ADN 125 Chapter 03: Health, Wellness, and Health Disparities

A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?

· Coronary artery disease

A teenaged client reports having diarrhea before every test in school. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to focus on which dimension of health?

· Emotional dimension

The nurse is planning care for several clients in an outpatient clinic. Which client requires follow-up care due to a chronic condition?

· A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is wheezing and coughing

What is the definition of wellness?

· An active state of being healthy

Which behaviors are necessary for a person to successfully adapt to a chronic illness? Select all that apply.

· Learn to live as normally as possible · Maintain a positive self-concept · Maintain a sense of hope

Which scenario is an example of a characteristic of Stage 2 of illness?

· A person tells his family that he is sick and allows family members to take care of him.

A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer. The client tells the nurse: "I don't know why this happened to me, but I'm ready to move on and do whatever I need to do to get healthy again." This client is in which stage of acute illness?

· Stage 3

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?

· Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet

A community health nurse arranges for a dentist to teach local children in the school district how to properly brush their teeth. Which goal will the nurse set for this event?

· health promotion

Illnesses defined as ___________ are the leading health problem in the world today.

Chronic

Diet, exercise, and weight loss are three examples of primary health promotion.

TRUE

A family history of cancer is considered a _______________ risk factor for illness.

nonmodifiable

illnesses usually have a slow onset and many have periods of ____________ (when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms).

remission

A person's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture are components of the _________________ human dimension.

sociocultural

Physical therapy after a stroke is an example of the ________________ level of preventive care.

tertiary

The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?

· "I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."

Which nursing activity reflects care given on the tertiary level of healthcare delivery?

· Assisting with transplant surgery

When caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness, the nurse understands the importance of promoting health by highlighting which concept?

· Focus on what is possible.

What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity?

· Health

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?

· Health belief model

Which is the most accurate definition of health?

· Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

· It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

Which nursing activity reflects secondary prevention?

· Making a referral for a mammogram

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

· Modifiable

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?

· Monitoring airway clearance.

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. What would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

· Personality characteristics

A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

· Primary

The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?

· Primary

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on car seat safety?

· Primary prevention

What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on carseat safety?

· Primary prevention

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

· Rehabilitation

The client is admitted with a gastrointestinal bleed. The physician ordered a colonoscopy. Which level of care encompasses this procedure?

· Secondary

Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?

· Secondary care

An example of a health disparity is the higher incidence of diabetes in the African American and Hispanic populations compared to the White population.

TRUE

Each person defines health in terms of one's own values and beliefs.

TRUE

A client makes a decision to quit smoking and joins a smoking cessation class. This is an example of which of Dunn's processes that helps one know who and what one is?

· Befitting

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

· Chronic illness

Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?

· Chronic illnesses are the leading

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

· Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?

· Exacerbation

Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.

· Family · Culture · Community · Society

Which client growth needs are included in the love and belonging level of Maslow's hierarchy? (Select all that apply.)

· Family · Intimacy · Friendships

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

· Instructing a client on how to use crutches

The nurse provided teaching to a client newly diagnosed with gout. Which behavior observed by the nurse indicates the client understood the teaching?

· Selects foods low in purine from the dinner menu

What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

· Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night · Eating regular healthy meals · Maintaining an ideal body weight

A client has been admitted to the hospital for treatment of pancreatitis secondary to alcoholism. The client states that it is nearly impossible to quit drinking because of the deep entrenchment of alcohol use in the client's circle of friends and line of work. As well, the client claims to have thought that drinking only beer and foregoing hard alcohol would prevent health problems. This client is exhibiting health consequences rooted in which human dimensions?

· Sociocultural and intellectual

Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?

· Sociocultural needs

A nurse is caring for a 17-year-old client whose left leg was amputated after being crushed in a motor vehicle accident. Which intervention might the nurse perform to address the client's intellectual dimension?

· Teaching her how to care for the stump and explaining the rehabilitation program

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

· Tertiary

The nurse is educating a client with diabetes on how to better control blood sugar levels and recognize the symptoms associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The client is frequently admitted to the hospital due to elevated blood sugars. This education is an example of which level of health promotion?

· Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

· Tertiary prevention

Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?

· The Agent-Host-Environment Model

A nurse observes that a client who has pneumonia is in the recovery and rehabilitation stage of the illness. Which statement describes the client response that the nurse would expect at this stage of the illness?

· The client gives up the dependent role.

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

· To help health care providers understand health-related behaviors.

When providing holistic care to a client, the nurse recognizes that which behaviors are necessary? Select all that apply.

· Understand and respect each person's definition of health. · Understand and respect each person's responses to illness.

A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:

· agent.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

· high-level wellness.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

· homeostasis.

The nurse instructor has completed a session detailing major factors differentiating exacerbations from remissions. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students point out which factor(s) can contribute to exacerbations? Select all that apply.

· immune system is functioning poorly · sleep has been disrupted due to family issues · client is facing a potential eviction

A nurse is providing care for client who experienced a stroke. Which nursing intervention reflects the tertiary level of prevention?

· provide care transition at discharge for speech therapy

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

· the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

Illness is a medical term meaning that there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind.

FALSE

The agent--host--environment model of health views health as a constantly changing state, with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a scale.

FALSE

A group of nurses is participating in a community health fair and is engaged in primary prevention activities. Which activities would these nurses be leading? Select all that apply.

· Family planning services · Accident prevention education · Heart-healthy nutrition services

When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:

· help them maintain independence.

Which definition of health is the best?

· Health is a state of complete well-being.

Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

· Are rarely curable · Require lifelong management · Have a prolonged course

health problem in the world. Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

· Are rarely curable · Require lifelong management · Have a prolonged course

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

· Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which promotional statement by the nurse would be the best example of a developmentally appropriate discussion?

· Use of condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancy.

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

· What people believe to be true about their health

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about the client's health beliefs based primarily on the client's:

· age and developmental stage.

A hospital nurse assesses clients in various stages of illness. Which statements accurately describe client responses to illness based on Suchman's stages of illness? Select all that apply.

· In stage 2, most people focus on their symptoms and bodily functions. · When help from a health care provider is sought, the person becomes a client and enters stage 3, assuming a dependent role. · In stage 1, pain is the most significant symptom indicating illness, although other symptoms, such as a rash, fever, bleeding, or cough, may be present.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital for the second time in 2 months with wheezing, dyspnea, and use of accessory muscles when breathing. Which type of situation does the nurse identify is occurring with this client?

· The client is having an exacerbation of the COPD.

The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?

· Secondary

A mammogram represents which level of prevention?

· Secondary prevention