CSD 417 Exam 2
the second mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: Blood spilling out into the __ where it __ ___ ___ causes damage
brain tissue / does not belong
what is an embolus
A mass traveling through the circulatory system that lodges in a blood vessel in the brain (a piece of it breaks off and travels)
hemorrhagic strokes usually occurs in those who
Have high blood pressure; Are engaged in high periods of physical activity; Have a history of hemorrhagic stroke; Experience alcohol abuse
an aneurysm can cause a
hemorrhagic stroke
The brain consumes __% of oxygen taken in by the body and can survive __ to __ minutes without oxygen.
20, six to eight
Intracerebral Hemorrhage occurs when
A blood vessel bursts within the brain itself
an ischemic stroke occurs when
A blood vessel in the brain is occluded (blood not getting into the brain because it is stopped)
**a hemorrhagic stroke occurs when
A blood vessel within the brain ruptures (blood vessel bursts); Blood spills into the brain; Deprives a part of the brain of blood flow
Thrombotic Stroke occurs when
A thrombus forms and Interrupts blood flow within the brain
what's a neoplasm
Abnormal growth of cells in the brain
what is aneurysm
Abnormal stretching or ballooning out of the wall of a blood vessel
what is hypertension
high blood pressure
what is a thrombus
An occlusion of blood vessel within the brain usually due to atheroscelerosis.
what is the subarachnoid space
Area between the layers of tissue that overlay and protect the cerebrum
a TBIs are common in what population
Common for children ages 4 years and under to sustain a TBI
the first mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: __ __ to a portion of the brain has been interrupted due to a __ ___ __
Blood supply /burst/broken blood vessel
Three mechanisms of damage may occur in hemorrhagic strokes
Blood supply to a portion of the brain has been interrupted due to a burst/broken blood vessel; Blood spilling out into the brain tissue where it does not belong causes damage; Intracranial pressure increases due to the continued release of blood into the brain or between the surface of the brain and the cranium
a stroke occurs when
Brain tissue is permanently destroyed or temporarily does not function due to decreased or absent blood supply to affected brain tissue
a primary tumor is
Brain tumor that originates in the brain
**what is an atheroscelerosis
Buildup of fatty materials that accumulates slowly on the walls of arteries; Narrows the arteries; May restrict blood supply to the artery puts you at risk for ischemic stroke (genetic/lifestyle factors)
infection can cause damage in
Can damage CNS and PNS
a stoke can occur in
Can occur within any area of the brain or brainstem
a secondary tumor is
Cancerous tumor that spread from another part of the body to the brain
what are benign brain tumors and how can they still affect the brain
Cannot spread to other parts of the body; Mass effect may occur
aneurysm usually occurs within
Circle of Willis
what is surgical trauma
Damage to brain tissue that may occur during surgery to the brain
what are Language and cognitive deficits are varied and complex in TBI
Depends on what areas of the brain were damaged and to what extent
what is an expressive language deficit
Difficulty in formulation or production of language
what is a receptive language deficit
Difficulty in the ability to derive meaning from language
aneurysm is due to
Disease or hereditary factors; Hypertension and atherosclerosis
do transient ischemic attack cause permanent damage
Does not cause permanent deficits unless TIAs are recurring
an embolic stroke occurs when
Embolus lodges within a blood vessel inside the brain and Cuts off blood circulation to a part of the brain
the third mechanism of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke is: __ __ increases due to the continued release of blood into the brain or between the surface of the brain and the cranium
Intracranial pressure
Onset of symptoms for ischemic stroke may be slow and may include:
Loss of strength/sensation on one side of bod, Problems with speech and language, Changes in vision and balance
**a transient ischemic attack may be a warning for
May be a warning sign of a larger oncoming stroke
symptoms of transient ischemic attack
Mild motor and cognitive deficits that go away after the blood clot is resolved
**symptoms of hemorrhagic strokes
Severe headache, nausea, and vomiting
symptoms of aneurysm
Severe headache, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, seizures, loss of consciousness
