ALL Lessons

When do the plumules of the developing plant become functional? 1. When the seed in planted. 2. When the energy from cotyledons runs out. 3. When the flower is produced.

When the energy from cotyledons runs out.

Which of the following animals does not feed directly on the fig tree or its products? 1. Catfish 2. Wildebeast 3. Elephants 4. Fig Cicadas

Wildebeast

The movement of chemicals through ecosystems is known as... 1. biogeochemical cycling. 2. biomagnification. 3. community ecology. 4. global warming 5. pollution

biogeochemical cycling

Which scenario best illustrates the process of natural selection? 1. a population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide. 2. a plant loses its leaves in a drought. 3. a population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available. 4. a bear learns to find food at a garbage dump. 5. a chameleon's color changes to brown as it sits on a log.

a population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide.

The protrusible rasping organ in a mollusk's mouth that is used to scrape food from the substrate is... 1. a veliger. 2. a visceral mass. 3. composed of nacre. 4. a radula. 5. an ammonite.

a radula

The function of BMP4 is to ____________ while the function of gremlin is to __________ BMP4. 1. cause apoptosis; inhibit the function of 2. induce mitosis; amplify expression of 3. inhibit growth; amplify expression of 4. induce mitosis; inhibit the function of 5. cause apoptosis; act as a catalyst for

cause apoptosis; inhibit the function of

Some vertebrates like frogs and humans do not have a conspicuous tail, yet even humans have the remnants of one known as the... 1. sacrum. 2. lumbar. 3. fundus. 4. coccyx.

coccyx

The recent reassessment of animal classification is the result of... 1. new data from Carl Linnaeus. 2. comparison of molecular data. 3. new, genetically engineered species. 4. developing resistance to antibiotics. 5. new morphological data.

comparison of molecular data.

The number of bird species on islands near Papua New Guinea ________ as one gets farther from Papua New Guinea. 1. increases 2. decreases 3. stays relatively constant 4. does not show a consistent pattern

decreases

Sensitized rabbit serum will react strongly to human blood serum by forming a percipitate. Organisms more closely related to humans will also promote a reaction with sensitized rabbit serum. Those organisms more closely related to humans promote a stronger reaction. Of the following, which is the correct order of least to most closely related to humans, according to this demonstration? 1. fish, lizard, pig, chimpanzee 2. pig, fish, chimpanzee, lizard 3. lizard, pig, chimpanzee, fish 4. pig, chimpanzee, fish, lizard

fish, lizard, pig, chimpanzee

While conducting a plant diversity survey in a temperate rainforest in Washington state, you come across a number of individuals of a low-lying plant species. Back at the lab, tests indicate that the majority of the plant material is haploid. The plant you discovered is likely most closely related to... 1. complex streptophyte algae. 2. sphagnum moss. 3. lycophytes. 4. conifers. 5. daisies.

sphagnum moss

The fruits of legumes... 1. are fleshy and sweet and are dispersed by birds. 2. are winged and dispersed by wind. 3. split down both sides and the seeds fall out. 4. have corky hulls that make them buoyant and are dispersed by water. 5. have hooks that cling to mammals and are dispersed by them.

split down both sides and the seeds fall out.

Which of the following uses malpighian tubules for excretion? 1. The crayfish. 2. The grasshopper. 3. The perch. 4. The rat.

the grasshopper

Which one of the following is considered to be an important plant hormone that helps plants cope with environmental stresses? 1. auxins 2. prostaglandins 3. ethylene 4. abscisic acid 5. cytokinins

Abscisic acid

What is the process through which many animals develop irreversible species-specific behavior patterns? 1. altruism 2. taxis 3. operant conditioning 4. cognitive learning 5. imprinting

Imprinting

From the video Your Inner Reptile, what genetic evidence tells us that we are descended from reptiles? 1. Non-functional Yolk Genes 2. Functional Skin Genes 3. Functional Hair Genes 4. Forever in Blue Genes

Non-functional Yolk Genes

Which of the following phyla is aquatic, has sessile adults but mobile larvae, has no true tissues or organs, and has no symmetry? 1. Arthropoda 2. Chordata 3. Porifera 4. Cnidaria

Porifera

Select the reaction that is most likely to be a tropism. 1. flowers blooming when it is warm 2. production of aerenchyma 3. plants bending away from a heat source 4. induction of seed dormancy

Plants bending away from a heat source

Which of the following is the genus of protista responsible for malaria? 1. Volvox 2. Amoeba 3. Plasmodium 4. Euglena

Plasmodium

Which of the following phyla contains some nasty parasites called flukes and tapeworms? 1. Cnidaria 2. Platyhelminthes 3. Arthropoda 4. Echinodermata

Platyhelminthes

A line transect would probably be the preferred method to quantify the population density of... 1. blackbirds. 2. lions. 3. clown fish. 4. Ponderosa pines. 5. swallowtail butterflies.

