Adolescent Psych (exam 1)
According to the textbook, the prevalence of adolescent smoking is a direct function of
The number of retail outlets selling tobacco in their immediate neighborhood
When researchers evaluated the social climate of today's schools to see just how much had changed since The Adolescent Society was published, what did they find?
The researchers concluded that there were both similarities and differences between the climate of today's "adolescent society" and the society described 60 years ago
When researchers evaluated the social climate of today's schools to see just how much had changed since The Adolescent Society was published, what did they find?
The researchers concluded that there were both similarities and differences between the climate of today's "adolescent society" and the society described 60 years ago.
According to the textbook, Julie, a seventeen-year-old living in a college dormitory, has noticed that her menstrual periods have begun to synchronize with _____, which is compelling evidence that social relationships can affect biological functioning.
The time her female roommate menstruates
Which of the following conditions is most likely to produce the most favorable and easiest adjustment to menarche?
When the girl knows the facts about the physical changes her body will undergo
Theresa has been known to go on eating binges and then purge immediately afterward. Theresa is probably suffering from
Bulimia
Who of the following is probably a child (and not an adolescent)?
Christine, someone who tends to think about things one aspect at a time
The most virulent threats to adolescent health come from all of the following, except
Chronic disabilities such as cancer
Typically, the social redefinition of young people occurs in groups of peers who are approximately the same age, known as
Cohorts
Which of the following is not one of the areas of fundamental change in adolescence?
Conceptual
Dr. Ramirez believes that the passage into adulthood is a gradual process in which the adolescent assumes the roles and status of adulthood bit by bit. This view is most closely associated with the
Continuous Transition
Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference?
Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents.
Given a choice, Mike would prefer to stay up until 1:00 a.m. and sleep until 10:00 a.m. This pattern is called the
Delayed Phase Preference
The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called
Hypothetical Thinking
Fifteen-year-old Hermione is able to write a much more complex answer than 10-year-old Ginger to the question, "Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using simple spells for self-protection." This is because, as an adolescent, Hermione is able to think:
In Multiple Dimension
Over the period of adolescence, individuals' perspectives change. Research indicates that one manifestation of this change in perspective is a(an) _____ in adolescents' willingness to lie to their parents.
Increase
Which of the following did not contribute to the redefinition of the term youth?
Increased materialism among college students
Which statement regarding increases in cognitive abilities is FALSE?
Increases in cognitive abilities are due to growth in the size of the brain
According to the textbook, puberty involves all of the following EXCEPT
Increases in intellectual functioning
Marcus feels like his parents don't care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Marcus's parents would be described best as fitting into which of Baumrind's parenting styles?
Indifferent
Which of the following statements is consistent with Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Individuals progress through stages based on biological readiness in addition to increasing environmental demands
Justin's parents try extremely hard (almost excessively) to control his choice of friends. What effect is this style of parenting likely to have on Justin?
Justin may become closer to the "forbidden" peers
During childhood, boys typically associate with boys, while girls primarily associate with other girls. This separation of boys and girls has been referred to as
Sex segregation
Which of the following statements about the impact of hormones on behavior is false?
The direct relation between adolescent moodiness and hormonal changes of puberty is extremely strong
As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that
their problematic relationship has existed since Alex's childhood.
As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that:
their problematic relationship has existed since Alex's childhood.
Compared to a child, an older adolescent is more likely to
think about the long-term consequences of their decisions
Early maturing boys are
(n Better prepared to deal with changes of adolescence)
Which of the following girls would probably be least susceptible to feelings of body dissatisfaction due to the rapid increase in body fat in early adolescence?
(n Diane, someone from a relatively affluent family)
All of the following are reasons that males have greater gains in strength than females during early adolescence, except
(n Strong societal pressures on girls to decrease their physical activity in adolescence)
Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?
(n face hair)
Online harassment is ________ in-person harassment.
(n. as common as)
Denise's parents have both been laid off from work and are unable to pay the bills. Denise's parents are likely to do all of the following, except
(n. become less nurturing toward Denise) begin using harsher and more inconsistent discipline than they had in the past?
Jennifer, who is 16, ran away with her friend Tonya, who is 18. The police, however, only arrested Jennifer for running away because for a minor, running away is considered
A Status Offense
Bickering and squabbling between teenagers and their parents is largely caused by
Adolescents' ability to formulate counterarguments
The stimulation by maturation of adrenal glands is called
Adrenche
Teenagers may become self-conscious because they believe that people are talking about them. Which characteristic are they exhibiting?
An Imaginary Audience
The simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and _________ stimulates rapid acceleration in height and weight during puberty.
Androgens
Karen has been known to exercise excessively, count calories, and diet obsessively. She is currently depriving herself of food even though she is 20 pounds underweight. Karen is probably suffering from
Anorexia Nervosa
The extreme skepticism observed in many adolescents is most likely a result of:
Seeing knowledge as relative rather than absolute
Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is
Greater in boys than girls
Today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ______ longer.
