ACT Math, Science, English and Reading Vocab
Number line graphs
"greater than or equal to" and " less than or equal to" will use a closed circle instead of an open circle
Consistent
(adj.) agreeing with, similar to (especially data)
Semipermeable
(adj.) allowing only small molecules to pass through
Moral
(adj.) based on standards of good and bad; (n.) a rule of proper behavior.
Deliberate
(adj.) carefully planned out; (v.) to consider carefully.
Visionary
(adj.) characterized by dreams or illusions; (n.) a person with vision or foresight.
Manifest
(adj.) clearly recognizable; (v.) to make clear; (n.) a list of transported goods or passengers used for record keeping.
Uniform
(adj.) continuing to be the same or consistent; (n.) identical clothing worn by members of a certain group.
Equally distributed
(adj.) each individual, group, or section receiving approximately equal amounts
Lavish
(adj.) elaborate and luxurious; (v.) to freely and boundlessly bestow.
Horizontal
(adj.) flat or level
Sex-linked
(adj.) found on the X or Y chromosome
Porous
(adj.) full of holes; permeable
Metallic
(adj.) having certain characteristics, such as shiny luster, electrical conductivity, high melting point, high density, and high boiling point.
Sovereign
(adj.) having supreme power; (n.) ruler or king.
Chronological
(adj.) in order of time
Clockwise/counterclockwise
(adj.) in the direction of the hands on a clock (clockwise) or in the opposite direction (counterclockwise, anticlockwise)
Organic
(adj.) living or previously living
Recessive
(adj.) masked by another trait
Approximately
(adj.) nearly; not exactly
Acute
(adj.) refers to an angle that is less than 90 degrees; (adj.) refers to a triangle with angles that are all less than 90 degrees; sharp; quick and precise; intense.
Dorsal
(adj.) relating to the back
Ventral
(adj.) relating to the belly
Hindu
(adj.) relating to the religion of Hinduism, which originated in India; (n.) a person who practices Hinduism.
Marine
(adj.) relating to the sea; (n.) a member of the U.S. Marine Corps.
Elaborate
(adj.) rich with detail and well developed; (v.) to expand on the idea of something.
Dominant
(adj.) showing up or masking another trait
Essential
(adj.) the quality of being indispensable or necessary.
Independent variable
(adj.) the variable intentionally changed in an experiment, in order to be tested
Vertical
(adj.) upright or perpendicular to the horizontal
Random
(adj.) without pattern
Foil
(n.) a character whose traits exemplify the opposite traits of another character when they are compared; (v.) to prevent an action, often by ruining a plan; (n.) a weapon used in the sport of fencing.
Sensor
(n.) a device that is sensitive to an input
Particle
(n.) a single piece
Element
(n.) a single substance that cannot be broken down by chemical processes
Summary
(n.) a statement that has condensed a larger body of work; (adj.) conducted without trial.
Liquid
(n.) a substance that is neither a solid nor a gas; (adj.) flowing freely.
Fertilizer
(n.) a substance used to enrich soil
Bunsen burner
(n.) a type of gas burner that produces a flame, commonly used in laboratories
Homeostasis
(n.) ability of an organism to maintain internal stability
Solubility
(n.) ability to dissolve in another substance
Treatment
(n.) action in an experiment
ATP
(n.) adenosine triphosphate; the basic unit of energy used by cells
Population
(n.) all individuals of one species in an area
Universe
(n.) all objects in space, including all planets and stars
Electromagnetic spectrum
(n.) all the different types of radiation
Mass
(n.) amount of matter in an object
Volume
(n.) amount of space taken up by a substance
Bog
(n.) area of wet, spongy ground
Electric field
(n.) area with a presence of an electrical charge
Factor
(n.) aspect contributing to the results of the experiment
Generalization
(n.) assumption made based on previous information
AU
(n.) astronomical unit, used to measure distance in space; equal to the average distance between the Sun and the Earth
Scale
(n.) balance or other weighing instrument
Protostar
(n.) ball of gas that is early precursor to a star
Lake
(n.) body of water surrounded by land
River
(n.) body of water that moves downhill
Ecology
(n.) branch of biology dealing with the relationship between organisms and their environment
Corrosion
(n.) breakdown of a solid, usually metal, through a chemical reaction
Weathering
(n.) breakdown of rock
Speed
(n.) change in position over time; speed = distance/time
Evolution
(n.) change in the gene pool from generation to generation
Motion
(n.) changing of position
Trait
(n.) characteristic
Spring
(n.) coil that returns to its original shape after being stretched or compressed
Pigmentation
(n.) coloration
Mixture
(n.) combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Circuit
(n.) complete path of electric current
Hydrate
(n.) compound chemically combined with water
Percent by volume
(n.) concentration of a solution in terms of the partial and total volumes; equals (volume of part)/(volume of whole) x 100
Collision
(n.) crash
Reflectance
(n.) degree to which sunlight is reflected by Earth's surface
Telescope
(n.) device used to view objects that are very far away
Demonstration
(n.) display or example
Rainforest
(n.) ecosystem characterized by high levels of precipitation, warm temperatures, and tall trees
Hypothesis
(n.) educated guess that will be tested by an experiment
Mass movement
(n.) erosion of large quantities of soil, often caused by gravity or water
Precision
(n.) exactness, whether measurements agree with each other
Study
(n.) experiment
Investigation
(n.) experiment or search
Poles
(n.) far ends, often along a rotational axis\
Seed
(n.) fertilized egg of a plant
Interstitial
(n.) fluid outside of cells; (adj.) occupying the small spaces between objects; (adj.) occurring during the short time periods between events.
Work
(n.) force applied over a distance; work = force x distance
Momentum
(n.) force of a moving object
Gravity
(n.) force that pulls all objects in the universe towards one another
Genome
(n.) full set of genes of an organism
Atmosphere
(n.) gas surrounding a planet
Genotype
(n.) genetic makeup for a single trait
Figure
(n.) graph, table, or chart that likely contains the answer to the question
Volcano
(n.) hole in Earth's crust that allows molten rock and gases to escape
Solution
(n.) homogeneous mixture of two substances
Comet
(n.) icy celestial body with a very elliptical orbit
Data
(n.) information collected in an experiment; plural of datum
Apparatus
(n.) instrument or tool (especially one used in a laboratory)
Wetlands
(n.) land with wet and spongy soil
Ocean
(n.) large body of salt water
Galaxy
(n.) large system of stars held together by gravity
Water table
(n.) level underneath Earth's surface that is saturated with water
Reactivity
(n.) likelihood of a substance reacting with another substance
Pedigree
(n.) line of ancestors of an individual
Inference
(n.) logical conclusion based on previous information
Climate
(n.) long term patterns of temperature and moisture in an area
Average
(n.) mean; typical amount
Percent yield
(n.) measure of the efficiency of a process or experiment; equals (actual yield)/(theoretical yield) x 100
Dependent variable
(n.) measured variable in an experiment
Plate tectonics
(n.) movement of large pieces of Earth's crust
Erosion
(n.) movement of soil particles
Generation
(n.) offspring of a certain parent or mating pair
Viewpoint
(n.) opinion
Result
(n.) outcome of an experiment
Quarks
(n.) particles that compose protons and neutrons.
Osmosis
(n.) passing of water through a membrane
Orbit
(n.) path an object takes as it revolves around another object
Geochemical cycles
(n.) patterns of chemical interactions
Consent
(n.) permission; (v.) to agree to.
Solar system
(n.) planets and other bodies orbiting around a star
Understory
(n.) plants growing under the main canopy of a forest
Feces
(n.) poop
Food web
(n.) predator-prey and consumer-resource interactions in an ecosystem; all of the food chains in a community
Filtration
(n.) process of passing a mixture through a filter to purify one of its components
Photosynthesis
(n.) process of using light to create food
Cellular Respiration
(n.) process within cells that involves the breakdown of sugar to create energy
Force
(n.) push or pull
Property
(n.) quality or characteristic
Yield
(n.) quantity of product formed
Efficiency
(n.) ratio of work accomplished to energy supplied to a system
Reactant
(n.) reactant
Fossil
(n.) remains of a dead organism
Model
(n.) representation of a concept
Product
(n.) result of a chemical reaction
Star
(n.) rotating ball of fiery gas fueled by nuclear fusion in its core
Taxonomy
(n.) science of classification
Life cycle
(n.) sequence of changes an organism undergoes
Chemical bond
(n.) sharing of electrons between atoms or ions
Bacteria
(n.) single-celled organisms; plural of bacterium
Magnitude
(n.) size, amount
Nanometer
(n.) small unit of distance; nano- = one billionth, meter = unit of distance
Minimum/maximum
(n.) smallest (minimum) or largest (maximum) amount
Atom
(n.) smallest component of matter
Variable
(n.) something that changes
Matter
(n.) something that has matter and takes up space
emission
(n.) something that is emitted or discharged
Sample
(n.) specimen or quantity or an experiment
Kilogram
(n.) standard unit of mass; kilo- = 1000, gram = unit of mass
Solid
(n.) state of matter that has a definite shape and volume
Liquid
(n.) state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
Gas
(n.) state of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container
Methods
(n.) steps of a procedure of an experiment
Potential energy =
(n.) stored energy
Cell
(n.) structural unit of all organisms
Competition
(n.) struggle among organisms to survive
Compound
(n.) substance composed of 2 or more molecules
Soil
(n.) substance composed of rock particles, decayed organic matter, air, and water
Cytoplasm
(n.) substance within the cell containing the organelles
Nutrients
(n.) substances providing nourishment
Net force
(n.) sum of all forces acting on an object
Environment
(n.) surrounding or external factors
Weather
(n.) temperature, moisture, wind, and air pressure conditions of an area
Trial
(n.) test or round of an experiment
Experiment
(n.) test or trial that involves testing a hypothesis and ideally has one independent variable
Compression
(n.) the act of being made smaller
Concentration
(n.) the amount of solute dissolved in a solution
Nucleus (cell)
(n.) the center of a cell, which directs the cell's functions; plural is nuclei
Nucleus (atom)
(n.) the center of an atom, containing nearly all of its mass
Kinetic energy
(n.) the energy of motion
Control
(n.) the untested group or individual in an experiment with all variables held constant except the independent (tested) variable
Filament
(n.) thin solid, often metal
Inclination with respect to the ecliptic plane
(n.) tilt of a planet's orbit
Orbital period
(n.) time it takes for an object to complete its orbit
Pollination
(n.) transfer of pollen to form seeds
Heat
(n.) transfer of thermal energy
Milliliter
(n.) unit of volume; milli- = one-thousandth, liter = unit of volume
Earthquake
(n.) vibrations in the Earth due to the movement of rocks and plates
Table, graph, diagram
(n.) visual representation of data
Accuracy
(n.) whether a given measurement agrees with the standard value
Epic
(n.) widely celebrated literary work that has survived a long period of time; (adj.) very impressive and extraordinary.
