CSD 417 Exam 2

the second mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: Blood spilling out into the __ where it __ ___ ___ causes damage

brain tissue / does not belong

what is an embolus

A mass traveling through the circulatory system that lodges in a blood vessel in the brain (a piece of it breaks off and travels)

hemorrhagic strokes usually occurs in those who

Have high blood pressure; Are engaged in high periods of physical activity; Have a history of hemorrhagic stroke; Experience alcohol abuse

an aneurysm can cause a

hemorrhagic stroke

The brain consumes __% of oxygen taken in by the body and can survive __ to __ minutes without oxygen.

20, six to eight

Intracerebral Hemorrhage occurs when

A blood vessel bursts within the brain itself

an ischemic stroke occurs when

A blood vessel in the brain is occluded (blood not getting into the brain because it is stopped)

**a hemorrhagic stroke occurs when

A blood vessel within the brain ruptures (blood vessel bursts); Blood spills into the brain; Deprives a part of the brain of blood flow

Thrombotic Stroke occurs when

A thrombus forms and Interrupts blood flow within the brain

what's a neoplasm

Abnormal growth of cells in the brain

what is aneurysm

Abnormal stretching or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel

what is hypertension

high blood pressure

what is a thrombus

An occlusion of blood vessel within the brain usually due to atheroscelerosis.

what is the subarachnoid space

Area between the layers of tissue that overlay and protect the cerebrum

a TBIs are common in what population

Common for children ages 4 years and under to sustain a TBI

the first mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: __ __ to a portion of the brain has been interrupted due to a __ ___ __

Blood supply /burst/broken blood vessel

Three mechanisms of damage may occur in hemorrhagic strokes

Blood supply to a portion of the brain has been interrupted due to a burst/broken blood vessel; Blood spilling out into the brain tissue where it does not belong causes damage; Intracranial pressure increases due to the continued release of blood into the brain or between the surface of the brain and the cranium

a stroke occurs when

Brain tissue is permanently destroyed or temporarily does not function due to decreased or absent blood supply to affected brain tissue

a primary tumor is

Brain tumor that originates in the brain

**what is an atheroscelerosis

Buildup of fatty materials that accumulates slowly on the walls of arteries; Narrows the arteries; May restrict blood supply to the artery puts you at risk for ischemic stroke (genetic/lifestyle factors)

infection can cause damage in

Can damage CNS and PNS

a stoke can occur in

Can occur within any area of the brain or brainstem

a secondary tumor is

Cancerous tumor that spread from another part of the body to the brain

what are benign brain tumors and how can they still affect the brain

Cannot spread to other parts of the body; Mass effect may occur

aneurysm usually occurs within

Circle of Willis

what is surgical trauma

Damage to brain tissue that may occur during surgery to the brain

what are Language and cognitive deficits are varied and complex in TBI

Depends on what areas of the brain were damaged and to what extent

what is an expressive language deficit

Difficulty in formulation or production of language

what is a receptive language deficit

Difficulty in the ability to derive meaning from language

aneurysm is due to

Disease or hereditary factors; Hypertension and atherosclerosis

do transient ischemic attack cause permanent damage

Does not cause permanent deficits unless TIAs are recurring

an embolic stroke occurs when

Embolus lodges within a blood vessel inside the brain and Cuts off blood circulation to a part of the brain

the third mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: __ __ increases due to the continued release of blood into the brain or between the surface of the brain and the cranium

Intracranial pressure

Onset of symptoms for ischemic stroke may be slow and may include:

Loss of strength/sensation on one side of bod, Problems with speech and language, Changes in vision and balance

**a transient ischemic attack may be a warning for

May be a warning sign of a larger oncoming stroke

symptoms of transient ischemic attack

Mild motor and cognitive deficits that go away after the blood clot is resolved

**symptoms of hemorrhagic strokes

Severe headache, nausea, and vomiting

symptoms of aneurysm

Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, seizures, loss of consciousness

**What is a transient ischemic attack?

Small ischemia in the brain that resolves itself within 24 hour

what are some Etiologies of neurogenic communication disorders

Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Surgical trauma Degenerative disorders Infectious diseases

what is a biopsy

Surgery to remove a piece of tissue for testing

**what is the Ischemic penumbra

Surrounds the ischemic core area of brain, not totally dead, but surrounds dead area that you can still work with (meds or rehab) - also is not functioning fully, it's weakened, but not totally dead

Language and cognitive deficits are varied and complex describes what

TBI

**what is tissue necrosis

The death of cells-- irreversible

three types of ischemic stroke

Thombotic, embolic, transient ischemic attack

a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage occurs when

There is a bleed between the surface of the cerebrum and the skull

what are malignant brain tumors

These brain tumors are brain cancer; Can grow and spread quickly to other body parts

what are some factors that increase likelihood of strokes

Tobacco use, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure

how is aphasia caused

Underlying medical cause of a symptom or deficit Damage to the CNS or PNS

"Clinician: Tell me about where you live. Client: Well, it's a meender place and it has two...two of them. For dreaming and pinding after supper. And up and down. Four of down and three of up. Clinician. What's the weather like today? Client: Fully under the jimjam and on the altigrabber." This sample is representative of what aphasia type