Ponderosa pines

A group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same habitat at the same time is a(n)... 1. species. 2. guild. 3. population. 4. equilibrium. 5. quadrat.

Population

_______________ means that the organism (e.g., fungi) feeds on dead, decaying organic material. 1. Parasitic 2. Saprophytic 3. Hypothetic 4. Photosynthetic

Saprophytic

Characterize the life cycle of cnidarians. 1. All species have both polyps and medusae. 2. Some have only polyps, some have both polyps and medusae, and others have medusae and a reduced polyp stage. 3. Some species have only medusae and others have both polyps and medusae. 4. Some species have only polyps and others have both polyps and medusae. 5. Some species have polyps and others have medusae, but no species has both.

Some have only polyps, some have both polyps and medusae, and others have medusae and a reduced polyp stage.

According to the video, Your Inner Fish, what gene appears to be involved in hand, paw, digit, and even fin development? 1. Sonic Hedgehog 2. Pacman 3. Donkey Kong 4. Centipede

Sonic Hedgehog

Consider the following DNA sequences for four different species: 1: AATCG 2: TAATG 3: ATACC 4: ATAGG Based on the principle of parsimony, which species shares a most recent common ancestor with a species having the sequence TTACC? 1. Species 1 2. Species 2 3. Species 3 4. Species 4

Species 3

Streptococcus thermophiles often shows up on a wet mount slide of yogurt. What shape are they? 1. Squares 2. Spheres 3. Rods 4. Spirals

Spheres

If the sexual generation gives rise to the gametes, what part of an Angiosperm is sexual? 1. The gametophyte generation. 2. The sporophyte generation.

The gametophyte generation

T/F - The swim bladder is an organ in primitive fish from which the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates developed.

False

Which of the following are the closest ancestors of humans (genus Homo)? 1. chimpanzees 2. australopithecines 3. prosimians 4. gibbons

australopithecines

In a mark and recapture experiment, given that N = (MC) / R: if you mark 40 fish on the first day and catch 50 fish a few days later, 10 of which were marked from before, what is the estimate of the size of your population under study? 1. 2 2. 20 3. 200 4. 2000

200

According to Your Inner Monkey, Notharctus is an early primate dating back to _____ million yeas ago. 1. 50 2. 10 3. 50 4. 100 5. 1000

50

From the video (The Private Life of Pants: Growing), what percent of water is lost by a plant due to evaporation at the leaves? 1. 10% 2. 25% 3. 60% 4. 90%

90%

T/F - The water cycle is primarily a chemical process, not a physical one.

False

T/F - There have not been any court cases addressing the evolution debate since "The Scopes Trial" of 1925.

False

The science of describing, naming, and classifying extant and extinct organisms is... 1. evolution. 2. phylogeny. 3. taxonomy. 4. nomenclature. 5. biology.

Taxonomy

In Barrow, Alaska, the sun does not set for several months in the summer. Based on what you know about photoperiodism, what type of plant is most likely to flower during the summer in Barrow? 1. long-day plants 2. short-day plants 3. day-neutral plants

day-neutral plants

The process of evolutionary changes that result in formation of new species and groups of species is called... 1. temporal evolution. 2. artificial selection. 3. macroevolution. 4. serial evolution. 5. a combination of temporal and serial evolution.

Macroevolution

Temperature is perhaps the most important factor in the distribution of organisms because... 1. water is more scarce in warmer environments. 2. most organisms are unable to regulate their body temperature precisely. 3. many organisms are able to grow faster in warmer climates. 4. the metabolic optimum for endothermic animals is in temperate areas. 5. wind amplifies the effect of cool temperatures.

Most organisms are unable to regulate their body temperature precisely.