Diameter
(n.) width of a circular object
Accelerate
(v.) change velocity
"Varies with"
(v.) changes (especially increases or decreases) at the same time as
"Tested under same conditions"
(v.) experimented on in the same way, with one variable changed
Expatriate
(v.) to banish someone; (v.) to move from one's native land; (n.) one who lives in a foreign country.
Incorporate
(v.) to become a part of
Increase/decrease
(v.) to become greater (increase); to become less (decrease)
Articulate
(v.) to clearly explain; (adj.) the quality of being able to speak clearly.
Conduct study/experiment
(v.) to create and test a hypothesis
Devise
(v.) to design or create; often confused with the noun device, which means "tool that fulfills a certain purpose''.
Exhibit
(v.) to display; (n.) something that is displayed; (n.) a piece of evidence submitted to a court during a trial.
Brood
(v.) to dwell over past misfortune; (n.) a group of offspring.
Institute
(v.) to enact or establish; (n.) an organization.
Interpolate/extrapolate
(v.) to estimate based on gaps within (interpolate) or outside of (extrapolate) previously collected data
Accumulate
(v.) to gather, collect, or form an increasing quantity
Survey
(v.) to inspect or observe generally
Monitor
(v.) to observe, record, or detect
Classify
(v.) to organize by category
Flourish
(v.) to prosper; (v.) to thrive; (n.) a dramatic gesture; (n.) a written embellishment.
Inhibit
(v.) to restrain or prohibit
Rifling
(v.) to search through, looking for something to steal; (n.) the spiral grooves on the inside of a gun barrel.
Delegate
(v.) to transfer responsibilities to another; (n.) a personal representative.
Gauge
(verb) to estimate or measure a property (such as volume, amount, etc.); (noun) a device which measures a certain property of something.
Fuse
(verb) to join different objects together; (noun) a safety device used in electrical equipment which breaks the circuit in case more current than desired is drawn into the circuit.
Circles
(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2 - radius(r)-> is the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the circle - the diameter of a circle is twice the radius
Midpoint Formula
(x₁+x₂)/2, (y₁+y₂)/2
Triangles
- 3 sides and 3 angles - if the measure of all 3 angles are equal and all 3 sides are the same then the triangle is equilateral - if the measure of 2 angles are equal and 2 sides are the same then the triangle is isosceles - sum of the interior angles is always 180* - if the measure of one of the angles in the triangle is 90*( a right angle), then the triangle is a right triangle
Special Right Triangle 45-45-90
- Right Isosceles triangle - Both legs are equal - Hypotenuse= Leg * √ 2
Special Right Triangle 30-60-90
- Short Leg is opposite the smallest angle (30°). - Long Leg is opposite the 60° angle. - Long Leg = (short leg) *√3. - Hypotenuse = 2 * Short Leg
Independent Clause
- a clause that can stand by itself as a simple sentence - contains a subject + a predicate - makes sense by itself - can be joined by using a semicolon or by using a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
Past Tense
- a tense expressing an action that has happened or a state that previously existed
Future tense
- a tense expressing an action that has not yet happened or a state that does not yet exist
Present tense
- a tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually performed, or a state that currently or generally exists
Angles
- acute= less than 90* - right= 90* - obtuse= greater than 90*
When to use a semicolon
- between 2 independent clause that are closely related in thought - join 2+ ideas( parts) in a sentence, those ideas are thn give equal position/rank
Transition
- can demonstrate continuation, contrast or cause- and effect
Object of a preposition
- completes meaning - in objective case
Run- on
- contains too much information, usually because 2 independent clauses( 2 complete thoughts) are improperly combined
Solving | ax+b | < c
- drop the absolute value and create two separate inequalities with the word AND between them - this also works for less than
Solving | ax+b | > c
- drop the absolute value and create two separate inequalities with the word OR between them - this also works for greater than
Percentages
- find x percent of a given number n(x/100) - find out what % a n is of m (100n)/m - find out what n is x% of (100n)/x
Comma
- indicating a pause between parts of a sentence - used to separate items in a list
Exclamation points
- indicating an exclamation
Rectangles
- is a polygon with 2 pairs of congruent parallel - 4 right angles - sum of the angles is ALWAYS 360*
Trapezoid
- is a polygon with 4 sides and 4 angles - bases( top and bottom) are never the same - the sides though can be the same length( isosceles trapezoid), or they may not be
Parallelogram
- is a polygon with 4 sides and 4 angles that are NOT right angles - has 2 sets of congruent sides and 2 sets of congruent angles
Infinitives
- is a subordinate clause who verb is in the infinitive form - basic form of a verb
Present perfect
- is a verb tense used to express actions that occurred at a non-specific time - used to express actions that started in the past but continue to the present
What is b² - 4ac known as? What is it used to solve?
- is known as the discriminant - can be used to determine quickly at what kind of answer you should arrive
Periods
- mark the end of a sentence
Adjective
- modify a noun
Adverb
- modify a verb
Prepostional phrase
- modifying phrase consisting of a prepositional and its object
Insatiable
- not capable of being satisfied
Past perfect
- refers to a time earlier than before now - used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past
Probalities
- representation of the odds of something happening # of desired outccomes/ total # of possible outsomes
Linear inequality with one variable
- solved in almost the same manner as linear equations with one variable - when multiplying one side of the inequality by a negative number, the direction of the sign must be reserved
Parallel construction
- the phrases or items must be in the same form - can be tested with nouns, verbs or prepositions
Insanity
- the state of being seriously mentally ill; madness
Redundancy
- type of wordiness where the same thing is said twice - " happy and joyful"
Objective pronoun
- use when acting as an object of a verb or compound verb or object of a preposition or an infinitive phrase - me, you, him, her, it, us, them
Apostrophe
- used to indicate either possession or the omission of letters or numbers
Matrix
- used to organize data in columns and rows - the dimensions refer to the number of rows and columns - 2x3 has 2 rows and 3 columns
Colons
- used to precede a list of items, a quotation, or an expansion or explanation
Dashes
- used to set off a word or phrase after an independent clause or a parenthetical remark( words, phrases or clauses that interrupt a sentence) - stronger than a comma, less formal than a colon, and more relaxed than paracentesis
Future perfect
- verb tense used for actions that will be completed before some other point in the future
How many solutions should you have if the discriminant is 0?
1 solution
SEC(secant)
1/COS
CSC(cosecant)
1/SIN
COT(cotangent)
1/TAN
How many solutions should you have if the discriminant is negative?
2 complex solutions of the form ( a+bi) - a and b are real numbers - i is the imaginary number defined by i^2= -1
How many solutions should you have if the discriminant is positive?
2 real solutions
Circle Circumference
2πr
Volume of a sphere
4/3πr³
Less than
<
i^2
= -1
-i^2
= 1
Greater than
>
Binomial A Binomial is a Polynomial with 2 terms. For example: (x - 4) or (10 - 3x).
A Binomial is a Polynomial with 2 terms. For example: (x - 4) or (10x - 3)
Chord
A Chord joins any two points on a Circle. It cuts across the circle. Note that the Diameter is the longest Chord.
Parabola
A U-shaped graph that has an equation with an x^2
Mutability
A ability to transform
Tenet
A belief that is held to be true by a certain group.
Notion
A belief, sometimes without much conviction
Treason
A betrayal of loyalty.