Puberty, School
Most research on adolescents' beliefs about rights and civil liberties comes from:
Studies of Western, middle-class youth
The first sign of puberty in girls is generally
Growth of Breasts
Of the following, the biggest threat to adolescents' health is
Risky Behaviors
According to some commentators, teenagers have become separate from adult society to such an extent that they have established their own society, which undermines parents' authority and emphasizes peer deviance. This society is called
Youth Culture
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause all of the following, EXCEPT
decreased risk-taking
By the end of high school, crowds:
become less important to adolescents
Dan, an adolescent, has more developed cognitive skills than his 6-year-old brother Timmy because Timmy's thinking is
In general, bound to what he can directly observe
According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, sports figures Babe Ruth, Michael Jordan, Kobe Bryant, and Michael Phelps are all considered above average in
Kinesthetic Intelligence
Professor Ngo is studying family transitions. According to family systems theory, he is most likely to see dramatic changes in family relationships during all of the following events, EXCEPT when:
Lack of change creates a sturdy, yet boring, family pattern
In addition to an increase in responsiveness to stress, changes in the _____ may also help explain why adolescents' concerns about what their peers think increase during this time.
Limbic System
According to the textbook, when compared to their less mature peers, adolescents who are physically mature are
More likely to be involved in cross-sex activities such as going out on dates
Of all the developments that take place during the second decade of life, the only one that is truly inevitable is
Puberty
The physical transformation from child to adult is called
Puberty
Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true?
Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children.
Puberty began for Nancy when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11 years. For her grandmother, the onset was at 13 years of age. These changes in the age of onset of puberty over time are referred to as:
Secular Trend
Jesse is in the seventh grade at a school that has open classrooms with multiple teachers instructing their classes in one large area. Which of the following cognitive processes will help Jesse focus on his teacher?
Selective Attention
Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as
Social Cognition
The chief determinant of popularity in high school is
Social Competence
Which of the following statements regarding divorce in America is TRUE?
Social support from relatives has been found to buffer the effects of living in a single-parent household
Greg is the star quarterback of the football team and hangs out with Larry, who is the star pitcher of the baseball team. Ben also hangs out with Larry and Greg. When classmates refer to Ben, they call him a member of the "jocks." The crowd with which Ben associates serves as
A clique
Steve eats lunch with Jeff, Hans, and Mike every day. After school, they play computer games and talk about girls. This group of boys is called
A clique
Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of
A personal fable
One finding that emerged from the competence to stand trial research described in the textbook was that
About 1/5 of 14- and 15-year-olds are not competent to stand trial
Piaget theorists believe that the use of _____ is the chief feature of adolescent thinking that differentiates it from the type of thinking employed by children.
Abstract Logical Thinking
Javier spends a great deal of time talking about relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, and morality with his friends, demonstrating his ability to think:
Abstractly
All of the following statements accurately reflect research on adolescent-sibling relationships, EXCEPT which one?
Adolescent-sibling relationships are characterized by a large increase in sibling rivalry.
Based on research addressing ethnic differences in the timing and rate of pubertal maturation, which American girl would be expected to be the earliest to mature?
Brandy, a middle-income Black adolescent
Dr. Goodrich believes that the passage into adulthood is a sudden change in which adult roles and statuses are abruptly assumed. This view is most closely associated with the
Discontinuous Transition
Which of the following is considered a shared environmental influence for siblings?
Family socioeconomic status
Up until about eight weeks after conception, the human brain is ______ until it is exposed to certain hormones.
Feminine
The adolescent growth spurt
Generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys
Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early-maturing peers, except
Greater athletic ability
John is a junior in high school. Although he is sociable, he feels very self-conscious. He feels as if everyone is evaluating him. David Elkind refers to this loss of perspective in adolescence as:
Imaginary Audience
Psychologist Jeffery Arnett has suggested that 18- to 25-year-olds are caught between adolescence and adulthood in "emerging adulthood," which is characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
The subjective feeling of emotional immaturity
Tamika and Theresa both live in single-parent households and survive on welfare. Tamika, however, lives in a better neighborhood than Theresa. According to community researchers, who is more likely to drop out of school or become pregnant?
Theresa
Which of the following is not true for adolescents who have been exposed to violence?
They are less likely to experience feelings of hopelessness
Which of the following is not part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system?
Thyroid hormones
The main reason that reactive aggression is associated with unpopularity and greater problems with peers is that reactive aggression is characterized by a combination of:
aggression and poor emotion regulation or lack of social skills
Changes requiring considerable adjustment for families with adolescents typically include all of the following, EXCEPT
differing expectations about family obligations
Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that
even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups
When siblings are treated differently by parents, research shows that they are likely to
get along better because they feel unique
Self-esteem is _____ among students who are identified with peer groups that have relatively high status in their school
higher
According to the textbook, one recent study of Mexican-American families found __________ rates of parent-adolescent conflict when the adolescent was relatively _____________________.
higher; more highly acculturated
Research assessing the effects of stepfamilies on children's adjustment suggests that over time:
if the remarriage lasts, gender differences in adjustment disappear
Mixed-sex cliques start becoming more prevalent during
middle adolescence
Which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation?
n Good nutrition
The growth of _____ during adolescence is directly related to an improved ability to think abstractly
n. Automatization (Social Cognition)
Which of the following is not thought to contribute to the onset of puberty?
the development of primary sex characteristics
Which of the following would not be considered an initiation ceremony?
