AHP Chapter 7:11 Digestive System
villi, blood capillaries, lacteals, digested nutrients, and fats
Fingerlike projections in the small intestine called _____ contain ______ and ______. The blood capillaries absorb most of the ______ while the lacteals absorb most of the digested _____
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection,
Cirrhosis
chronic diseases of the liver in which scar tissue replaces liver cells
Diarrhea
condition characterized by frequent watery stools
Absorption of water and any remaining nutrients; storage of indigestible materials before they are eliminated from the body ; synthesis (formation) and absorption of some B-complex vitamins and vitamin K and transportation of waste products
List 3 functions of the large intestine
Food is converted into a semi fluid material called chyme, by gastric juices produced by glands in the stomach. The gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes. This acid kills bacteria, facilitates iron absorption and activates the enzyme pepsin.
List 4 things that happen in the stomach during digestion
-Secretes bile -stores sugar and iron and vitamins - produces heparin -detoxifies substances such as alcohol and pesticides and destroys bacteria. -produces cholesterol -produces the breakdown of vitamin K
List 5 functions of the liver
The tongue is a muscular organ that contains special receptors called taste buds. The taste buds allow a person to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, sensations. The tongue also aids in chewing and swallowing food
List two functions of the tongue
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Name 4 divisions of the colon
salivary amylase, carbohydrates, starches, sugars, and bolus
Saliva also contains an enzyme called _______, which begins the chemical breakdown of _______ or ________ and ________. After the food is chewed and mixed with saliva, it is called a/an ______.
Parotid, sublingual, submandibular, lubricates, and moistens.
Three pairs of salivary glands, the _______, ______, and the _________ produce saliva that __________ the mouth during speech and chewing and _____ food so it can be swallowed easily.
Pancreatic juices to digest food and Insulin which aids in the metabolism of blood sugar in the blood stream
What 2 secretions does the pancreas produce?
emulsifies (physically breaks down) fats
What does bile do to food while it is in the small intestine?
aids in the digestion of fat (acts on fats)
What does lipase or steapsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?
break down sugars into simpler forms
What does maltase do to food while it is in the small intestine?
it break down sugars into simpler forms
What does maltase do to food while it is in the small intestine?
acts on sugars
What does pancreatic amylase or amylopsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?
complete the digestion of proteins
What does peptidases do to food while it is in the small intestine?
acts on proteins
What does trypsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?
The teeth are special structures in the mouth that physically break down food by chewing and grinding.
What is mastication?
It sores and concentrates bile, does not produce bile, the liver does
What is the function of the gallbladder?
The pancreas
What is the glandular organ behind the stomach?
peristalsis
What is the wavelike involuntary movement of muscles that causes the food to move in a forward direction through the digestive tract
hemorrhoids
dilated or varicose veins in the rectal or anal area
Gastroenteritis
inflammation of mucous membrane of stomach and intestines
ulcerative colitis
inflammatory disease of the colon with formation of ulcers and abscesses
Cholecyitis
presence of stones in the gallbladder
Hiatal Hernia
stomach protrudes through the diaphragm by opening for esophagus