Mortar
A bowl in which substances are ground; a mixture, usually cement and water, used to bond bricks or stones; a military weapon similar to portable artillery
Onus
A burden of responsibility
Comet
A celestial body, having an elongated, curved vapor tail, which is seen only in that part of its orbit that is relatively close to the sun.
Aspect
A certain part of something; the side of an object that faces a certain direction
diagram
A chart or graph used for visual purposes
Homeric Epic
A classic Greek tale of heroism written by the ninth-century Greek author, Homer
Coefficient
A coefficient is the number in front of an x term, such as the 3 and 6 in "3x 2 - 6x". Coefficients can be negative.
Ratio
A comparison between two quantities (for example, the ratio of girls to boys in the class is 1:2).
Analogy
A comparison of similarities between two or more things.
Protein
A compound that consists of amino acids and plays various structural, mechanical, and nutritional roles within organisms.
Affiliation
A connection between groups of people, organizations, or establishments
Vertex
A corner of a shape
Opus
A creative composition, usually musical
Crimson
A deep red color
Comparison
A description of similarities or differences between two things
Intricacy
A detail of something complex
Pendulum
A device that is suspended in such a way to allow it to swing back and forth using gravity
Manometer
A device that measures the pressure of liquids and gases.
Gas Chromatograph
A device used to detect the composition of an unknown material.
Galvanism
A direct electrical current produced by chemical reactions.
Pyrotechnics
A display of fireworks.
Solute
A dissolved substance.
Deviation
A divergence from a certain path; in mathematics: the difference, especially the absolute difference, between one another in a set and the mean of a set
Binge
A duration of excessive and uncontrolled self-indulgence
Conservatory
A fine arts school; a greenhouse of plants aesthetically arranged.
Pentagon
A five-sided polygon.
Gas
A fluid (such as air) that is not independent in shape or volume but tends to expand.
Viscosity
A fluid's resistance to flow.
Epicanthic Fold
A fold of skin of the upper eyelid the only partly covers the eye's inner corner
Inauguration
A formal initiation or induction
Quadrilateral
A four-sided polygon.
Colloid
A gelatinous material
Chlorophyll
A green pigment produced in response to sunlight during photosynthesis
Constituency
A group of citizens who have the power to elect an official; an electoral district.
Endorsement
A guarantee to support; a signature on a document such as a check
Synthetic Polymer
A human-made, repeating chain of atoms.
Exposition
A large-scale public exhibition, display or show; the act of presenting to view (noun) Root POS = place, put, lay
Stratosphere
A layer of the atmosphere between the troposphere and mesosphere.
Mesosphere
A layer of the atmosphere fifty to eighty kilometers above the Earth's surface.
Diagonal
A line segment joining two nonadjacent vertices of a polygon or solid (polyhedron)
Radius
A line segment with endpoints at the center of the circle and on the perimeter of the circle, equal to one-half the length of the diameter.
Transversal
A line that cuts through two or more lines.
Transversal
A line that intersects two or more other lines. The other lines are often (but not always) parallel.
Chronology
A list of events arranged by time of occurrence
Organism
A living thing, either plant or animal
Asthenosphere
A lower layer of the Earth's crust.
Apparatus
A material or device used used for specific purpose
Humidity
A measure of how damp the air is
Voltage
A measure of the energy of an electric current.
Pow-Wow
A meeting or gathering.
Meteorite
A meteor that reaches the surface of the Earth before it is entirely vaporized.
Error
A mistake; the difference between a computed value and the correct value.
Solution
A mixture of two or more substances.
Ample
A more-than-sufficient amount; roomy.
Propensity
A natural inclination, tendency or bent; a leaning (noun)
Radioactive Decay
A natural process by which an atom of a radioactive isotope spontaneously decays into another element.
Prime
A number is Prime if it has exactly 2 factors: 1 and the number itself. For example, 7 is Prime because its factors are 1 and 7, but 9 is not Prime because its factors are 1, 3 and 9. Note: 0 and 1 are not Prime
Complex Numbers
A number such as 3 - 4i that is made of a Real Number, in this case 3, and an Imaginary Number, in this case 4i
Imaginary Numbers
A number that includes i, where i = square root of -1 Imaginary Numbers are square roots of negative numbers. They also make up part of a complex number.
Idiosyncrasy
A peculiar characteristic
Precursor
A person or thing that goes before; a forerunner; a harbinger (noun)
Descendant
A person, animal, or plant that can be traced back to a certain origin; future or subsequent generations.
Interpretation
A personal explanation for another's creation, such as a play or poem.
Subjective pronoun
A personal pronoun that is used as the subject - he, I, she, they, we, it, you
Standard (x, y) Coordinate Plane
A plane that is formed by a horizontal x-axis and a vertical y-axis that meet at point (0,0)
Herbivorous
A plant- eating organism
Prime Number
A positive integer that can only be evenly divided by 1 and itself.
Limbo
A precarious state; in Roman Catholicism, the otherworldly place for unbaptized but good people
Thermal Degradation
A process of combustion where materials in a fuel are broken down into several by-products.
Parallelogram
A quadrilateral (a figure that has four sides) with opposite sides that are parallel and congruent.
Trapezoid
A quadrilateral (a figure with four sides) with only two parallel lines.
Rhombus
A quadrilateral with equal sides
effect
A result
Franchise
A right given to an individual or group to operate a branch of a business and sell the business' products; the right to vote.
Incursion
A running in or coming in especially when undesired; a sudden, brief invasion or raid (noun)
Sanctuary
A sacred place; a refuge.
pH
A scale that measures how acidic or basic a substance is on a scale of 0 to 14. Lower numbers indicate increasing acidity and higher numbers indicate increasing basicity
Polygon
A shape, like a rectangle or pentagon. They are named according to the number of sides they have. A triangle has 3, a quadrilateral has 4, a pentagon has 5, a hexagon has 6...
Oracle
A shrine devoted to a future-telling deity or the deity himself, a prophet
Harbinger
A sign that foreshadows upcoming events
Sucrose
A simple sugar.
Hexagon
A six sided polygon
Regular Hexagon
A six-sided figure with congruent sides and angles.
Infirmary
A small hospital, often in an institution, used to provide care for the sick
Cholesterol
A soft, waxy compound found in the body and in the food we eat
Agronomist
A soil management and field-crop production expert
Sphere
A solid, round figure where all points on the surface are the same distance from the center (for example, a basketball).
sequence
A specific order
Rift
A split or a break.
Emulsion
A state in which one liquid is suspended in another because the liquids will not dissolve in one another
Equilibrium
A state of balance
Saturation
A state of being completely full or soaked
Chaos
A state of complete disarray
Accusation
A statement blaming someone for a crime or error
Paradox
A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
Antigen
A substance such as a toxin or enzyme capable of eliciting an immune response
Catalogue
A systematic list of things, such as books in a library or items for sale at a store.
Celsius
A temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point is 100 degrees under normal atmospheric conditions.
Fahrenheit
A temperature scale that measures the boiling point of water at 212 degrees and the freezing point at 32 degrees
Credulity
A tendency to trust too easily.
Cube
A term raised to the third power; a regular solid having six congruent faces.
Scalene
A triangle with all different sides and angles
Isosceles
A triangle with at least two sides and two angles congruent. Note that isosceles triangles can be acute, right or obtuse
Isosceles Triangle
A triangle with two congruent sides and two congruent angles.
Sauropod
A type of plant-eating dinosaur, for example, the brontosaur.
Radian
A unit of angle measure within a circle.
Kelvin
A unit of temperature where 0K is absolute zero, the freezing point of water is 273 K, and the boiling point of water is 373K.
Spleen
A vascular, ductless organ that is located in the left abdominal region close to the stomach.
Capillary
A very slim tube; one of a network of extremely small blood vessels.
Sacrilege
A violation of anything holy; a profanation; blasphemy
Interjection
A word, cry or phrase expressing sudden or strong emotion; an exclamation (noun)
Gypsum
A yellowish-white mineral used to make plaster
Fledgling
A young bird that has just acquired feathers; also used to describe an inexperienced newcomer
Seedling
A young plant grown from seed.
Area of a triangle
A=1/2bh
Area of a trapezoid
A=1/2h(b1+b2)
Area of a parallelogram
A=bh
Area of a circle
A=πr²
Cos
Abbreviation of cosine
Log
Abbreviation of logarithm. Logarithms are used to indicate exponents of certain numbers called bases.
Perceptive
Able to grasp mentally quickly and easily; with keen insight or intuition (adj.)
Tyranny
Absolute power exercised by an oppressive ruler.
COSINE(cos)
Adjacent/Hypotenuse(CAH)
Domain
All of the possible x values of a graph
Range
All of the possible y values of a graph
Equilateral
All sides are equal. Equilateral usually refers to a triangle in which all 3 sides are equal and all 3 angles are 60 degrees
Comprehensive
All-inclusive
Translucent
Allowing light to pass through but clouded or frosted in such a way that objects on the other side are not clearly visible
Astonishing
Amazing or bewildering
Plagiarism
An act of fraud consisting of copying another's work and pretending that it is original.
Juxtaposition
An act of placing things next to each other, usually for comparing or contrasting.
Precedent
An act, statement, legal decision, case etc. that may serve as an example, reason or justification for a later one (adj.)
