Each loses its __________ when combined
Neutralize, properties
HNO₃
Nitric Acid
HNO₂
Nitrous acid
Bases break down in water to form ___ ____
OH⁻ ions
Water produces equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions in a process known as
Self-ionization
H₂SO₄
Sulfuric acid
H₂SO₃
Sulfurous Acid
True or False: Acids are an electrolyte
True
True or False: Bases are an electrolyte?
True
self-ionization
Two water molecules react to form a hydronium ion (H3O⁺) and a hydroxide ion (OH⁻)
An ____-____ _________ is a substance used to distinguish solutions of acids and bases
acid-base indicator
Some substances, such as water, depending on the reaction, can act as either a Bronsted acid or a Bronsted base These substances are called___________
amphoteric
(Arrhenius) Acid
any compound that dissociates in water to produce H⁺ (hydrogen) or H₃O⁺ (hydronium) ions.
(Arrhenius) Base
any compound that dissociates in water to produce OH⁻ (hydroxide) ions.
(Bronsted-Lowry) Base
any substance that can accept H⁺ ions
(Bronsted-Lowry) Acid
any substance that can donate H⁺ ions
Phenolphthalein turns dark pink in a ____
base
Bases have a ______ taste
bitter
Bromthymol blue in a base is ____
blue
Litmus Paper: red paper turns ____ in ____
blue, bases
Phenolphthalein is a _____ liquid
clear
The reaction of a Bronsted acid with a Bronsted base produces a_________ acid and a ________ base
conjugate, conjugate
conjugate acid
formed when the acid donates a proton
conjugate base
formed when the base accepts a proton
Bases have a pH that is
greater than 7
Binary acids are named by using the prefix
hydro-
HI
hydrogen iodide
pH of acids?
less than 7
Phenol Red in a base is _____ ____
light pink
The ___________ nature of the pH scale means that a change of one pH represents a ten-fold change in ion concentration
logarithmic
Ternary acids
made up of H⁺ and 2 other elements (3 elements total)
Binary acids
made up of only 2 elements
Acids react with active ______
metals
Methyl Orange in a base is ______
orange
Carboxylic acids
organic acids that contain the carboxyl group (-COOH)
pH formula
pH=-log[H⁺]
___is used to express the alkalinity (basicity) of a solution
pOH
pOH formula
pOH= -log[OH⁻]
Bronsted-Lowry defines bases as ______ _________
proton acceptors
Bronsted-Lowry defines acids as ______ ______
proton donors
Methyl Orange in acid is ____
red
Litmus Paper: blue paper turns ___ in ____
red, acids
Bases feel ________
slippery
Acids have a ____ taste
sour
Polyprotic acids (definition)
supply more than one H⁺ per molecule (H₃PO₄)
Monoprotic acids (definition)
supply only one H⁺ per molecule (HCl)
Diprotic acids (definition)
supply two H⁺ per molecule (H₂SO₄)
Ternary acids are named by using the root word of
the anion.
An acid base indicator...
turns one color in an acidic solution and another color in a basic solution
Acids feel like _____
water
Bromthymol blue in acid is ______
yellow
Phenol red in an acid is ______
yellow
