Adult Health- chp 41

A female client is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Which action will reduce the client's risk?

Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines Performing weight-bearing exercise increases bone health

Risk factors for osteoporosis

Some of the risk factors for osteoporosis are being a small-framed, thin White or Asian woman; being postmenopausal; family history; inactivity; chronic low calcium intake; and excessive caffeine or tobacco use.

An older woman's X-rays reveal a diagnosis of osteoporosis. The nurse advises the woman that the radiolucency seen in the bones indicates a minimal level of demineralization of which percentage?

25% Demineralization seen on X-rays occurs when bone loss of 25% to 40% occurs.

Which of the following is the first-line medication that would be used to treat and prevent osteoporosis?

Bisphosphonates Bisphosphonates, along with calcium and vitamin D supplements, are the first-line medications given to prevent/treat osteoporosis. T

Which of the following inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation?

Calcitonin

Which group is at the greatest risk for osteoporosis?

Caucasian women

The nurse is asked to explain to the client the age-related processes that contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis. What is the nurse's best response?

Decrease in estrogen Age related processes that contribute to loss of bone mass and osteoporosis are decreases in estrogen, calcitonin, and vitamin D and an increase in parathyroid hormone.

The nurse is planning an education program for women of childbearing years. What does the nurse recognize as the primary prevention of osteoporosis?

Ensuring adequate calcium and vitamin D intake

A client visits an orthopedic specialist because of pain beginning in the low back and radiating behind the right thigh and down below the right knee. The doctor suspects a diagnosis of sciatica. The nurse knows that the origin of the pain is between which intervertebral disks?

L4, L5, and S1 The lower lumbar disks, L4-L5 and L5-S1, are subject to the greatest mechanical stress and the greatest degenerative changes. Disk protrusion (herniated nucleus pulposus) or facet joint changes can cause pressure on nerve roots as they leave the spinal canal, which results in pain that radiates along the nerve.

The nurse is educating the patient with low back pain about the proper way to lift objects. What muscle should the nurse encourage the patient to maximize?

Quadriceps

A patient is having low back pain. What position can the nurse suggest to relieve this discomfort?

Supine, with the knees slightly flexed and the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees

A nurse is teaching a client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct?

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods.

A client with a musculoskeletal injury is instructed to alter the diet. The objective of altering the diet is to facilitate the absorption of calcium from food and supplements. Considering the food intake objective, which food item should the nurse encourage the client to include in the diet?

Vitamin D-fortified milk The nurse should advise the client to include dietary sources of vitamin D, such as fatty fish, vitamin D-fortified milk, and cereals. These foods protect against bone loss and decrease the risk of fracture by facilitating the absorption of calcium from food and supplements.

The nurse is educating a client with low back pain on proper lifting techniques. The nurse recognizes that the education was effective when the client

places the load close to the body.