Involuntary
An action done without one's consent or free will.
argument
An address or composition intended to convince or persuade
Proponent
An advocate for or an adherent to a cause or doctrine; a person who puts forward a proposal (noun) Root PON = place, put, lay
Catalyst
An agent that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction.
Interior Angle
An angle inside of a shape (that is, all of the interior angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees).
Obtuse
An angle that is larger than a right angle
Antitoxin
An antibody created for and capable of neutralizing a toxin.
Tropical Area
An area near the equator that has a frost-free climate with high temperatures that can support year-round vegetation.
Atrium
An area of a building, usually a courtyard, that is skylighted or open to the sky and that often contains plants.
Skepticism
An attitude of doubt or disbelief.
linear equation in one variable
An equation in which the variable is raised to the first power and does not occur in a denominator of a fraction
Institution
An establishment; a pillar of society (for example, the institution of marriage)
Phenomenon
An event or circumstance that is significant or extraordinary.
Paragon
An example of excellence
Parenthetical
An explanatory statement that is set off by parentheses.
Real Number Line
An infinite line of real numbers represented on a one-dimensional graph
Fjord
An inlet lined by steep slopes that is long, narrow and deep
Projectile
An object fired from a gun with an explosive propelling charge (noun)
Bureaucrat
An official in government; a term usually used in an insulting manner.
Lipid
An oily/waxy organic compound that cannot be dissolved in water
Aperture
An opening or hole, usually in an optical instrument, such as a camera, that limits the amount of light passing through a lens.
Microorganism
An organism of microscopic or very small size.
Prototype
An original form of something.
Indignation
Anger to due unfairness
Inequalities
Any expression that includes: "<", ">", "≤", or "≥"
Antecedent
Any happening or thing coming before in time, order or logic (noun)
Integer
Any real number that doesn't have fractions or decimals including 0 and all negative "whole numbers". For example: ...-2, -1, 0, 1, 2...
Aesthetic
Appeals to the senses because it is beautiful
Essentially
At the very core
Appealing
Attractive or inviting; the act of making a request for a decision or help.
Scientific Inquiry
Based on experiment and observation and the application of the Scientific Method; examination into facts or principles.
Absence
Being away or lacking something; inattentiveness.
Rapt
Being completely occupied by, or focused on, something
Supercooled
Below freezing but remaining liquid.
Bisect
Bisect means cuts into two equal segments or angles. For example: If AB Bisects XY at point Z, then XZ = ZY.
Inevitable
Bound to happen; unavoidable
Cerebral Edema
Brain swelling
Ingenious
Brilliant and clever
connect
Bring together or into contact
Controversial
Characterized by dispute; debatable.
Exquisite
Characterized by great beauty and intricacy
Imminent
Close to happening; impending
Hue
Color
Pigmentation
Coloration.
Synthesis
Combining separate elements to form a whole.
Solace
Comfort; safety.
Preceding
Coming before
Prevalent
Commonly used or occurring.
Reparation
Compensation given to make amends.
Abject
Completely or totally hopeless, miserable or wretched (adj.)
Concerto
Composition for an orchestra and one or more solo instruments, typically in three movements
Conduction and conductivity
Conduction is the transmission of energy like heat or electricity. Conductivity is an attribute of a material specifying its efficiency in transferring that energy.
Congruent
Congruent means equal when referring to physical objects. It means they have the same size and shape.
Quintessential
Considered the perfect form.
Constant
Constant (adj.) the same, unchanged (especially a variable)
Constant
Constant just means "number". If you see the word "constant" on the ACT, cross it out and write "number"
Fickle
Constantly changing one's mind
Incessant
Continued or repeated without stopping or in a way that seems endless; constant (adj.)
Diligent
Continuously putting in great effort
Congruent
Corresponding; equal in length or measure
Trajectory
Course, curve or path described by a moving particle or body (noun)
Ethnicity
Cultural and racial association
Convection
Currents transfer heat with fluid motion
Subjective
Dependant on a person's attitudes or opinions.
characterize
Describe the features of
Pathetic
Deserves pity or sympathy.
Extensive
Detailed and far-reaching
Oblong
Deviating from a square, circular, or spherical form by being slightly longer in one area
Unemotional
Devoid of sentiment or emotion.
Meticulous
Devoting a high amount of attention to detail.
Digit
Digits are only the numbers 0 to 9, so 4 is a Digit, and 7 is a Digit, but 12 is not a Digit. It is made up of the Digits 1 and 2.
Inclined
Disposed to a certain path of thought; sloping
Span
Distance between two things.
Characteristics
Distinguishing attributes or qualities of a person or thing
Glib
Doing something with ease and slickness, but lacking sincerity
Liberally
Done in a manner that is generous (for example, liberally applying sunscreen).
Eon
Duration of time, so long it cannot be measured.
Susceptible
Easily affected emotionally; having a sensitive nature or feelings (adj.)
Distinct
Easily distinguishable from others
Banyan
East Indian tree that has aerial shoots growing down into the soil and forming additional trunks; loose jacket worn in India.
Infrared radiation
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than those of visible light (0.7 microns).
Calligraphy
Elegant lettering; the art of producing such writing.
Experimental Variables
Elements of an experiment that are changed (distinguished from the constant, which is held the same in order to produce significant results)
Altitude
Elevation above a level of reference, usually given in feet above sea level.
Discomforting
Embarrassing.
Real Numbers
Every number that does not have i in it. All of the following are real numbers: 275, π, √7, ¼. These are not real number: 4i, 5 - 2i
Numerous
Existing in great numbers of units or persons
Phantom
Exists only in the mind (an illusion); a ghost.
Psychologizing
Explaining something in psychological terms.
Drastic
Extreme
Crucial
Extremely important.
Absurd
Extremely ridiculous or completely lacking reason.
Minuscule
Extremely small; unimportant
Precipitation
Falling products of condensation in the atmosphere (such as rain).
compare
Find similarities
contrast
Find the differences
determine
Firmly decide
FOIL
First, Outer, Inner, Last
Reflection
Flipped over
Surface Area
For a 3-dimensional object, such as a cube, the surface area is the sum of the areas of all of the faces. A cube has 6 faces, so its surface area is the sum of the areas of all 6 faces.
Infuse
For one substance to penetrate into another (for example, steak infused with garlic flavor)
Seminal
Forms the basis for future development; at the beginning; original.
Consensus
General agreement or concord; collective judgment, opinion or belief; harmony (noun) Root SENS = feel, perceive, think
draw
Give a description of
Gratuitous
Given, received or obtained without charge or obligation; free; voluntary (adjective) Root GRAT = thankful, pleasing
Exultant
Gleeful because of success
Melancholy
Glumness; deep contemplative thought.
contradicts
Goes against what is already established
cause
Good or sufficient reason; a person or thing that acts, happens, or exists in such a way that some specific thing happens as a result; the producer of an effect
Apocalypse
Great or total devastation; approximating the end of the world
Prowess
Great skill in something.
Pendulous
Hanging down loosely; swinging freely; oscillating
Primordial
Happening first or very early.
Simultaneously
Happening or existing at the same time.
Acrid
Harsh or bitter taste or smell
Cursory
Hastily, often superficially done; performed rapidly with little attention to detail (adj.)
Concentric
Having a common center
Alkalinity
Having a pH greater than 7 (contrast with acidic, which is having a pH less than 7).
Acidic
Having a pH less than 7 (contrast with alkalinity, which is having a pH greater than 7).
Abundance
Having considerably more than is necessary or adequate; more than plenty.
Prestigious
Having honor or respect from others.
Unprecedented
Having no previous example.
Straddle
Having one leg on each side of something.
Predominant
Having superior strength, paramount.
Aristocratic
Having the qualities of the elite, ruling class.
Cylindrical
Having the shape of a cylinder, or a solid with circular ends and straight sides.
Rectangular
Having the shape of a rectangle (a parallelogram with four right angles).
supports
Helps
suggests
Hints at or leads to
Cell membrane
Holds everything together,
Nucleus
Holds the cell's DNA
Calamity
Horrible event that results in extreme loss.
point-of-view
How someone sees or understands something
author's attitude
How the author feels in the writing
significant
Important
Essence
Important characteristics that help differentiate something; the key element of an idea; something spiritual; a scent.
Irreconcilable
Impossible to adjust or compromise.
Inexplicable
Impossible to give the reason for; unexplainable
irrevocable
Impossible to reverse.
Inalienable
Impossible to take away
Geometric Sequence
In a Geometric Sequence each term comes from multiplying the previous term by a fixed number. For example: 3, 9, 27, 81... Each term is the previous term times 3
Perfunctorily
In a manner that suggests little interest or attention; a routine duty.
Frenzied
In a temporary crazed state
Virtually
In almost all instances; simulated as by a computer
Dowry
In certain cultures, the money, goods, and so on, that a women brings to a marriage
Durable Goods
In economics, goods that are not depleted with use, such as household appliances or cars
Ethical
In line with what is right and wrong
Adjacent
In the nearest position, next to
Respectively
In the order given.
Directly ProportionaL
Increasing or decreasing together or with the same ratio.
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the tubular outgrowth of the small intestine (noun)
Pseudoscience
Irrational or unfounded beliefs masquerading as science (for example, astrology).