Wernicke's

aphasia is acquired/congenital

acquired

surgical trauma may result in

acquired speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing deficits

what do you usually not know about until later because of later arising symptoms

aneurysm

Clinician: Do you have children? Client: I have a son and 2 daughters. Clinician: Tell me about them. Client: My son...Paul, he works in a ...he works at...in the ...that thing...but not TV. At the ...I don't know...I know but, ...At the Register, the Register. It's a paper...a news...newspaper. Paul is a ...he goes out, and he talks to people. He does...he does...I guess you'd say he does interviews. People, you know. On the street and wherever... Clinician: Tell me what the word apple means. Client: Apple...apple...apple. Is that the word? Clinician: Yes. Apple. Client: You mean apple? A-P-P-L-E? [spells aloud] Clinician: Yes apple. A-P-P-L-E Client: I should know what it means, but I really don't... Clinician; Think about a fruit you might put in a pie. Client: Oh! Apple! It's round and red, and it grows on trees, and you put it in a pie! This sample is representative of what aphasia type

anomia

if something is benign does it have any affects

any time you have mass in brain that's not supposed to be there, there's a chance that it'll affect brain

which disorader is very aware of abilities and which is not always aware of severity of deficits

aphasia aware, dementia is not

an aneurysm is the __ phase of a hemorrhagic stroke

ballooning

with an ischemic stroke the part of brain that is deprived of __ __ dies within one hour

blood flow

"Uh...mother and dad...no...mother...and and disses...uh...running over ....and waduh...and floor...and they ...uh...wiping disses...and...uh...two kids...uh....stool...and cookie...cookie jar...uh...and uh...cabinet and stool...uh...tippin over...and...uh...bad...and somebody...uh...somebody gonna get huht. " This sample is representative of what aphasia type

broca's

what does malignant mean

cancerous

how does vocabulary compare in aphasia/dementia

carl still possessed semantic knowledge of vocabulary, just couldn't get it out while dementia - shrinking vocab

****what does CVA stand for

cerebrovascular accident

infection Impacts __ ___ and __ depending on site, nature, and damage of infection

cognition, motor, and language

what is anoxia

complete lack of oxygen to a cell

"Clinician: Now I want you to say some words after me. Say boy. Client: Boy Clinician: Home Client: Home Clinician: seventy-nine Client: Ninety-seven. No...seventy-sine...seventy-nice... Clinician: Let's try another one. Say refrigerator. Client: Frigilator...no. But how about...frerigilator...not...frigaliterlater...aaahh! I can't say it! Clinician: Circus. Client: It's a kriskus...No, that's not right, but it's near....Sirsis...No...This is very strange that I can't say this word...How about kirsis?....No...I'll have to bye that. Kriskus? For some reason I can't say it right now. But I'm close. Kirsis? No...I'll have to bye that because I can't think of the word. I can think of the word, but I can't say it. That's it. Kirsis? " This sample is representative of what aphasia type

conduction

what is the Idiopathic etiology

deficits or symptoms that are of an unknown or obscure origin

is reading easy with dementia or aphasia

easy with dementia, not aphasia

are symptoms for hemorrhagic strokes fast or slow

fast - very sudden

Ischemic core/infarct - location of the __ __ of __ within the brain following the ischemic stroke

focal damage of tissue

in the ischmeic penumbra, this area has too much blood lost to __, but is still receiving enough blood to __ __

function / stay alive

although some factors influence strokes, you could be extremely healthy and still have a stroke due to

genetics

how is the severity of a hemorrhagic stroke determined

how deep in the brain the blood occurs/goes

what type of hemorrhagic stroke is harder to survive

intracerebral hemorrhage

majority of strokes are what kind

ischemic

the time-restrictive medicine for strokes is only for which type of stroke

ischemic

When brain tissue dies,

it is reabsorbed by the body

the time-restrictive medicine for strokes is only for ischemic because

it's anti-coagulation/blood thinning medicine (not good for hemorrhagic)

expressive language deficit (aphasia) is due to

lesions at or near Broca's area

Lesions anywhere within anterior portion of left cerebral hemisphere may cause expressive deficits means what

lesions at or near broca's area - expressive lang deficit

aphasia is not the result of

motor, intellectual, or psychological impairment (only language impairments!!)

three types of brain tumors

neoplasm, primary tutor, secondary tutor

what does benign mean

non-cancerous

what is hypoxia

partial loss of oxygen to a cell

aphasia is an acquired deficit in the ability to

produce/comprehend written/spoken language due to damage to the brain

a neoplasm Serves no

purpose to the body

Damage to ischemic penumbra can be __ within two to four hours of __ __

reversed / medical attention

surgical trauma may also cause secondary

seizures, additional CVAs, infections, and increased intracranial pressure

what is a CVA also called

stroke

what the 3rd leading cause of death in U.S.

stroke

aphasia is most often caused by

strokes to left cerebral hemisphere

what is the most surface level hemorrhagic stroke

subarachnoid hemorrhage

how are malignant brain tumors treated

surgical removal and radiation

A thrombus can become an embolus if a piece of the __breaks off, travels, and lodges within a vessel to__ ___ ___ ___ __

thrombus / interrupt circulation within the brain.

Clinician: What did you do for a job? Client: Bakery Clinician: Can you tell me more? Client: Bakery, Minneapolis Upon Repetition with Clinician: Before I had my stroke I worked in a bakery in Minneapolis, Minnesota This sample is representative of what aphasia type

transcortical motor

Clinician: Does the sun rise in the west? Client: Does the sun rise in the west? The sun rises in the west...in the west...the sun rises...Yes...I think the sun does rise in the west...yes the sun rises in the west. This sample is representative of what aphasia type

transcortical sensory

**what's the mini stroke

transient ischemic attack

what TIA stand for

transient ischemic attack

infection may be what 4 things

viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic

does stroke affect more men or women

women

in aphasia, spoken language often mirrors __ __

written language