Adult Psych Chapter 5
The short-term memory store:
-holds information for up to 30 seconds -can hold approximately 7 unchunked units of information -will displace items when new ones enter the store
Remembering when, or in which order, things actually occurred _________.
-is a noncontent attribute of episodic memory -is especially difficult when there is damage to the frontal lobe area of the brain -shows age-related deficit when individuals must reconstruct an order exactly
When it comes to memory, one theory is that older adults have a production deficiency. Which statement most accurately describes what is meant by this term?
Older adults do not encode elaboratively on their own, but they are able to when they are given guidance and instructions on how to do so.
Which of the following would not be considered a noncontent attribute of memory?
Remembering the name of someone you happen to meet in the mall.
Which memory store is difficult to study because of its fleeting nature?
Sensory store
Older adults often claim that their memory is not as good as it used to be.
True
The hippocampus of the brain generally shows some shrinkage with age. Which of the following has been shown to have some benefit as far as minimizing and in some cases even reversing hippocampal shrinkage?
a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program
The method of loci is:
a technique for trying to remember things by mentally placing them in various locations in a familiar environment
Jean has difficulty remembering whether she actually turned off the stove or whether she only thought about doing it. This is a type of ______ on which there is ______.
activity memory; evidence for age-related decline
In which of the following age intervals would the reminiscence bump be most likely to occur?
ages 10-30
Metamemory is:
an inherent understanding of how the memory system works
Items of information in the long-term memory store:
are not always in our conscious awareness
Older adults who do poorly on tests of explicit memory often __________ on tests of implicit memory.
do better
Remembering the name of a movie that you saw last weekend would be considered an example of:
episodic memory
which type of memory shows the greatest evidence for age-related decline?
episodic memory
Writing reminders on a calendar is an example of an:
external mnemonic
taking a list of items to the grocery store so you will remember what to buy is an:
external mnemonic technique
Older adults that complain about their memory always have poor scores on objective memory tests.
false
Tess has difficulty remembering names when she is introduced to new people. The best advice for helping her improve her memory in this kind of situation would be to tell her she should repeat the new person's name over and over in her head.
false
Memory that occurs without a person's awareness that something has been learned or remembered is:
implicit memory
A technique often taught in memory training classes is to use visual imagery. This is an example of an
internal mnemonic
John has difficulty remembering names when he is introduced to people, so he tries to associate a person's name with some aspect of the person's facial features. This is an example of an
internal mnemonic technique
Young adults' memory failures are attributed to ______; older adults' memory failures are attributed to ____________.
internal stable factors; internal unstable factors
poor health
is associated with poor memory
Procedural memory:
is often demonstrated in motor skills such as riding a bicycle
Working memory:
is similar to a mental scratch pad
Remote memory
is something that older adults claim holds up very well
When a young woman forgets where she put her keys, her forgetting is attributed to _____; when an older woman forgets where she put her keys, her forgetting is attributed to _______.
lack of effort; poor memory ability
Sue is confident that if she studies a grocery list for 2 minutes, she will remember to buy all the items on it even if she leaves her list at home. Sue's belief that she will be able to do this is an example of:
memory self-efficacy
Compared to younger adults, older adults are ___________ susceptible to false memories (for example, remembering a specific word was on the list of words they studied when really it was not there).
more
The reminiscence bump refers to a phenomenon whereby:
older adults have the best and most vivid memory for events that occurred in their adolescent and early adulthood years
Items of information in the long-term store will be easier to remember if they are ________.
organized into meaningful categories
Remembering to do something at a specific future point in time (such as remembering to mail a letter, pay a bill, or make a phone call) is an example of:
prospective memory
Recognition tests:
provide more retrieval support than recall tests do
On which type of memory test would there be the greatest age-related differences?
recall
Preparing information for entry into the long-term store is:
retrieval
Recognition memory tests minimize the importance of_______. Performance on recognition tests shows ________ age-related decline compared to performance on recall tests.
retrieval; less
Knowing that broccoli is a kind of vegetable is an example of:
semantic memory
The type of memory in the long-term store that includes general world knowledge is _______ and it ________.
semantic memory; remains intact with increasing age.
Primary memory is a type of ______ and it shows_______________.
short-term memory; very little or no decline with increasing age
Remembering where, when, or from whom an item of information was acquired is called _______ memory.
source
The term "magic number seven plus or minus two" applies to:
the short term memory store
In prospective memory studies that are conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, tasks may be either event-based or time-based. Which is most likely to show age-related decline?
time-based laboratory tasks
On-line measures of memory for written discourse materials:
track a persons eye movements as he/she is reading written materials