Which of the following is the genus of bacteria responsible for tuberculosis? 1. Mycobacterium 2. Neisseria 3. Nostoc 4. Anabaena

Mycobacterium

Birds of Paradise exhibit Sexual Selection, because ____ select ____ with the brightest colors and most elaborate dances, and in turn select for even brighter colors and more elaborate dances. 1. females ; males 2. males ; females 3. males ; males 4. females ; females

females ; males

What term describes the time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay? 1. decay time 2. decay product 3. half-life 4. half-decay 5. useful dating range

half-life

Triploblastic refers to animals that... 1. form three separate blastulas from a single embryo. 2. produce three eggs, each of which forms a single blastula. 3. form three blastopores in each blastula. 4. have a blastula composed of three cells. 5. have three germ layers.

have three germ layers

In island biogeography, larger islands support ______ species than smaller islands. 1. larger 2. fewer 3. more 4. more recently evolved 5. more ancient

more

You are presented with an organism that has not been identified previously. Which feature would identify it as a fungus? 1. flagella 2. cell wall 3. nonparasitic 4. absorptive nutrition 5. mycelia

mycelia

When the shoot/stem of a plant bends towards a light source, the cause is the plant hormone auxin which has accumulated _____. 1. in the roots 2. in the shoot cells exposed to light 3. in the shoot cells shaded from light 4. in the lower leaves of the plant

in the shoots shaded from light

In roots auxins tend to ________ cell elongation, in stems they promote cell elongation. 1. promote 2. not influence 3. have little effect on 4. not be a factor in 5. inhibit

inhibit

Behaviors that appear to be genetically programmed are called... 1. innate. 2. ultimate. 3. fixed action patterns. 4. reflexes. 5. voluntary.

innate

The conducting tissue found in vascular plants that functions in transportation of materials throughout the plant, but does not lend structural support to the stem is... 1. xylem. 2. phloem. 3. sporopollenin. 4. endosperm. 5. lycophyll.

phloem

In conifers, microspores develop into... 1. flagellated sperm. 2. pollen grains. 3. ovules. 4. a nucellus. 5. male cones.

pollen grains

What was a major morphological criterion on which traditional classification of animals was based? 1. presence or absence of a true body cavity. 2. presence or absence of specialized cells. 3. presence or absence of genetic material. 4. presence or absence of cell wall. 5. basic pattern of cell division.

presence or absence of a true body cavity.

Two populations of catfish have lived in separate neighboring lakes for many generations. Population A contains about 30% short whiskered catfish (ww) and 70% long whiskered catfish (WW or Ww); Population B contains about 10% short whiskered catfish and 90% long whiskered catfish. Following a year of record rainfall, both lakes rise enough to allow the catfish populations to swim between the two lakes and interbreed. What will be the effect(s) over time of this interbreeding? Differences in the frequencies of W and w between the two populations will increase. 1. Population A will see an increase in long whiskered fish, but Population B will not see any changes in the prevalence of the two phenotypes. 2. Population A will see an increase in long whiskered fish, but Population B will not see any changes in the prevalence of the two phenotypes. 3. Population A will see an increase in long whiskered fish and Population B will see an increase in short whiskered fish. 4. Population B will see an increase in short whiskered fish, but Population A will not see any changes in the prevalence of the two phenotypes. 5. Differences in the frequencies of W and w between the two populations will decrease. 6. Population A and Population B will experience an increase in genetic diversity.

- Population A will see an increase in long whiskered fish and Population B will see an increase in short whiskered fish. - Population B will see an increase in short whiskered fish, but Population A will not see any changes in the prevalence of the two phenotypes. - Differences in the frequencies of W and w between the two populations will decrease. - Population A and Population B will experience an increase in genetic diversity.

