PSYC - Chapter 1 PQ

Historians generally credit the emergence of psychology as a science to:

Wundt.

The research of Paul Broca:

demonstrated that mental processes are grounded in the activity of the brain.

Mariah is a teacher and believes that all her students have an inherent need to develop, grow, and reach their full potential. Mariah's beliefs are best characterized by which approach?

humanism

The term "patient" is to psychoanalysis as the term "client" is to:

humanism.

Gia is a 'flower child' living in the late 1960s. She is having some problems with depression and would like to talk to a therapist about realizing her full potential. She is MOST likely to resonate to which type of psychological therapy?

humanistic

Nature is to nurture as nativism is to

philosophical empiricism

Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience, an idea now known as :

philosophical empiricism

The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in psychology and in:

philosophy

Dr. Jones touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific character traits for the patient, for example, "This patient is cautious." Dr. Jones is engaging in:

phrenology.

The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:

physiology.

Descartes believed that the mind influences the body through the:

pineal gland.

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with:

the production of speech.

The major limitation of the works of the classical Greek philosophers to an understanding of human behavior is that:

these philosophers did not develop ways to test their theories.

The modern view that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain activity can be traced to which philosopher?

. Hobbes

The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of:

Aristotle

In his best-selling book, Beyond Freedom and Dignity, ________ argued that behavior is determined by its consequences and that free will is an illusion.

B. F. Skinner

Which psychologist is associated with the development of teaching machines that increase he difficulty of the next question if the previous one was answered correctly?

B.F. Skinner

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?

Behavioral Neuroscience

Lisa was thrown from her motorcycle, hitting her head on the pavement and damaging an area of her brain. She was able to understand what people said to her but was unable to speak to them. She probably damaged her:

Broca's area

Lisa was thrown from her motorcycle, hitting her head on the pavement and damaging an area of her brain. She was able to understand what people said to her but was unable to speak to them. She probably damaged her:

Broca's area.

According to Chomsky, which observation of language in children destroys a behavioral account?

Children can generate novel grammatically correct sentences.

Within psychology, psychoanalysis has its greatest influence on:

Clinical Practice

Brice travels to remote places and examines how the people live. He pays particular attention to their value and traditions. What type of psychologist is Brice?

Cultural

Values, traditions, and beliefs that are shared by a particular group are called:

Culture

The research of George Milller explains why Jeff has difficulty remembering:

The names of 12 people whom he was just introduced

Scott believes that the mind and body are fundamentally different from each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to those of:

Descartes

Scott believes that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the pineal gland. His beliefs are similar to those of:

Descartes.

Phrenology, a theory developed by ________, suggested that specific mental abilities and characteristics were located in specific regions of the brain.

Gall

Solomon Asch was a social psychologist whose research interests were shaped, in part, by the

Holocaust

Jaqueline reports she has become blind in her left eye, although there is no medical cause. A clinician in the late 1800s would diagnose her with

Hysteria

What technique did psychologists who studied structuralism use?

Introspection

Who was the first non-white president of the American Psychological Association.

Kenneth Clark

The defining feature of a "Hub Science" is a science that:

Links with and influences smaller subfields

Today, psychologists would agree with which of the following statements concerning mental processes?

Mental processes cease at death when the brain no longer functions.

Psychology is the scientific study of:

Mind and Behavior

Plato is to _________ as Aristotle is to ________.

Nativism; Philosophical Empiricism

According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Predict and control behavior

Dr. Cover studies the benefits and undesirable outcomes of stereotyping. Which area of psychology does her research BEST represent?

Social Psychology

Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to press a button when she hears a tone. The amount of time from the onset of the tone to the button press is termed a ____ time.

Reaction time

If you believe that the result of a study on conformity on college students in the United States may differ considerably had the study taken place among older adults in Asia, you are thinking like a cultural:

Relativist

When Tori's smart phone beeps, she checks it. Checking her phone at the sound of the beep is an example of

Response

The behaviorism of John Watson has been described as:

S-R psychology.

Who open the first psychological laboratory in North America?

Wilhem Wundt

Plato

Was interested in certain limbs of knowledge as being innate or inborn.

William james viewed consciousness as being similar to:

a flowing stream

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

arise from electrical and chemical activities off the brain.

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity is:

cognitive neuroscience.

The scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning, is called:

cognitive psychology.

The advent of ________ in the 1950s had an enormous conceptual impact on the development of cognitive psychology.

computers

Today, over 70% of individuals receiving their PhDs in psychology are:

females.

William James is to ________ as John Watson is to ________.

functionalism; behaviorism

Jeff thinks it would be beneficial for his employees to attend a seminar on how to become more productive at work. Which type of psychologist would conduct this seminar?

industrial/organizational psychologist

The problem of dualism refers to how:

mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behavior.

Psychology is the scientific study of

mind and behavior

Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, a theory known as

nativism

Plato is to _______ as Aristotle is to ______

nativism ; philosophical empiricism

The older position of nativism is reflected in current psychological views that emphasize the effect of _______ on behavior

nature

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Behavior refers to:

observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals

Gestalt psychologist believed that:

psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of parts

Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to remove her finger from the flame of a lighted match. Penny is studying what type of process?

reaction time

Hermann von Helmholtz is to ________ as Wilhelm Wundt is to ________.

reaction time; structuralism

When 4-year-old Isabel hears the sound of the ice cream truck's music, she runs outside in hopes of getting another ice cream bar. The ice cream bar is a:

reinforcement.

Lance notices that when he jogs with Cheryl, he runs faster than when he jogs by himself. Which psychological approach would best explain this behavior?

social psychology

Response is to stimulus as:

stopping the car is to a red traffic light.

Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing consciousness and the basic elements that constitute the mind, an approach he called:

structuralism.