Adult Health Ch. 33
A client with pernicious anemia is receiving parenteral vitamin B12 therapy. Which client statement indicates effective teaching about this therapy?
"I will receive parenteral vitamin B12 therapy for the rest of my life."
A clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is orienting a new graduate registered nurse to an oncology unit where blood product transfusions are frequently administered. In discussing ABO compatibility, the CNS presents several hypothetical scenarios. The new graduate knows that the greatest likelihood of an acute hemolytic reaction would occur when giving:
A-positive blood to an A-negative client.
When teaching a client with iron deficiency anemia about appropriate food choices, the nurse encourages the client to increase the dietary intake of which foods?
Beans, dried fruits, and leafy, green vegetables
A client reports feeling tired, cold, and short of breath at times. Assessment reveals tachycardia and reduced energy. What would the nurse expect the physician to order?
CBC
A client with multiple myeloma reports pain along the spinal column. The client is prescribed naproxen (Aleve) and oxycodone. Prior to administering these medications, the nurse
Checks the client's BUN and creatinine
A client admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, anemia, and bloody stools reports feeling weak and dizzy. The client has rectal pressure and needs to urinate and move their bowels. The nurse should help them:
onto the bedpan.
A nurse is caring for a client with thalassemia who is being transfused. What is the nurse's role during a transfusion?
To closely monitor the rate of administration
The nurse is caring for a client with external bleeding. What is the nurse's priority intervention?
Direct pressure
A patient has a probable diagnosis of polycythemia vera. The nurse reviews the patient's lab work for which diagnostic indicator?
Hematocrit of 60%
A patient with End Stage Kidney Disease is taking recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia. What laboratory study does the nurse understand will have to be assessed at least monthly related to this medication?
Hemoglobin level
The nurse is performing an assessment for a client with anemia admitted to the hospital to have blood transfusions administered. Why would the nurse need to include a nutritional assessment for this patient?
It may indicate deficiencies in essential nutrients.
A client admitted to the hospital in preparation for a splenectomy to treat autoimmune hemolytic anemia asks the nurse about the benefits of splenectomy. Which statement best explains the expected effect of splenectomy?
It will remove the major site of red blood cell (RBC) destruction.
During the review of morning laboratory values for a client reporting severe fatigue and a red, swollen tongue, the nurse suspects chronic, severe iron deficiency anemia based on which finding?
Low ferritin level concentration
The nurse is preparing the patient for a test to determine the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient will receive a small oral dose of radioactive vitamin B12 followed by a large parenteral dose of nonradioactive vitamin B12. What test is the patient being prepared for?
Schilling test
Which type of hemolytic anemia is categorized as inherited disorder?
Sickle cell anemia
A client with megaloblastic anemia reports mouth and tongue soreness. What instruction will the nurse give the client regarding eating while managing the client's symptoms?
"Eat small amounts of bland, soft foods frequently."
The nurse is collecting data for a client who has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. What subjective findings does the nurse recognize as symptoms related to this type of anemia?
"I have difficulty breathing when walking 30 feet."
A client has pernicious anemia and has been receiving treatment for several years. Which symptom may be confused with another condition in older adults?
dementia
Parents arrive to the clinic with their young child and inform the nurse the child has just been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents ask the nurse how this could have happened and which one of them is the carrier. What is the best response by the nurse?
"The child must inherit two defective genes, one from each parent."
A few minutes after beginning a blood transfusion, a nurse notes that a client has chills, dyspnea, and urticaria. The nurse reports this to the health care provider immediately because the client probably is experiencing which problem?
A hemolytic allergic reaction caused by an antigen reaction
A client is hospitalized 3 days prior to a total hip arthroplasty and reports a high level of pain with ambulation. The client has been taking warfarin at home, which is now discontinued. To prevent the formation of blood clots, which action should the nurse take?
Administer the prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox).
A client with sickle cell crisis is admitted to the hospital in severe pain. While caring for the client during the crisis, which is the priority nursing intervention?
Administering and evaluating the effectiveness of opioid analgesics
Which of the following is the most common hematologic condition affecting elderly patients
Anemia
A client comes to the walk-in clinic reporting weakness and fatigue. While assessing this client, the nurse finds evidence of petechiae and ecchymoses and notes that the spleen appears enlarged. What would the nurse suspect is wrong with this client?
Aplastic anemia
A nurse cares for a client with anemia requiring nutritional supplementation. Which nursing intervention best promotes client adherence with the prescribed therapy?
Assist the client to incorporate the therapeutic regimen into daily activities.
A male client has been receiving a continuous infusion of weight-based heparin for more than 4 days. The client's PTT is at a level that requires an increase of heparin by 100 units per hour. The client has the laboratory findings shown above. What is the most important action for the nurse to take?
Consult with the physician about discontinuing heparin.
Place the pathophysiological processes in order for how sickle cell disease leads to fatigue.
Decreased hemoglobin in RBC Inflamed vascular endothelium Increased inflammatory cytokines Decreased muscle strength
A patient with chronic renal failure is examined by the health care provider for anemia. Which laboratory results will the nurse monitor?
Decreased level of erythropoietin
The nurse is educating a patient with iron deficiency anemia about food sources high in iron and how to enhance the absorption of iron when eating these foods. What can the nurse inform the client would enhance the absorption?
Eating calf's liver with a glass of orange juice
Which of the following are assessment findings associated with thrombocytopenia? Select all that apply.