For a population experiencing logistic population growth, the population's growth rate approaches ____ as the number of individuals in the population nears the carrying capacity. 1. 0% 2. 5% 3. 10% 4. 25%

0%

In a population of 100 four-o'clock flowers there are 40 red-flowered plants (CRCR), 38 pink-flowered plants (CRCW), and 22 white-flowered plants (CWCW). What is the frequency of the CW allele in this population? 1. 0.32 or 32% 2. 0.6 or 60% 3. 0.41 or 41% 4. 0.09 or 9% 5. 0.52 or 52%

0.41 or 41%

What would be the frequency of pink flowers in a population where the allele frequency of CR is 0.4 and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Assume that CR CR is red, CRCW is pink, and CwCw is white. 1. 0.04 or 4% 2. 0.16 or 16% 3. 0.2 or 20% 4. 0.8 or 80% 5. 0.48 or 48%

0.48 or 48%

From the life table on the rabbit population in the worksheet for this quiz, what is the value of "C" - "mortality rate of age class 2-3?" 1. 0.00 2. 0.30 3. 0.50 4. 0.75

0.50

Fitness is a measure of reproductive success. If an individual with genotype BB produces 6 offspring, and a heterozygous individual (Bb) produces 10 offspring, and a third individual with genotype bb produces 5 offspring, what is the fitness value for the individual with BB genotype? 1. 1.0. 2. 0.5. 3. 0.6. 4. 0.4. 5. 1.1

0.6

Blue flower color (B allele) is dominant to white (b allele). If a population of plants in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium contains white flowers (bb) at a frequency of 0.04, what is the frequency of the blue flower allele (B)? 1. 0.2 or 20% 2. 0.64 or 64% 3. 0.32 or 32% 4. 0.8 or 80% 5. 0.96 or 96%

0.8 or 80%

If p = A and q = a, and A and a are the only alleles at that locus that exist in the population's gene pool, then p + q = _____. 1. 1 2. 0 3. 0.5 4. 1 5. 2pq

1

What is true of introduced species? (Choose the one best answer) 1. They can be brought into their introduced range by humans 2. They are all native to the tropics. 3. They are always best controlled with biological control (aka, other living organisms). 4. They will always spread aggressively to out-compete and replace native species.

1. They can be brought into their introduced range by humans

Each year, plants and algae remove approximately _______ of the CO2 in the atmosphere. 1. 1/50th 2. 1/7th 3. half 4. 100%

1/7th

In purebred Holstein cattle, about 1 calf in 100 is spotted red rather than black. The trait is autosomal and red is recessive to black. What is the frequency of the red allele in the population? 1. 1% or 0.01 2. 10% or 0.1 3. 50% or 0.5 4. 99% or 0.99

10% or 0.1

From the video Your Inner Reptile, Hadrocodium may be the first mammal. It shows up in the fossil record about ___ million years ago. 1. 10 2. 50 3. 99 4. 195

195

To analyze genetic variation in populations, one approach is to consider the frequency of alleles. When calculating an allele frequency for a diploid species, how many alleles are present for each gene? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. It depends on whether the individual is heterozygous or homozygous.

2

How many pairs of walking appendages do insects possess? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4

3

In the module on population growth, the total offspring produced in 2018 was _____. 1. 7776 2. 52,743 3. 100,000 4. 3.3 million

3.3 million

From the module on life tables, the average age, in years, of a female deer when she produces her first female offspring is her generation time (G). What was the value of "G" calculated from this life table? 1. 3.85 2. 2.85 3. 1.85 4. 0.85

3.85

The number of animal phyla now recognized is about... 1. 10. 2. 17. 3. 35. 4. 56. 5. 67.

35

Seeds appeared in the fossil record by... 1. 100 million years ago. 2. 365 million years ago. 3. 545 million years ago. 4. 780 million years ago. 5. a billion years ago.

365 million years ago

How many photographs did the Birds of Paradise researchers take during their long-term research project? 1. 39 2. 973 3. 15,034 4. 39,568

39,568

From the module on life tables, which age group had the highest survival rate (s)? 1. 1.0-1.9 years 2. 2.0-2.9 years 3. 3.0-3.9 years 4. 4.0-4.9 years

4.0-4.9 years

Sharks, skates, and rays, the Chondrichthyes, first appeared about _____ years ago on Earth, just before the "Age of Fishes." 1. 450 million 2. 66 million 3. 1 million 4. 50,000

450 million

Chimpanzees have ____ chromosomes while humans have 46. 1. 20 2. 43 3. 48 4. 50

48

World human population in 2017 was approximately... 1. 800 million. 2. 7.5 billion. 3. 7 billion. 4. 8.5 billion. 5. 10 billion.

7.5 billion

Which of these is a heterotroph? 1. a corn plant 2. a fish 3. a phytoplanktonic diatom 4. a moss plant 5. an oak tree

A fish

Marsupials are distinguished by... 1. a marsupium. 2. mammary glands. 3. opposable thumbs. 4. nails.