Obtaining a drivers license
Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents?
How to wear his hair
Studies show that adolescent mood swings are most closely related to changes in
Activities
Tammy's father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, "I'm the father and I love you. I know what's best for you." Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style?
Authoritarian
Suzanne and Greg are the first members of their class to begin the pubertal transition. Based on what you know about early-maturing adolescents, Suzanne and Greg are more likely to
Be involved in illegal activites
Generalizing from the textbook, the children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature _____ and boys who mature _____.
Early, Late
Molly's breasts are beginning to develop, she is beginning to grow pubic hair, her skin is becoming more oily, and her body is growing rapidly. These changes are brought about by the secretion of _____ by the _____.
Estrogen and Androgens; Ovaries
Henry believes that the rise of adolescent peer groups has contributed to the rise of adolescent crime and drug use. Which of the following statements REFUTES this belief?
Even though society has continued to become increasingly age segregated, the rates of many adolescent problem behaviors have fluctuated considerably over past eras
Which of the following statements suggests that rising levels of the protein leptin is an important signal that tells the body it is ready for puberty?
Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty
Jeffrey Arnett, the psychologist who created the term emerging adulthood, believes that the developmental period between adolescence and adulthood (18-25 years of age)
Exists in very few cultures
According to Piaget, the period of cognitive development that is based on theoretical, abstract principles of logic is called
Formal Operations
The tensions that are often assumed to be inherent in the relations between adolescents and adults are referred to as the
Generation Gap
Which of the following was not offered by the textbook as an explanation for the sex differences in the impact of early and late maturation?
Genetic Makeup
The first sign of puberty in girls is generally
Growth of breasts
Which of the following sex characteristics is the first to develop in boys?
Growth of testes and scrotum
In America, early maturing girls are more likely than their late-maturing peers to
Have a more negative self image
Which of the following statements about hormonal changes of puberty is TRUE?
Hormonal changes affect the brain in ways that increase adolescents' desire for sensation seeking activities.
Which of the following statements about adolescent mood swings is false?
Hormones play a greater role in the development of depression than do stressful life events.
Dr. Davis is interested in how puberty affects adjustment. He studies a group of 100 junior high school students over the course of three years. He is conducting what kind of study?
Longitudinal
Which of the following girls will experience the greatest menstrual discomfort?
Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche
All of the following are aspects of metacognition, EXCEPT
Managing Thinking
The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called:
Metacognition
The identity crisis of adolescence may interact with the ________ in increasing family conflict.
Midlife crises of adults
Relocation studies that have randomly chosen poor families to either stay where they are living or move to a more advantaged neighborhood have found
Mixed Results
What thought process helps adolescents appreciate the sarcasm and satire of Family Guy and The Simpsons?
Multidimensional Thinking
Authoritative parents value all of the following, EXCEPT
Obedience
Which of the following statements about friendship stability is TRUE?
Only half of all reciprocated best friendships that exist at the beginning of the school year exist at the end.
The presence or absence of certain hormones early in life may "program" the brain and the nervous system to develop in certain ways later on. These hormones are considered
Organizational
When it comes to matters like religion, adolescents are more likely to be influenced by _____ over _____.
Parents, Friends
According to the textbook, what was the most effective way to reduce adolescent smoking?
Raising the price of cigarettes
During the first half of the 21st century, the adolescent population is expected to
Remain constant
The idea that an individual's behavior is influenced by other's expectations for them is a description of
Self-fulfilling
Which of the following is least likely to be affected by genetic factors?
Self-perception of scholastic competence
Changes in social definition will likely have profound effects on developments in the domains of
Sexuality, autonomy, achievement, and identity
Although Sarah's parents divorced seven years ago, the counselor at school attributes Sarah's poor school performance and delinquent behavior to the divorce. This counselor is probably referring to the:
Sleeper effect of divorce
The status of adolescents as full-time students arose as a result of
The Industrial Revolution
Which of the following statements about prenatal development is not true?
The amount of cortisol exposed to the fetus is directly linked to the timing and tempo of puberty.
Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is FALSE?
The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time.
Sarah is a junior high student anticipating and preparing for puberty. She wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until she looks and is considered an adult. What would you tell her?
The timing of puberty, as well as the rate with which it occurs, is highly variable and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
The belief that being on welfare has a negative impact on adolescents
is incorrect because there are few differences in the behavior, values, and family relationships between adolescents whose families are or are not on welfare
