AHP Chapter 7:11 Digestive System

villi, blood capillaries, lacteals, digested nutrients, and fats

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine called _____ contain ______ and ______. The blood capillaries absorb most of the ______ while the lacteals absorb most of the digested _____

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection,

Cirrhosis

chronic diseases of the liver in which scar tissue replaces liver cells

Diarrhea

condition characterized by frequent watery stools

Absorption of water and any remaining nutrients; storage of indigestible materials before they are eliminated from the body ; synthesis (formation) and absorption of some B-complex vitamins and vitamin K and transportation of waste products

List 3 functions of the large intestine

Food is converted into a semi fluid material called chyme, by gastric juices produced by glands in the stomach. The gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes. This acid kills bacteria, facilitates iron absorption and activates the enzyme pepsin.

List 4 things that happen in the stomach during digestion

-Secretes bile -stores sugar and iron and vitamins - produces heparin -detoxifies substances such as alcohol and pesticides and destroys bacteria. -produces cholesterol -produces the breakdown of vitamin K

List 5 functions of the liver

The tongue is a muscular organ that contains special receptors called taste buds. The taste buds allow a person to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, sensations. The tongue also aids in chewing and swallowing food

List two functions of the tongue

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Name 4 divisions of the colon

salivary amylase, carbohydrates, starches, sugars, and bolus

Saliva also contains an enzyme called _______, which begins the chemical breakdown of _______ or ________ and ________. After the food is chewed and mixed with saliva, it is called a/an ______.

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular, lubricates, and moistens.

Three pairs of salivary glands, the _______, ______, and the _________ produce saliva that __________ the mouth during speech and chewing and _____ food so it can be swallowed easily.

Pancreatic juices to digest food and Insulin which aids in the metabolism of blood sugar in the blood stream

What 2 secretions does the pancreas produce?

emulsifies (physically breaks down) fats

What does bile do to food while it is in the small intestine?

aids in the digestion of fat (acts on fats)

What does lipase or steapsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?

break down sugars into simpler forms

What does maltase do to food while it is in the small intestine?

it break down sugars into simpler forms

What does maltase do to food while it is in the small intestine?

acts on sugars

What does pancreatic amylase or amylopsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?

complete the digestion of proteins

What does peptidases do to food while it is in the small intestine?

acts on proteins

What does trypsin do to food while it is in the small intestine?

The teeth are special structures in the mouth that physically break down food by chewing and grinding.

What is mastication?

It sores and concentrates bile, does not produce bile, the liver does

What is the function of the gallbladder?

The pancreas

What is the glandular organ behind the stomach?

peristalsis

What is the wavelike involuntary movement of muscles that causes the food to move in a forward direction through the digestive tract

hemorrhoids

dilated or varicose veins in the rectal or anal area

Gastroenteritis

inflammation of mucous membrane of stomach and intestines

ulcerative colitis

inflammatory disease of the colon with formation of ulcers and abscesses

Cholecyitis

presence of stones in the gallbladder

Hiatal Hernia

stomach protrudes through the diaphragm by opening for esophagus