Analogous
Items that are similar and comparable in some way; serving a similar function.
Equidistant
Just means the same distance away. On a circle, all points are Equidistant from its center
Apathy
Lack of any emotion or concern.
Mediocre
Lacking any special qualities, even inferior.
Disquieting
Lacking peace of mind; mental unrest
Triannual
Lasting three years or occurring every three years.
Extravagant
Lavish beyond the norm
Emigration
Leaving one country and traveling to live in another
Area of a rectangle and square
Length x Width
Volume of a rectangular box and cube
Length x Width x Height
Lumbering
Lethargically walking around with clumsiness
Infrared
Light energy having a wavelength below the visible range; it is experienced as heat
Parallel
Lines in the same plane that do not intersect each other; in a coordinate plane, noncollinear lines or segments having the same slope as one another
Parallel
Lines that don't intersect because they have the same slope.
Perpendicular
Lines that have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other. For example: y = 2x - 4 and y = -½ x + 12. Also, perpendicular lines that make 90-degree angles where they meet.
Perpendicular
Lines that intersect and form 90-degree angles.
Relevant
Logically connected; pertinent.
Allegiance
Loyalty to a person, group, country, or cause.
simplify
Make something easy to understand
Vertical Migrators
Marine species that travel toward the surface of the ocean to feed.
Organic Matter
Matter that is derived from living organisms
Capacity
Maximum amount that an object or area can hold; mental ability.
Negligible
Meaningless and insignificant
Adjacent
Means next to
Morale
Mental well-being; mood
complex
More advanced than the usual
Rapid
Moving very quickly.
Indigenous
Native to or naturally existing in a certain area
Inherent
Naturally occurring, permanent element or attribute.
Subtropical
Near the tropical areas of the world; extremely humid and hot climate.
Solid
Neither gas nor liquid; of definite shape and volume.
Neutrons
Neutrally charged particles in the nucleus
Extinct
No longer existing
Inconstant
Not following a pattern; varying
Eclectic
Not following one system, but selecting from various systems and methodologies (adj.)
Stagnant
Not moving or changing; stale.
Irrelevant
Not relevant or pertinent; outside the scope of a discussion or argument.
Real Numbers
Numbers that can be associated with points on a number line
Common molecules: O2 , CO2 , CH4 , H2O
O2 : oxygen, produced by photosynthesis, required for cellular respiration CO2 : carbon dioxide, produced by cellular respiration, contributes to climate change CH4 : methane, produced by livestock and industrial processes, contributes to climate change H2O: water
Overt
Obvious and clearly shown
Coincidental
Occuring by chance
Synchronized
Occurring at the same time and at the same rate.
Various
Of differing kinds.
Consecutive
One after the other, like 3, 4, 5... you can also have consecutive even integers (2, 4, 6...) or consecutive odd integers (11, 13, 15...).
Nanometer
One billionth of a meter
Degree
One in a series of steps in a process or scale; a unit of measurement
Quadrant
One part of a larger object that has been divided into four parts
Intern
One who is confined during wartime against his or her will; a student or recent graduate as an apprentice in a certain professional field
Escapist
One who mentally leaves the real world for a world of fantasy.
Hydraulic
Operated by using water or fluid pressure
TANGENT(tan)
Opposite/Adjacent(TOA)
SINE(sin)
Opposite/Hypotenuse(SOH)
Virus
Organism that causes infection.
Photophores
Organs that produce light.
Extrasensory
Outside or beyond one\'s normal sense perception (hear, see, taste, touch or smell) (adjective) Root SENS = feel, perceive, think
Perimeter of a rectangle
P=2l+2w
Perimter of a square
P=4s( s is length of sides)
Perimeter of a triangle
P=a+b+c
Arc
Part of the circumference made by a wedge of a circle.
Collinear
Passing through or lying on the same straight line
Speculators
People who form theories based on uncertain evidence; those who purchase something with the hope of reselling it later at a profit.
Contemporary
Person or thing of the same era or age; current, modern.
Inexhaustible
Plentiful; impossible to use up completely
Toxins
Poisons
Protons
Positively charged particles in the nucleus
Embittered
Possessing bitter feelings
Empowered
Possessing the necessary abilities for a particular task; given power or authority
Preliminary
Precedes or comes prior to.
Cryopreservation
Preservation (as of cells) by very low temperatures.
Invaluable
Priceless
By-Products
Products made in the process of making something else, sometimes unexpected.
Macrophages
Protective cells
Exceptional
Rare due to uncommonly great qualities
Beneficiary
Recipient of benefits, for example, funds or property from an insurance policy or will.
distinguish
Recognize or treat as different
Unilaterally
Related to or occurring on one side only
Anatomical
Related to the structure of an organism.
Glacial
Relating to a glacier; callous and cold; extremely slow.
Linear
Relating to a line
Terrestrial
Relating to dry land as opposed to water; relating to the Earth as opposed to other planets.
Neurological
Relating to neurology, the study of the nervous system
Ancestral
Relating to or inherited from an ancestor.
Ideological
Relating to the fundamental ideas of an individual or group
Cesarean
Relating to the medical procedure of surgical abdominal birth, referred to as a cesarean section
Neural
Relating to the nervous system
Celestial
Relating to the sky; divine or heavenly
Prerequisite
Required beforehand.
Criterion
Requirement on which judgment can be based.
Quasi
Resembles to some degree.
Durable
Resistant to wear
Lysosomes
Responsible for breaking down dying cells, food particles, and more.
Consequence
Result of an action.
Igneous Rock
Rock that is formed by the cooling and solidification of molten magma
Rotate Vs. Revolve
Rotate: to turn about a fixed point; Revolve: to turn on an axis.
Matrix
Rows and columns of elements arranged in a rectangle.
states
Says
Disdainful
Scornful and sneering.
Nostalgia
Sentimental yearning for the past
depict
Show or represent by a drawing, painting, or other form of art
Discriminatory
Showing a bias.
Cordial
Sincere; courteous.
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms.
Ultraviolet
Situated beyond the visible spectrum.
Expertise
Skill or knowledge in a certain area
subtle
Slight not very broadly known
Asteroid
Small celestial body that revolves around the sun, with a diameter between a few and several hundred kilometers.
Mere
Small; (adv. merely) nothing more.`
Sediment
Solid materials that sink to the bottom of a liquid.
Aerosol
Solid or liquid particles suspended in gas
Basalt
Solidified lava; a dense, gray, fine-grained igneous rock.
Compatriot
Someone from one's own country; a colleague
Subcontractor
Someone who agrees to perform one part of a larger commitment or contract.
Steerage Passenger
Someone who rides in the least expensive section of a ship.
Assumption
Something believed to be true without proof; unsupported evidence.
Emanant
Something such as a gas or odor coming forth and of a source
Gratification
Something that gives pleasure by satisfying desires; source of satisfaction (noun) Root GRAT- = thankful, pleasing
Anomaly
Something that is different from the norm
Impending
Soon to be taking place or happening; imminent; hovering menacingly (adj.)
Social Rituals
Specific gestures and behaviors that are observed by members of a community.
Velocity
Speed of motion.
Anew
Starting again in a new or different way
Dissension
Strong disagreement; a quarrel, contention or dispute; discord (noun) Root SENS = feel, perceive, think
Carbohydrate
Sugars and starches that serve as a major energy source for animals.
conclude
Sum up or wrap up
Recurrent
Taking place over and over
Gaudy
Tastelessly flashy.
Predilection
Tendency to think favorably of something in particular; partiality; preference; liking
Conducive
Tending to cause or bring about
Buoyant
Tending to float; lighthearted.
Context
Text or spoken words that surround a word or passage and help determine meaning; circumstances that surround an event.
Retention
The ability to hold things in or retain.
Perceive
The act of becoming aware of something, usually through the senses.
Vindication
The act of clearing someone or something from blame.
Foliation
The alternating layers of different mineral compositions within solid rocks
Remainder
The amount left over when you divide, but the number doesn't go in evenly. For instance, when 14 is divided by 4, the remainder is 2, because 4 goes into 12, which is 2 short of 14
Newton
The amount of force needed to accelerate a one-kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second, per second
Concentration
The amount of one substance contained within another; intense mental effort or focus
Straight Angle
The angle formed by a straight line. It has a measure of 180 degrees. When two angles combine to form a Straight Angle they are Supplementary.
Exterior Angle
The angle formed by extending one of the sides of a polygon
Interior Angle
The angles on the inside of a polygon
Inception
The beginning of something: the origin: a start (noun)
Electorate
The body of all the people who possess the right to vote
Electorate
The body of persons entitled to vote in an election (noun)
Perimeter
The boundary of a figure; in math, the distance from one point around the figure to the same point.
Aerobic Respiration
The breakdown of glucose in the body of an animal to supply muscles with oxygen
main idea
The central focus point of the passage
Hydrogen Bonding
The chemical bonding of a hydrogen atom with another electronegative atom
Fermentation
The chemical process of breaking down an organic substance into simpler substances such as the fermentation of sugar to alcohol
Halitosis
The condition of having breath with a foul odor
Determinant
The difference between multiplied terms in a matrix
Period
The distance a wave travels before it repeats its pattern
Diameter
The distance across a circle through its center. It is also twice the radius
Circumference
The distance around the circle. Equivalent to the perimeter of a circle.
