Actinomycetes
how is nocardiosis diagnosed
-microscope -culture -gram stain -biochemical tests
Actinomycosis causes what type of problems with the cervicofacial
-most common is lower jaw
what is the treatment for Nocardiosis
-surgical debridement -followed by cotrimazole or sulfadiazine
what is the main risk factor for nocardiosis
-weakened immune system -chronic lung disease
what organism causes dental plaque
Actinomyces viscosus
what happens when a person consumes sugar
Actinomyces viscosus metabolizes sugar and produces acid that erodes enamel surface
what infection is caused by Actinomyces israelii
Actinomycosis
Actinomycetes form fungi-like
bacteria
Actinomycetes is a large group of organisms that have characteristics of
bacteria and fungi
how does a patient get Nocardiosis
by inhalation or by the Nocardia asteroides being introduced to traumatized tissue
a culture of Actinomycetes would look
filamentous
what would treatment for Actinomycosis be
first, surgical debridement of damaged tissue
infections caused by Actinomycetes resemble
fungal diseases -difficult to eradicate
in the oral cavity, where does Actinomyces viscosus work its was in to
gingival crevice
inflammation of gums is called
gingivitis
Nocardiosis is gram
gram positive
what type of gram stain would Actinomycetes show
gram positive
what is found in microscopic appearance of Nocardiosis
granules and filaments
how would you culture Nocardiosis
grow on appropriate medium for 7-10 days
how are Actinomycetes like bacteria
have a procaryotic cell wall
Actinomycetes form branches or filaments called
hyphae
what type of patients does Nocardiosis affect
immunocompromisd patients
Actinomycetes causes what problems in the genital area
inflammation due to intrauterine devices
what happens if plaque caused by Actinomyces viscosus is not removed
inflammation of gums
Nocardiosis is very difficult to remove all of it surgically because
it travels under skin in sinus tracts
does steroid administration make the patient more resistant or susceptible to Nocardiosis
more susceptible
slide of Actinomycetes
notice the branching and filaments
because Actinomycetes have a cell wall similar to bacteria, they are susceptible to
penicillin
out of pen G and Bactrim, what is the treatment of choice for Actinomycosis
penicillin G
while individuals with normal immune function can acquire nocardiosis
people on chronic steroid therapy, those with cancer, organ or bone marrow transplants, or HIV/AIDS are at risk
gingivitis can lead to
periodontitis
why is early diagnosis of Nocardiosis important
poor recovery after infection becomes systemic -about 50% death rate
Actinomycetes stain gram
positive
how does actinomyces viscosus attach to the enamel surface of teeth
production of pili and extracellular polysaccharides
Nocardia asteroides forms what type of colony
rough colony
respiratory infections of Nocardiosis may require cotrimazole or sulfadiazine for
several months -very uncommon to treat with antibiotics this long
abscesses caused by Nocardia asteroides would have
sinuses or granules
the extrapolysaccharides are
sticky
why must Actinomyces work its way into the gingival crevice
they are strict anaerobes -they need to be in a location with no oxygen
Actinomycetes can be called
thread bacteria
Streptomyces is the primary source of antibiotics used in
topical antibiotic creams
Actinomycetes causes what problems in the abdominal area
trauma of the intestine or abdominal wall
Actinomycetes are primary decomposers of
woody stems, newspapers, and bark
how is Actinomycosis diagnosed
-examine pus for white or yellow granules -gram stain -identify by immunofluorescence
pathogenesis of actinomycotic mycetoma, causes foot infection
1. entry through penetrating wound 2. disease is swelling, induration, pus 3. exit through draining of sinus tract
what percentage of soil is comprised of Actinomycetes
5%
what antibiotic treatment results in a more rapid cure for Actinomycosis
Bactrim -pen G is still treatment of choice
another infection caused by Actinomycetes is
Nocardiosis
Acitomycosis causes what types of problems with the thoracic region
aspiration into the lung -this is an extension of cervicofacial -it is hematogenous
what organism causes Nocardiosis
Nocardia asteroides and others
what type of Actinomycetes is most numerous
Streptomyces
what happens to lower jaw
abscess formation because sinus tracts reach the skin
a patient that has been infected by Nocardia asteroides can expect to have nodular
abscesses in skin and soft tissue
along with gram stain positive, Nocardiosis stains in what other form
acid-fast stain
as sinus tracts extend to deep muscle and bone, what can happen
actinomycetoma -can result in amputation
after damaged tissue from Actinomycosis is surgically removed,, what is the next step in treatment
antibiotics -penicillin G for 3-4 weeks or Bactrim
what is is called when acid erodes enamel surface
dental carie
what is periodontitis
destruction of the bone that supports teeth
what type of smell does Actinomycetes give off in compost
earthy smell
Actinomyces viscosus attach to what in the oral cavity
enamel surface