**What is a transient ischemic attack?
Small ischemia in the brain that resolves itself within 24 hour
what are some Etiologies of neurogenic communication disorders
Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Surgical trauma Degenerative disorders Infectious diseases
what is a biopsy
Surgery to remove a piece of tissue for testing
**what is the Ischemic penumbra
Surrounds the ischemic core area of brain, not totally dead, but surrounds dead area that you can still work with (meds or rehab) - also is not functioning fully, it's weakened, but not totally dead
Language and cognitive deficits are varied and complex describes what
TBI
**what is tissue necrosis
The death of cells-- irreversible
three types of ischemic stroke
Thombotic, embolic, transient ischemic attack
a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage occurs when
There is a bleed between the surface of the cerebrum and the skull
what are malignant brain tumors
These brain tumors are brain cancer; Can grow and spread quickly to other body parts
what are some factors that increase likelihood of strokes
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure
how is aphasia caused
Underlying medical cause of a symptom or deficit Damage to the CNS or PNS
"Clinician: Tell me about where you live. Client: Well, it's a meender place and it has two...two of them. For dreaming and pinding after supper. And up and down. Four of down and three of up. Clinician. What's the weather like today? Client: Fully under the jimjam and on the altigrabber." This sample is representative of what aphasia type
Wernicke's
aphasia is acquired/congenital
acquired
surgical trauma may result in
acquired speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing deficits
what do you usually not know about until later because of later arising symptoms
aneurysm
Clinician: Do you have children? Client: I have a son and 2 daughters. Clinician: Tell me about them. Client: My son...Paul, he works in a ...he works at...in the ...that thing...but not TV. At the ...I don't know...I know but, ...At the Register, the Register. It's a paper...a news...newspaper. Paul is a ...he goes out, and he talks to people. He does...he does...I guess you'd say he does interviews. People, you know. On the street and wherever... Clinician: Tell me what the word apple means. Client: Apple...apple...apple. Is that the word? Clinician: Yes. Apple. Client: You mean apple? A-P-P-L-E? [spells aloud] Clinician: Yes apple. A-P-P-L-E Client: I should know what it means, but I really don't... Clinician; Think about a fruit you might put in a pie. Client: Oh! Apple! It's round and red, and it grows on trees, and you put it in a pie! This sample is representative of what aphasia type
anomia
if something is benign does it have any affects
any time you have mass in brain that's not supposed to be there, there's a chance that it'll affect brain
which disorader is very aware of abilities and which is not always aware of severity of deficits
aphasia aware, dementia is not
an aneurysm is the __ phase of a hemorrhagic stroke
ballooning
with an ischemic stroke the part of brain that is deprived of __ __ dies within one hour
blood flow
"Uh...mother and dad...no...mother...and and disses...uh...running over ....and waduh...and floor...and they ...uh...wiping disses...and...uh...two kids...uh....stool...and cookie...cookie jar...uh...and uh...cabinet and stool...uh...tippin over...and...uh...bad...and somebody...uh...somebody gonna get huht. " This sample is representative of what aphasia type
broca's
what does malignant mean
cancerous
how does vocabulary compare in aphasia/dementia
carl still possessed semantic knowledge of vocabulary, just couldn't get it out while dementia - shrinking vocab
****what does CVA stand for
cerebrovascular accident
infection Impacts __ ___ and __ depending on site, nature, and damage of infection
cognition, motor, and language
what is anoxia
complete lack of oxygen to a cell
"Clinician: Now I want you to say some words after me. Say boy. Client: Boy Clinician: Home Client: Home Clinician: seventy-nine Client: Ninety-seven. No...seventy-sine...seventy-nice... Clinician: Let's try another one. Say refrigerator. Client: Frigilator...no. But how about...frerigilator...not...frigaliterlater...aaahh! I can't say it! Clinician: Circus. Client: It's a kriskus...No, that's not right, but it's near....Sirsis...No...This is very strange that I can't say this word...How about kirsis?....No...I'll have to bye that. Kriskus? For some reason I can't say it right now. But I'm close. Kirsis? No...I'll have to bye that because I can't think of the word. I can think of the word, but I can't say it. That's it. Kirsis? " This sample is representative of what aphasia type
conduction
what is the Idiopathic etiology
deficits or symptoms that are of an unknown or obscure origin
is reading easy with dementia or aphasia
easy with dementia, not aphasia
are symptoms for hemorrhagic strokes fast or slow
fast - very sudden
Ischemic core/infarct - location of the __ __ of __ within the brain following the ischemic stroke
focal damage of tissue
in the ischmeic penumbra, this area has too much blood lost to __, but is still receiving enough blood to __ __
function / stay alive
although some factors influence strokes, you could be extremely healthy and still have a stroke due to
genetics
how is the severity of a hemorrhagic stroke determined
how deep in the brain the blood occurs/goes
what type of hemorrhagic stroke is harder to survive
intracerebral hemorrhage
majority of strokes are what kind
ischemic
the time-restrictive medicine for strokes is only for which type of stroke
ischemic
When brain tissue dies,
it is reabsorbed by the body
the time-restrictive medicine for strokes is only for ischemic because
it's anti-coagulation/blood thinning medicine (not good for hemorrhagic)
expressive language deficit (aphasia) is due to
lesions at or near Broca's area
Lesions anywhere within anterior portion of left cerebral hemisphere may cause expressive deficits means what
lesions at or near broca's area - expressive lang deficit
aphasia is not the result of
motor, intellectual, or psychological impairment (only language impairments!!)
three types of brain tumors
neoplasm, primary tutor, secondary tutor
what does benign mean
non-cancerous
what is hypoxia
partial loss of oxygen to a cell
aphasia is an acquired deficit in the ability to
produce/comprehend written/spoken language due to damage to the brain
a neoplasm Serves no
purpose to the body
Damage to ischemic penumbra can be __ within two to four hours of __ __
reversed / medical attention
surgical trauma may also cause secondary
seizures, additional CVAs, infections, and increased intracranial pressure
what is a CVA also called
stroke
what the 3rd leading cause of death in U.S.
stroke
aphasia is most often caused by
strokes to left cerebral hemisphere
what is the most surface level hemorrhagic stroke
subarachnoid hemorrhage
how are malignant brain tumors treated
surgical removal and radiation
A thrombus can become an embolus if a piece of the __breaks off, travels, and lodges within a vessel to__ ___ ___ ___ __
thrombus / interrupt circulation within the brain.
Clinician: What did you do for a job? Client: Bakery Clinician: Can you tell me more? Client: Bakery, Minneapolis Upon Repetition with Clinician: Before I had my stroke I worked in a bakery in Minneapolis, Minnesota This sample is representative of what aphasia type
transcortical motor
Clinician: Does the sun rise in the west? Client: Does the sun rise in the west? The sun rises in the west...in the west...the sun rises...Yes...I think the sun does rise in the west...yes the sun rises in the west. This sample is representative of what aphasia type
transcortical sensory
**what's the mini stroke
transient ischemic attack
what TIA stand for
transient ischemic attack
infection may be what 4 things
viral, fungal, bacterial, parasitic
does stroke affect more men or women
women
in aphasia, spoken language often mirrors __ __
written language