Perimeter
The distance around the outside of a shape. You calculate the perimeter by adding up the length of each side. Don't confuse the perimeter with the area.
Wavelength
The distance between repeating peaks or crests of waves.
Radius
The distance from any point on the center to the circle
Compressibility
The ease with which pressure can alter the volume of matter
Demise
The end of existence.
Common Difference
The equal distance between one number in an arithmetic sequence and the next (for example, the common difference between 4, 6, and 8 is 2.).
Directly Proportional
The equation for Directly Proportional is y = kx, where k is a constant.
Ecology
The field of science that concentrates on relationships between organisms and their environments
Cuisine
The food prepared by a style of cooking, for example, "Italian cuisine''.
Gravity
The force of attraction between two bodies of mass
Friction
The force resistant to motion.
Drag Force
The frictional force that resists or slows down motion through a medium such as air
Altitude
The height of a triangle that makes a 90-degree angle with the base of the triangle.
Maximum
The highest y value of a graph.
Positive Slope
The incline of a line that slants upward (from left to right).
Diagonal
The line between non-consecutive corners in a polygon
Hypotenuse
The longest side of a right-angle triangle, which is always the side opposite the right angle
Troposphere
The lowest part of the Earth's atmosphere.
Minimum
The lowest y value of a graph
Protagonist
The main character of a story or tale.
Conscience
The mental sense that guides moral decisions.
Median
The middle number when the numbers are in order. For example, 4 is the median of: 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, because it is the middle number.
Median
The middle value in a set of ordered numbers.
Mode
The most frequently listed number. For example, 6 is the mode of: 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6 because it is the number that shows up most often. Note that it does not have to be in the middle.
Dominant
The most prominent; exuding authority
Gastric Emptying
The movement from the stomach to the small intestine, and finally into the colon.
Lithosphere
The outer part of the Earth that included the crust and upper mantle
Periphery
The outermost boundary of an area.
Thermosphere
The outermost layer of the atmosphere.
context
The parts of a written or spoken text or statement that immediately precede and follow a word or passage and clarifies its meaning.
Radii
The plural form of radius.
Vertices
The plural form of vertex, which is a point of intersection.
Origin
The point (0,0), which is usually marked with "O".
Midpoint
The point exactly halfway between two other points
Midpoint
The point that divides a line segment into two equal segments
x-intercept
The point where a line on a graph crosses the x-axis.
y-Intercept
The point where a line on a graph crosses the y-axis.
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by the molecules of a vapor.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants turn carbon dioxide and water into energy with the aid of sunlight.
Metamorphism
The process of altering solid rock by changing its temperature, pressure, and chemistry.
Dissolution
The process of dissolving or disintegrating
Biosynthesis
The production of a chemical compound within the body
Territorial
The protective behavior that is displayed when an animal is defending its area.
Coherent
The quality of being logical and clear
Agility
The quality of being quick and nimble
Constant
The quality of being unchanging; marked by firm resolution or loyalty.
Competence
The quality of having adequate skill, knowledge and experience
Cohesiveness
The quality of sticking together
Acceleration
The rate of change of velocity
Common Ratio
The ratio of one term and the next in a geometric sequence (for example, the common ratio between 2, 4, and 8 is 4/2 and 8/4, or 2.)
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the density of one substance to the density of another substance.
Law of Sines
The relationship among the angles and the sides of a triangle (the sine of the angles is equal to the lengths of the sides).
Sum
The result when you add numbers. For example, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12
Quotient
The result when you divide numbers. For example, the quotient of 8 and 4 is 2.
Product
The result when you multiply numbers. For example the product of 3 and 7 is 21.
Difference
The result when you subtract numbers. The difference between 7 and 4 is 3. Just remember " difference means subtraction".
Symmetric
The same on one side as it is on the other
Solution Set
The set of values that make an equation true.
Adolescence
The stage of development between puberty and maturity
Suspensions
The state of a substance when its particles are combined together but have not been dissolved in a fluid or solid.
Arisen
The state of being up after sitting or lying
Boiling Point
The temperature a liquid must be to change states from liquid to gas
Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid softens into a liquid.
Ignition Temperature
The temperature that a fuel must reach before combustion can begin
Diffusion Time
The time that it takes for a material to spread from one area to another
Gable
The triangular section of a wall that fills the space between the two slopes of a roof.
Mole
The unit of measurement for the molecular weight of a substance
Cubic Inch
The volume of a cube with edges that all measure one inch.
Erosion
The wearing away of an object by outside forces, like wind or water
Molecular Weight
The weight of all the atoms in a molecule
Quadrant
The x-axis and y-axis divide the xy-plane into 4 parts,
Expression
They are just pieces of an equation when there is no equal sign.
Emissions
Things that are discharged (often gases into the air)
Sustenance
Things that provide nourishment for survival.
Electrons
Tiny, negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
Accommodate
To adapt or adjust in a way that makes someone else comfortable; to make room.
Align
To adjust parts so that they fit together correctly, usually in a straight line.
Concede
To admit or reluctantly yield; to surrender
Assent
To agree; to concur; to acquiesce (verb) Root SENT = feel, perceive, think
Redirect
To alter the course or direction.
Contradict
To assert the opposite.
Haggle
To bargain in an annoying manner; to harass
Abound
To be well supplied; to have great quantities.
Condense
To become more compact; to change from a vapor to a liquid
Languish
To become weak; to become disenchanted.
Conjure
To bring to mind; to produce as if by magic.
Incorporate
To bring two things or certain aspects of two things together
Contemplate
To carefully consider.
Precipitate
To cause something to happen very suddenly
Vaporize
To change into a cloud of diffused matter.
Adapt
To change or modify to suit a particular purpose
Contrive
To clearly plan; to cleverly devise.
Descend
To come from a particular origin; to move down from a higher point.
Subsequent
To come next or later.
Immerse
To completely submerge
summarize
To conclude
Impound
To confine; to seize and retain in the custody of the law (verb) Root PON/POUN = place, put, lay
verify
To confirm
Endure
To continue despite difficulty; to tolerate
Establish
To create a foundation
Infer
To deduce from evidence, often confused with imply
Delve
To deeply and thoroughly search.
Assert
To demonstrate power; to defend a statement as true.
Disavow
To deny knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with.
Recount
To describe the facts or details of a past event; to retell a story or repeat testimony
discern
To detect with the eyes
Discern
To differentiate or distinguish; to perceive.
Deform
To disfigure; to ruin the shape of an object.
Decompose
To disintegrate into components.
Improvise
To do or perform without preparation; to create something only from readily available materials
Evaporate
To draw away moisture and convert into vapor
Radiate
To emit energy or light that extends from a single source.
Circumscribe
To enclose a shape with lines or curves, so that every vertex of the enclosed object touches part of the enclosing configuration
Enshrine
To enclose in a shrine or place of devotion
Embrace
To enclose in one's arms; become accepting of other ideas or people
Ingratiate
To establish (oneself) in the favor or good graces of others, esp. by deliberate effort (verb) Root GRAT = thankful, pleasing
analyze
To examine critically, to bring out the essential elements or give the essence of.
interpret
To explain the meaning of; make sense of
Bemoan
To express grief; to deplore.
Demur
To express opposition.
Feign
To fabricate or deceive
Emulate
To follow an admirable example; imitate
Banish
To force to leave; to exile
Compose
To form by placing parts or elements together; to bring oneself to a state of calm
Indulge
To freely partake in; to yield to the wish or desire of oneself or others
demonstrate
To give a display or an example
Endow
To give a positive trait; to provide monetary funds by donation
respond
To give an answer
describe
To give details about
Transcend
To go above and beyond; to rise above
Exceed
To go far beyond a limit; excel
trace
To go over
Extrapolate
To guess by inferring from known information
Concur
To happen at the same time or together; coincide; to agree (with); to be in accord (verb)
Correlate
To have corresponding characteristics
incarcerate
To imprison
Enrich
To improve
Imply
To indirectly suggest, often confused with infer, which means " to conclude"
Derive
To infer certain knowledge; to trace the origin or development of something.
Decipher
To interpret the meaning, usually of a code or hard-to-read handwriting.
Alienate
To isolate oneself from others or another person from oneself
Foresee
To know beforehand
recognize
To know or be able to clearly point out
Rediscover
To learn about or see something as though for the first time.
Protract
To lengthen or prolong.
Hoist
To lift up
Anticipate
To look forward to or to expect
Embalm
To maintain a dead body by treating it with chemical preservatives
Diminish
To make smaller, decrease, or lessen.
Formalize
To make something official or valid
apply
To make use of as relevant, suitable, or pertinent
De-Emphasize
To minimize the importance.
Sacrilege
To misuse something that is sacred.
Translate/Translation
To move a line segment or entire graph horizontally or vertically without rotating it
Dissolve
To pass into or and become part of; to terminate
Redeem
To pay off a debt or fulfill an obligation; to make good.
visualize
To picture
Envision
To picture a mental image
Repose
To place (confidence, trust, etc.) in a person or thing: to set; to lay at rest (verb) Root POS = place, put, lay
Forecast
To predict future events, such as the weather
Concoct
To prepare by mixing ingredients together; devise a plan
Deter
To prevent from taking a particular course of action.
