Actinomycetes

how is nocardiosis diagnosed

-microscope -culture -gram stain -biochemical tests

Actinomycosis causes what type of problems with the cervicofacial

-most common is lower jaw

what is the treatment for Nocardiosis

-surgical debridement -followed by cotrimazole or sulfadiazine

what is the main risk factor for nocardiosis

-weakened immune system -chronic lung disease

what organism causes dental plaque

Actinomyces viscosus

what happens when a person consumes sugar

Actinomyces viscosus metabolizes sugar and produces acid that erodes enamel surface

what infection is caused by Actinomyces israelii

Actinomycosis

Actinomycetes form fungi-like

bacteria

Actinomycetes is a large group of organisms that have characteristics of

bacteria and fungi

how does a patient get Nocardiosis

by inhalation or by the Nocardia asteroides being introduced to traumatized tissue

a culture of Actinomycetes would look

filamentous

what would treatment for Actinomycosis be

first, surgical debridement of damaged tissue

infections caused by Actinomycetes resemble

fungal diseases -difficult to eradicate

in the oral cavity, where does Actinomyces viscosus work its was in to

gingival crevice

inflammation of gums is called

gingivitis

Nocardiosis is gram

gram positive

what type of gram stain would Actinomycetes show

gram positive

what is found in microscopic appearance of Nocardiosis

granules and filaments

how would you culture Nocardiosis

grow on appropriate medium for 7-10 days

how are Actinomycetes like bacteria

have a procaryotic cell wall

Actinomycetes form branches or filaments called

hyphae

what type of patients does Nocardiosis affect

immunocompromisd patients

Actinomycetes causes what problems in the genital area

inflammation due to intrauterine devices

what happens if plaque caused by Actinomyces viscosus is not removed

inflammation of gums

Nocardiosis is very difficult to remove all of it surgically because

it travels under skin in sinus tracts

does steroid administration make the patient more resistant or susceptible to Nocardiosis

more susceptible

slide of Actinomycetes

notice the branching and filaments

because Actinomycetes have a cell wall similar to bacteria, they are susceptible to

penicillin

out of pen G and Bactrim, what is the treatment of choice for Actinomycosis

penicillin G

while individuals with normal immune function can acquire nocardiosis

people on chronic steroid therapy, those with cancer, organ or bone marrow transplants, or HIV/AIDS are at risk

gingivitis can lead to

periodontitis

why is early diagnosis of Nocardiosis important

poor recovery after infection becomes systemic -about 50% death rate

Actinomycetes stain gram

positive

how does actinomyces viscosus attach to the enamel surface of teeth

production of pili and extracellular polysaccharides

Nocardia asteroides forms what type of colony

rough colony

respiratory infections of Nocardiosis may require cotrimazole or sulfadiazine for

several months -very uncommon to treat with antibiotics this long

abscesses caused by Nocardia asteroides would have

sinuses or granules

the extrapolysaccharides are

sticky

why must Actinomyces work its way into the gingival crevice

they are strict anaerobes -they need to be in a location with no oxygen

Actinomycetes can be called

thread bacteria

Streptomyces is the primary source of antibiotics used in

topical antibiotic creams

Actinomycetes causes what problems in the abdominal area

trauma of the intestine or abdominal wall

Actinomycetes are primary decomposers of

woody stems, newspapers, and bark

how is Actinomycosis diagnosed

-examine pus for white or yellow granules -gram stain -identify by immunofluorescence

pathogenesis of actinomycotic mycetoma, causes foot infection

1. entry through penetrating wound 2. disease is swelling, induration, pus 3. exit through draining of sinus tract

what percentage of soil is comprised of Actinomycetes

5%

what antibiotic treatment results in a more rapid cure for Actinomycosis

Bactrim -pen G is still treatment of choice

another infection caused by Actinomycetes is

Nocardiosis

Acitomycosis causes what types of problems with the thoracic region

aspiration into the lung -this is an extension of cervicofacial -it is hematogenous

what organism causes Nocardiosis

Nocardia asteroides and others

what type of Actinomycetes is most numerous

Streptomyces

what happens to lower jaw

abscess formation because sinus tracts reach the skin

a patient that has been infected by Nocardia asteroides can expect to have nodular

abscesses in skin and soft tissue

along with gram stain positive, Nocardiosis stains in what other form

acid-fast stain

as sinus tracts extend to deep muscle and bone, what can happen

actinomycetoma -can result in amputation

after damaged tissue from Actinomycosis is surgically removed,, what is the next step in treatment

antibiotics -penicillin G for 3-4 weeks or Bactrim

what is is called when acid erodes enamel surface

dental carie

what is periodontitis

destruction of the bone that supports teeth

what type of smell does Actinomycetes give off in compost

earthy smell

Actinomyces viscosus attach to what in the oral cavity

enamel surface