AIS
Which SQL statement is used to update existing records in a table?
UPDATE
What is the correct syntax for updating a column named "age" in a table named "students" to make all values 21?
UPDATE students SET age = 21;
Which SQL keyword is used to filter rows based on a condition in a SELECT statement?
WHERE
What is Fraud Legally
-A false statement, representation, or disclosure -A material fact which induces a person to act -An intent to deceive -A justifiable reliance on the misrepresentation -An injury is suffered by the victim
4 types of corruption
-Conflicts of interest -Illegal gratuities -Commercial bribery -Economic extortion
Types of Occupational Fraud
-Corruption (bribes and kickbacks) -Asset Misappropriation (related to cash or inventory and all other assets, including information) -Financial Statement Fraud (overstating and understating the financial performance) Accounts for over $1 trillion annually
Asset Misappropriation reasons for fraud
-Lack on internal controls -Overriding internal controls
The Fraud Triangle
-Opportunity -Pressure -Rationalization
What is the correct syntax for adding a new column named "email" to an existing table named "users" with a datatype of VARCHAR(50)?
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN email VARCHAR(50);
Which SQL command is used to create a new table in a database?
CREATE TABLE
Which of the following is the correct syntax for creating a new table in SQL?
CREATE TABLE table_name (column1 datatype, column2 datatype);
What is the correct SQL syntax for deleting a record from a table?
DELETE FROM
What is the correct syntax for deleting all records from a table named "orders"?
DELETE FROM orders;
Which SQL command is used to remove a table from a database?
DROP TABLE
Which SQL keyword is used to specify the values to be inserted into a table?
INSERT
What is the correct SQL syntax for inserting a new record into a table?
INSERT INTO
Which SQL keyword is used to link two or more tables based on a related column?
JOIN
What is the correct syntax for renaming a table named "old_table" to "new_table" in SQL?
RENAME TABLE old_table TO new_table;
Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a database?
SELECT
What is the correct syntax for a simple SELECT statement to retrieve all columns from a table named "customers"?
SELECT * FROM customers;
What is the purpose of the JOIN clause in SQL?
To combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them
What is the purpose of the HAVING clause in SQL?
To filter rows based on a condition
What is the purpose of the WHERE clause in an SQL query?
To filter rows based on a condition
Behavioral Red Flags
•Financial Difficulties •Living beyond one's means •Close association with vendor or customer •Recent divorce or family problems •Control issues or unwillingness to share duties •Big-shot attitude
What is Fraud- Ethically
•Fraud is gaining an unfair advantage over another
Detecting Fraud
•Identifying non-behavioral red flags at a process or entity level •Setting up anonymous whistleblower hotlines •Using data analytics specifically designed to continuously monitor processes and systems for fraud trends or anomalies •Conducting independent checks of people's work •Reviewing adequate documentation that leaves an audit trail
Vertical analysis
•This type of analysis involves calculating each line item in the same financial statement as a percentage of another line item in the same financial statement
Horizontal analysis
•This type of analysis involves investigating the changes in financial statement items by comparing two or more financial statements from different periods
Reasons for Financial Statement Fraud
•To decrease taxes owed •To reduce the amount of money distributed in dividends to shareholders •To defer earnings to subsequent periods if current goals have been met •To reduce investors' current expectations to create perception of growth in the future
Corruption
•is the inappropriate use of influence to obtain a benefit contrary to the perpetrator's responsibility or the rights of other people