Resonate
To produce or amplify vibrations.
Demean
To reduce in worth.
Forgo
To refrain from doing something previously planned
Emit
To release particles such as light, heat, gases
Dispel
To rid one's mind of; to drive out.
Disperse
To scatter or spread out everywhere
Incinerate
To set fire to and burn something until it is reduced to ashes
develop
To set forth or make clear by degrees or in detail
Emancipate
To set free; to release from bondage, servitude or serfdom; to free from restraint or control (verb)
Equivalent To
To simplify or evaluate it.
Percolate
To slowly pass through a porous substance.
Enumerate
To state things in a list
assert
To state with assurance, confidence, or force; state strongly or positively; affirm; aver
Insinuate
To subtly imply.
Foreshadow
To suggest or hint at future occurrences
paraphrase
To summarize in your own words
omit
To take out
Interpret
To translate or explain a concept
Prevail
To triumph or come out on top.
Entangle
To twist and tie up in a complicated manner
Dilute
To weaken the strength of a solution
Secede
To withdraw formally from membership in, or association with, a group, organization etc. especially a political group (verb)
Inscribe
To write or engrave words on a surface; to write one's name on something
Indifference
Total lack of concern or interest
Biomass
Total mass of all the living matter within a given area
Radiation
Transfers heat in the form of waves or particles
Molten
Turned to liquid because of heat
Isotopes
Two or more atoms with an identical atomic number and differing in number of electrons.
Ambiguous
Unclear or capable of having more than one meaning.
Consecutive
Uninterrupted sequence.
Frivolous
Unnecessary and silly.
Disconcerting
Unsettling.
Peculiarity
Unusual quality or characteristic.
Unsolicited
Unwanted
Reluctant
Unwilling and resistant.
Irony
Use of words to express a meaning that is the opposite of the real meaning; similar to and often confused with sarcasm, which means "words used to insult or scorn''.
Point-Slope Formula
Used to calculate slope of a line y−y1=m(x−x1)
Volume of a right circular cone
V=1/3πr^2h
Volume of a prism
V=Bh
Volume of a right circular cylinder
V=πr^2h
Amino Acids
Various organic compounds that link together to form proteins.
Rudimentary
Very basic or not fully developed.
Eloquent
Very clear and precise; quality of being skilled in clear and precise speech
Scrutiny
Very close examination.
Offal
Wasted trimmings of an animal carcass; trash or rubbish.
Conduction
We can transfer energy through direct contact
Endpoints
What defines the beginning and end-of-line segment
Acute
When referring to an angle acute means less than 90 degrees. When referring to a triangle, acute means that all angles are less than 90 degrees
Obtuse
When referring to an angle obtuse means greater than 90 degrees. When referring to a triangle, obtuse means that one angle is greater than 90 degrees
Right
When referring to angle right means 90 degrees. When referring to a triangle, right means that one angle is 90 degrees. Right triangles will use a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Mitochondria
Where chemical reactions occur that produce energy for cells
Defection
Withdrawing one's support; to escape or become a traitor.
Intracellular
Within a cell or cells
Unparalleled
Without an equal or comparison
Gratis
Without charging or paying; freely (adverb) Root GRAT = thankful, pleasing
Commendable
Worthy of praise
Ratio
You probably learned Ratio as two numbers with a colon between them, such as 4:7. However on the ACT it is helpful to think of a Ratio as a fraction, such as 4/7 .
Saplings
Young trees
Notion
a belief about something, an impulse, or desire.
Starch
a complex carbohydrate which forms the energy supply within many vegetables.
Protein
a compound made up of amino acids which plays several roles in forming the structural components of the body (such as muscles, hair, etc.) within an organism.
Interval
a deterministic period between two activities or instants.
Variable
a factor which is meant to be changed in an experiment to determine the effects it has on the experiment
Attribute
a feature or property which is regarded as a part of something or someone.
Friction
a force acting between two solid surfaces where the relative motion of the surfaces is resisted.
Electron
a fundamental part of an atom - negatively charged
Neutron
a fundamental part of an atom which has no charge
Proton
a fundamental part of the atom which is positively charged.
Combustion
a high-temperature reaction involving a fuel and an oxidant (usually oxygen), commonly associated with the process of burning.
Transversal Line
a line that intersects two parallel lines - the angles created have similar properties
Conductor
a material which offers minimum resistance to the flow of heat or electricity.
Mass
a measure determined by the amount of matter or energy present in a body, it is the measure of a body's resistance to acceleration.
Compressibility
a measure of the amount of effort it would take to reduce the volume of the matter by applying pressure. Lower compressibility would indicate more effort is required to reduce the volume.
Solution
a mixture of two or more substances which is homogeneous (has a uniform mixture and composition).
Acid
a molecule capable of donating a positively-charged hydrogen ion, or capable of forming a covalent bond by donating an electron pair
Ion
a molecule or an atom which has a positive or negative charge due to losing or gaining one or more electrons
Radioactive decay
a naturally occurring process by which an atom spontaneously decays into another atom of a different element.
Photosynthesis
a process used by plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, using energy from sunlight.
Incremental
a quantity which is gradually increasing with discrete additions regularly.
pH
a scale from 1-14 which specifies the concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. It represents the alkalinity or acidity of that solution. A pH value of 7 is neutral, lower is acidic, and higher is alkaline.
Equilibrium
a state where all the constituents of a system (such as reactants in a chemical reaction) are in balance.
Emulsion
a state where one liquid is suspended in another but the two liquids would not dissolve in one another.
Anecdote
a story told by someone based on his/her past experiences.
Deposition
a substance that is naturally deposited somewhere
Substrate
a substance which is acted upon by an enzyme; a layer which is underneath another layer.
Catalyst
a substance which speeds up a chemical reaction but does not change the outcomes of the reaction
biased
a tendency to be in favor of or against something or someone adjective (attitude, tone)
Hypothesis
a tentative theory which has not been verified or proven, but tries to explain certain facts or phenomena.
Preposition
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause
Distributive Property of Multiplication
a(b+c)=ab+ac
Perimeter of a trapezoid
a+b+c+d
Commutative Property of Multiplication
ab=ba
resigned
accepting something unpleasant which cannot be avoided adjective (attitude, tone)
probably
almost certainly adverb (inference)
Herbivore
an animal that survives by exclusively eating plants.
Habitat
an area where an organism naturally lives in the ecosystem.
Quadratic Equation
an equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0
criterion
an established standard or principle noun (inference)
Imminent
an event which is close to happening; something which is about to happen in a short period.
Precede
an event which occurs before another event in time; something which comes before another thing regarding their positions.
Carbohydrate
an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen at a ratio of 1:2:1. For example, sugars and starches are the main sources of energy for living beings.
Parasite`
an organism which uses another organism as a host and feeds off the host for survival.
Factors
are all of the numbers that will divide evenly into one number
Mean (also Arithmetic Mean)
average; found by adding all the terms in a set and dividing by the number of terms
Standard for of a simple quadratic expression
ax^2+bx=c - a, b, and c are whole numbers - when the terms include both a number and a variable, such as x, the number is the coefficient
Pythagorean Theorem
a²+b²=c²
represent
be representative or typical for
Organic matter
carbon-based compounds found within natural environments and beings.
Distance Formula
d = √[( x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]
negative
disapproving; showing the lack of what was expected adjective (attitude, tone)
locate
discover the location of
Equation for distance
distance = rate x time
Critical
expressing harsh or disapproving comments or judgments about something; analyzing a work of science, literature, music, etc.; describing a situation or a problem which can be potentially disastrous.
Roots of a Polynomial
finding what value(s) of x make the equation true - factor the equation or use the quadratic formula
Burgeon
for something to grow or increase rapidly
cynical
having a low opinion of people's reasons adjective (attitude, tone)
ambivalent
having opposite feelings or opinions about a person or thing adjective (attitude, tone)
judicious
having or showing the ability to form sensible opinions adjective (attitude, tone)
Larva
immature, wingless insect
implicit
implied or understood though unexpressed; without doubts or reservations, unquestioning; potentially contained in
Cosine
in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to the acute angle divided by the hypotenuse (cos) = Adjacent/Hypotenuse (CAH)
Porportion
indicates that one ratio is equal to another ratio
subjective
influenced by personal opinions adjective (attitude, tone)
Redundant
information which is no longer needed or is of use, usually because it has been stated or deduced earlier.
Relevant
information which is related or appropriate to the subject or holds some value or interest to the subject being discussed.
Given
information which is specified or stated.