Epistaxis Hematemesis Bleeding gums
A nurse is caring for a client with iron deficiency anemia. Which food or beverage will the nurse suggest to the client to eat or drink when taking supplemental iron?
Orange juice
A nurse is caring for a client admitted with pernicious anemia. Which set of findings should the nurse expect when assessing the client?
Pallor, tachycardia, and a sore tongue
Which term refers to an abnormal decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?
Pancytopenia
A client awaiting a bone marrow aspiration asks the nurse to explain where on the body the procedure will take place. What body part does the nurse identify for the client?
Posterior iliac crest
A client is prescribed 325 mg/day of oral ferrous sulfate. What does the nurse include in client teaching?
Take 1 hour before breakfast
A client with chronic anemia has received multiple transfusions. Which client action would the nurse be concerned about relative to the client's condition?
Takes over-the-counter iron supplements
When evaluating a patient's symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of leukemia, the nurse is aware that all leukemias have which common feature?
Unregulated accumulation of white cells in the bone marrow, which replace normal marrow elements
A client is seen in the emergency department with severe pain related to a sickle cell crisis. What does the nurse understand is occurring with this client?
Vascular occlusion in small vessels decreasing blood and oxygen to the tissues.
During preparation for bowel surgery, a client receives an antibiotic to reduce intestinal bacteria. The nurse knows that hypoprothrombinemia may occur as a result of antibiotic therapy interfering with synthesis of which vitamin?
Vitamin K
Which medication is the antidote to warfarin?
Vitamin K
A client is brought to the ED reporting fatigue, large amounts of bruising on the extremities, and abdominal pain localized in the left upper quadrant. A health history reveals the client has been treated for a sore throat three times in the past 2 months. Laboratory tests indicate severe anemia, significant neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Based on the symptoms, what could be the client's diagnosis?
Aplastic anemia
A nurse caring for a client who has hemophilia is getting ready to take the client's vital signs. What should the nurse do before taking a blood pressure?
Ask if taking a blood pressure has ever produced bleeding under the skin or in the arm joints.
A client in end-stage renal disease is prescribed epoetin alfa and oral iron supplements. Before administering the next dose of epoetin alfa and oral iron supplement, what is the priority action taken by the nurse?
Assesses the hemoglobin level
The nurse is planning care for a client with severe fatigue secondary to anemia. What concept will the nurse use as the basis for planning interventions?
Assisting in prioritizing activities.
A patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has developed anemia. What laboratory finding does the nurse understand to be significant in this stage of anemia?
Creatinine level of 6 mg/100 mL
You are caring for a 13-year-old diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. The client asks you what they can do to help prevent sickle cell crisis. What would be an appropriate answer to this client?
Drink at least 8 glasses of water every day.
A client with anemia has been admitted to the medical-surgical unit. Which assessment findings are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?
Dyspnea, tachycardia, and pallor
The nurse, caring for a client in the emergency room with a severe nosebleed, becomes concerned when the client asks for a bedpan. The nurse documents the stool as loose, tarry, and black looking. The nurse suspects the client may have thrombocytopenia. What should be the nurse's priority action?
Notify the physician
A client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus comes to the emergency department with severe back pain. The client is taking prednisone daily and reported feeling pain after manually opening the garage door. What adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy is most likely responsible for the pain?
Osteoporosis
A pregnant woman is hospitalized as the result of sickle-cell crisis. Which finding indicates the outcome has been achieved for this client?
Reports joint pain less than 3 on a scale of 0 to 10
A nurse is doing a physical examination of a child with sickle cell anemia. When the child asks why the nurse auscultates the lungs and heart, what would be best the response by the nurse?
To detect the abnormal sounds suggestive of acute chest syndrome and heart failure
A nurse is caring for a client with thrombocytopenia. What is the best way to protect this client?
Use the smallest needle possible for injections.
A young client is diagnosed with a mild form of hemophilia and is experiencing bleeding in the joints with pain. In preparing the client for discharge, what instructions should the nurse provide?
Wear a medical identification bracelet.
A nurse cares for clients with hematological disorders and notes that women are diagnosed with hemochromatosis at a much lower rate than men. What is the primary reason for this?
Women lose iron through menstrual cycles
A client has a history of sickle cell anemia with several sickle cell crises over the past 10 years. What blood component results in sickle cell anemia?
hemoglobin S
A client is found to have a low hemoglobin and hematocrit when laboratory work was performed. What does the nurse understand the anemia may have resulted from? Select all that apply.
Blood loss Destruction of normally formed red blood cells Abnormal erythrocyte production
A client with severe anemia reports symptoms of tachycardia, palpitations, exertional dyspnea, cool extremities, and dizziness with ambulation. Laboratory test results reveal low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Based on the assessment data, which nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this client?
Ineffective tissue perfusion related to inadequate hemoglobin and hematocrit
The nurse observes a co-worker who always seems to be eating a cup of ice. The nurse encourages the co-worker to have an examination and diagnostic workup with the health care provider. What type of anemia is the nurse concerned the co-worker may have?
Iron deficiency anemia
A nurse assesses a client diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia. Which clinical findings will the nurse most likely find? Select all that apply.
Jaundice Ulcerated corners of the mouth Concave nails
A client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia comes to the clinic complaining of numbness and tingling in his arms and legs. What do these symptoms indicate?
Neurologic involvement
While monitoring a client for the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse should take note of which assessment parameters?
Platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time
A client is treated for anemia. What is the nurse's best understanding about the correlation between anemia and the client's iron stores?
There is a strong correlation between iron stores and hemoglobin levels.