Advanced Pathophysiology Week Four: Diabetes and Endocrine Quiz

A 34 year old female has a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism that resulted from adenoma of the pituitary gland. She would likely have which of the following signs and symptoms?

A. Amenorrhea B. Hypoglycemia C. Pale skin

The secretion of ACTH will result in the increased level of which hormone?

A. Cortisol

A person complains of increased heat sensitivity, weight loss, and high energy level. This symptomatology depicts which of the following endocrine disorders?

A. Hyperthyroidism

Which of the following is a symptom of hypoglycemia? A. Palpitations B. Bradycardia C. Dry mouth D. Ruddy facial skin

A. Palpitations

Which of the following distinguishing feature of Grave's disease forms of hyperthyroidism?

A. Protusion of the orbit

Following the identification of low levels of T3 and T4 coupled with the presence of a goiter, a 28-year-old female has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In light of this diagnosis, which of the following assessment results would constitute an unexpected finding?

A. Recent weight gain despite a loss of appetite and chronic fatigue

Which of the following clinical manifestations would make the APN suspect t T2DM? A. Recurrent boils B. General skin pruritis C. Changes in hearing D. Changes in balance

A. Recurrent boils

Type 2 diabetes is best described as a(an): A. Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues B. Heightened muscle sensitivity to insulin C. Increase of glucagon secretion from alpha cells of the pancreas D. Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas

A. Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues

Kidneys do not require the presence of insulin to transport glucose A. True B. False

A. True

Pre-operative assessment of adrenocorticol disease is a crucial importance in identifying the endocrine disease and the severity of its effects: A. True B. False

A. True

Risk factors for T1DM are hereditary and environmental A. True B. False

A. True

The nurse is assessing a patient with Cushing's disease. Which findings are consistent with the patient's diagnosis?

A. brusing, petechiae

In a person with primary hypothyroidism, which of the following results of laboratory tests would occur?

A. elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Major metabolic effects of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, include:

A. excessive secretion of potassium

Dexamethasone 1mg is given orally at midnight - which of the following would be an expected response in a patient without adrenocorticol disorder?

A. low cortisol

What is diabetes insipidus the result of?

B. Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion

Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of the: A. Formation of ketones B. Elevation in serum glucose C. Chronic insulin resistance D. Increased antidiuretic hormone

B. Elevation in serum glucose

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the metabolic effects of growth hormone?

B. Participates in the regulation of protein synthesis and nutritional disposal in the adult

Thyrotoxicosis can best be defined as:

B. Response of body tissues to the metabolic effects of excessive thyroid hormone

Which of the following describes the circadian rhythm of ACTH levels?

B. Rises early in the morning, declines throughout the day

Which of the following represents a correct sequence in hormonal feedback control?

B. TSH-releasing hormone stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with: A. The dawn phenomenon B. The Somogyi effect C. Diabetic ketoacidosis D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

B. The Somogyi effect

A 51-year old woman has been diagnosed with Cushings syndrome after a diagnosis work-up reveals cortisol hyper secretion. Which of the following assessment findings would be suspected?

B. muscle weakness C. elevated BP D. protruding abdomen

An APN is considering a diagnosis of primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the APN expect to find?

C. Easily fatiguability

Which of the following diagnostic findings are consistent with primary adrenocorical insufficiency?

C. Hypoglycemia

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is released in the GI tract in response to food. Which of the following effects is NOT an expected physiological effect of GLP-1? A. Feeling of satiety B. Increase sensitivity of beta cells to glucosti C. Increase glucagon secretion D. Delay gastric emptying

C. Increase glucagon secretion

The first laboratory test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is A. Positive urine ketones B. Elevated serum creatinine C. Microalbuminuria D. Cloudy urine on the urinalysis

C. Microalbuminuria

Which of the following are metabolic effects of glucocorticoids?

C. Suppression of inflammation

The APN is examining a pregnant woman in a clinic. On the first prenatal visit at 24 weeks the oral glucose tolerance test is positive. Which medical counseling will the APN include this time? A. The patient should be screened again in the last trimester to determine treatment B. As long as she is symptomatic she can be retested at 28 weeks C. Treatment is indicated now to assure health to the mother and baby D. There is no increased risk of diabetes during the next pregnancy if she controls weight gain

C. Treatment is indicated now to assure health to the mother and baby

How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?

D. Failure to turn off the system results in excessive production

Which patient should the APN assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus?

D. Posterior Pituitary trauma

Retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because: A. Plaques of lipids in the retinal vessels B. Pressure in the retinal vessels increase as a result of increased osmotic pressure C. Ketone cause micro-aneurysms in the retinal vessels D. Retinal ischemia and red blood cells aggregation occur

D. Retinal ischemia and red blood cells aggregation occur

What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus? A. The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow B. Pressure in capillaries increase as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water C. Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of sub-endothelial smooth muscle of arteries D. The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops

D. The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops

Signs and symptoms in the adult due to a pituitary tumor causing excess production of growth hormone include:

D. Thick tongue causing difficult speech

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Dry skin and fatigue

A patient with the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) will exhibit symptoms resulting from:

Severe hyponatremia

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as it relates to endocrine function?

The hypothalamus receives input from numerous sources throughout the body and directs the pituitary to then control many target glands and cells