Percent
is a fraction whose denominator is 100
Rational number
is a number that can be expressed as a ratio of 2 integers
Function
is a set of ordered pairs where no two of the ordered pairs has the same x-value - each input( x-value) has exactly one output( y-value)
Absolute value
is notated by placing that number inside two vertical lines - can be defined as the numerical value of a real number without regard to its sign
Arithmetic sequence
is one in which the difference between consecutive terms is the same - 2,4,6,8......, is an arithmetic sequence where 2 is the common difference
Slope
is the grade at which the line increases or decreases - "rise over run" - Slope=Change in y/Change in x
Greatest common factor (GCF)
is the largest integer that will divide evenly into any 2 or more integers
Ratio
is the relation between two quantities expressed as one divided by the other
Hypotenuse
is the side that is opposite the right angle
Least common multiple (LCM)
is the smallest integer into which any 2 or more integers will divide evenly
Polynomial
is the sum or difference of expressions like 2x^2 and 14x
Simple Probability
is used to measure how likely an event is to occur - representation of the odds of something happening # of desired outcomes/ total # of possible outcomes
indifference
lack of interest noun (attitude, tone)
suggestive
leading the mind into a particular way of thinking adjective (inference)
Vapor
liquid in gaseous state
Coherent
logical and consistent with the preceding arguments, theories, or policies
primarily
mainly; chiefly adverb
explain
make palin and comprehensible
Square roots
nonnegative value a that fulfills the expression a^2=n
tentative
not certain or fully developed adjective (inference)
objective
not influenced by personal feelings or opinions adjective (attitude, tone)
seldom
not often; rarely adverb
incompatible
not suitable to be together with another thing or person adjective
Multiple
of another number if it can be expressed as the product of that number and a second number
Precipitation
phenomena of any form of water falling to the ground (in the form of rain, mist, snow, etc.).
defensive
prepared for disapproval or attack adjective (attitude, tone)
intent
purpose; concentrating on or dedicated to an idea or action
Acceleration
rate of change of velocity, often expressed in m/s2.
Place value
refers to the value of a digit in a number relative to its position
Residual
remaining parts after an activity has been done to an object, or something which was left over.
plausible
seeming to be true or reasonable adjective (inference)
incredulous
showing disbelief adjective (attitude, tone)
indicative
showing or suggesting adjective
Trigonometric Identities
sin(-θ)= -sinθ cos(-θ)= -cosθ tan(-θ)= -tanθ csc(-θ)= -cscθ sec(-θ)= -secθ cot(-θ)= -cotθ
Trigonometric Identities( addition and subtraction formulas)
sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + sinB cosA sin(A - B) = sinA cosB - sinB cosA cos( A + B)= cosA cosB + sinA sinB cos( A - B)= cosA cosB - sinA sinB
Trigonometric Identities(double-angle formulas)
sin2θ= 2sinθcosθ cos2θ=cos^2θ-sin^2θ=1-2sin^2θ= 2cos^2θ-1
Trigonometric Identities(half-angle formulas)
sin^2 θ= ( 1 - cos^2)/2 cos^2 θ=( 1 + cos^2 θ)/2
Pythagorean Identities
sin^2x+cos^2x=1 1+tan^2x=sec^2x 1+cot^2x=csc^2x
Uniform
something which always shows the same form or manner without variation
Dissoluble
something which can be dissolved into another liquid or aqueous solution.
Insoluble
something which cannot be dissolved into another liquid or aqueous solution.
Incendiary
something which causes conflicting arguments; a device which is designed to cause and propagate fires.
Principle
something which forms the foundation of a system or behavior.
Characteristic
something which is commonly a feature or a quality of a person, place, or a thing.
Consecutive
something which is followed in an unbroken or continuous sequence.
Impervious
something which is immune to any change from another thing (specific or in general).
Obsolete
something which is no longer of any use, or has a viable replacement which is easier to obtain or function.
Abundant
something which is plentiful or exists in large quantities
Indigenous
something which naturally exists in a certain area or is native to that area.
Equation of a line
standard form-> Ax+By=C slope-intercept form-> y=mx+b point- slope form-> y-y₁=m(x-x₁)
Average/mean
sum of terms/the#(amount) of different terms
pessimism
tendency to give more attention to the bad side of a situation noun (attitude, tone)
eliminate
terminate or take out
Trial
testing the performance or result of an experiment.
likely
that can reasonably be expected; probable adjective (inference)
implication
the act of expressing, showing, or meaning indirectly noun (inference)
Diffusion time
the amount of time it takes for molecules or atoms of a material to spread from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Fermentation
the chemical process of breaking something down into simpler substances. For example, when sugar is fermented into alcohol.
Wavelength
the distance between two successive crests of a wave, such as a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
Kinetic energy
the energy of the motion of an object.
Ecology
the field of science which is concerned with relationships between organisms and their environments.
Chlorophyll
the green pigment present in plants which captures light energy for photosynthesis
Least Common Denominator (LCD)
the least common multiple of two or more denominators
Absolute zero
the lowest possible temperature - 0 Kelvin OR -273 degress Celsius
Humidity
the measurement representing the amount of water vapor present in the air.
Insulator
the opposite of conductor, a substance which resists the transfer of heat or electricity through it.
Order of Operations
the order in which operations in an expression to be evaluated are carried out. PEMDAS 1. parentheses 2. exponents 3. multiplication and division 4. addition and subtraction
Combinations
the order of the elements does not matter - A x B x C is the same as B x C x A
Contour
the outline which represents the bounding shape of an object or form; to mold something into a specific shape.
Erode or Erosion
the process of air or water flow removing soil, rock, or material from one location and transporting them to another location
Aerobic respiration
the process of glucose breakdown in the body of an animal for supplying muscles with oxygen
Osmosis
the process of liquid moving through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution.
Specific gravity
the ratio of the weight of one substance to the weight of a different substance.
Proportionality
the relationship between two distinct quantities or amounts. In "directly proportional" quantities, an increase of one quantity causes the increase of the other quantity. In "indirectly proportional" quantities, increase of one quantity causes the decrease of the other quantity.
Latter
the second statement stated of the two previous statements
Velocity
the speed and direction of an object's motion
theme
the subject of a piece of writing noun
Viscosity
the tendency of a liquid to resist flow. More viscous liquids flow more slowly than less viscous ones.
Altitude
the vertical distance between an object and the ground or sea level; any object on the ground or sea level is said to have 0 altitude
Correspond
to agree or correlate with; to communicate by exchanging messages.
Contradict
to assert the opposite or to deny the truth of a statement.
Compose
to be a part or to make up something; to write or create a work of literature, art, science, etc.
Efficient
to be able to accomplish a task or a purpose without wasting resources (such as time, energy, money, etc.).
Proficient
to be well versed and skilled in using a tool or thing.
Emerge
to become obvious, more prominent, or important.
Infer
to deduce a conclusion not explicitly written in the given evidence and information.
Evolve
to develop something gradually; to develop something from a simpler form to more complex forms.
Emit
to discharge, generally used in the context of heat, light, radiation, etc.
generalize
to draw a broad conclusion from particular facts
infer
to draw a conclusion from evidence
Analyze
to examine something in detail (such as phenomena, the result of an experiment, data collected from a survey, etc.).
Omit
to exclude some information intentionally or forgetfully; to fail or neglect to do something.
implied
to express indirectly; hint; suggest
imply
to express, show, or mean indirectly; suggest verb (inference)
Determine
to find the exact cause and explanation of an event, phenomena, result (in an experiment), etc.
emphasize
to give special attention to something, to stress
Correlate
to have a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.
Prolong
to increase the duration or the physical space of an event or object
illustrate
to make clear by examples or pictures
Exhibit
to make property or a skill visible or apparent.
Engage
to make someone or something involved in an event, conversation, or discussion; to participate or get involved in something; to keep someone's interest.
derive
to obtain something from verb (inference)
imagine
to picture something in your mind
Anticipate
to predict an event or a result based on current events or past experiences.
identify
to recognize and be able to name a person or thing
indicate
to show or point out
Decelerate
to slow down, or to reduce the speed(or velocity) or a moving body
Assert
to state a fact or belief with authority and confidence; to make others believe in one's authority
Adhere
to stick completely on a surface
implies
to suggest something rather than directly state it
Distinguish
to treat something or recognize it as different.
Supplementary angles
two angles that add up to 180 degrees
Parallel lines
two lines are________ if and only if they have the same slope
Perpendicular lines
two lines are__________ if and only if the slope of either of the lines is the negative reciprocal of the slope of the other line
skeptical
unwilling to believe a claim or promise; doubting; distrustful adjective (attitude, tone)
establish
use as a basis for
Logarithms
used to indicate exponents of certain numbers called bases
sarcastic
using expressions that clearly mean the opposite to what is felt adjective (attitude, tone)
Idiomatic
using, containing, or denoting expressions that are natural to a native speaker - appropriate to the style of art or music associated with a particular period, individual, or group
Exponents
when a whole number is multiplied by itself, the number of times it is multiplied is referred to as the __________
Temperature
which is a measure of the amount of heat an object has. Temperature is measured on three scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin, all named after different people. Water freezes at 32° Fahrenheit, at 100° Celsius, and at 273 Kelvin (no degrees for this scale!). It boils at 212° F, 100° C, and 373 K. The lowest possible temperature is 0 K, at which point it is believed that matter has no energy left and stops moving completely.
Quadratic Formula
x = -b ± √(b² - 4ac)/2a
evidence
your basis for belief or disbelief
Inequalities with absolute values
| ax+b | < c , or, | ax+b | > c
Radians
π/180 -> changing from degrees to radians 180/π-> radians to degrees
Less than or equal to
≤
Greater than or equal to
≥