A marsupium

Chaparral is... 1. a type of shrubland/grassland. 2. a type of forest. 3. restricted to serpentine soils. 4. widespread in Africa. 5. distinguished by tall trees.

A type of shrubland/grassland

Certain plants may form tissues called ________ when their roots are flooded, whereas other plants may always form these tissue types. 1. parenchyma 2. collenchyma 3. sclerenchyma 4. aerenchyma 5. None of the answers is correct.

Aerenchyma

The Hardy-Weinberg Principal states that the relative frequencies of alleles in a large population will remain the same: 1. if non-random mating is occurring. 2. if migration is occurring. 3. if mutations are increasing in the population. 4. All of the above choices are incorrect, as they well promote evolution.

All of the above choices are incorrect, as they well promote evolution.

Which of the following is considered to be a plant behavior? 1. response to sunlight 2. response to plant hormones 3. response to touch 4. response to gravity 5. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct

If a species is absent from a particular region, which are the reasonable explanations for its absence? (Choose the one best answer) 1. It evolved elsewhere and never dispersed to the region in question. 2. It was once found in the region in question, but became extinct there due to climactic changes. 3. It was once found in the region in question, but migrated to other regions 4. It was once found in the region in question, but was eradicated by humans. 5. All of these choices are reasonable explanations.

All of these choices are reasonable explanations

Approximately 3.5 million years ago the Isthmus of Panama formed. This new landmass severed the connection between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. An ancestral fish population (porkfish) was split in two by this event; the two populations no longer interbreed and are two distinct species. This type of speciation is called... 1. allopatric speciation. 2. parapatric speciation. 3. hybridization. 4. sympatric speciation. 5. sexual selection due to ecological variation.

Allopatric speciation

A behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself is known as... 1. cooperation. 2. altruism. 3. aggression. 4. group selection. 5. cognition.

Altruism

Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? 1. An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole. 2. A bird that died and fell to the forest floor. 3. A slug that died in leaf litter. 4. A jellyfish that died in an estuary.

An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole

How would you best explain the correlation between an increase in Hox genes and an increase in animal body complexity? 1. Different Hox genes are expressed in different regions of the body. 2. Hox genes have duplicated several times during animal evolution, but they are not responsible for an increase in body plan complexity. 3. An increase in the number of Hox genes allows for greater specialization in different body regions. 4. An increase in the number of Hox genes meant that fewer regulatory genes could be controlled in a species. 5. As the number of Hox genes increases, the number of genes encoding proteins for appendage development decreases

An increase in the number of Hox genes allows for greater specialization in different body regions.

What kind of character has characteristics that make two groups seem related because they both possess the character, even though they really are not closely related?

Analogous

The long snout of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, of South America, and the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, of Australia, are animals of different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to eating ants. This is an example of... 1. selective breeding. 2. anatomical homology. 3. analogous traits. 4. artificial selection. 5. Both analogous traits and artificial selection are correct.

Analogous traits

Which of the following has flowers? 1. Bryophytes 2. Lycophytes 3. Monilophytes 4. Angiosperms

Angiosperms

Coelomates are... 1. two embryos that develop in the same coelom. 2. animals that have a true coelom. 3. animals that have two coeloms. 4. animals that have no coelom. 5. animals in which the coelom disappears at gastrulation.

Animals that have a true coelom

Babbler birds don't often use violent-contact with members of their own group because _____. 1. they have already established a hierarchy that remains pretty well in tact 2. if one gets injured, there genes and help are lost from the group 3. their leader won't allow it and they all fear her 4. Answers 1 and 2 are correct.

Answers 1 and 2 are correct.

Simberloff and Wilson carried out a famous experiment to study the recolonization by arthropods of small mangrove by islands after the islands were fumigated. One of their findings was... 1. The islands never recovered to their prefumigation levels of arthropod species richness. 2. Arthropod species richness on the islands changed little following recolonization. 3. Recolonization rates were identical on all of the islands regardless of distance to the mainland. 4. Species turnover was high following recolonization.

Arthropod species richness on the islands changed little following recolonization.

______ is the observable response of organisms to external or internal stimuli... 1. Ecology 2. Behavioral ecology 3. Behavior 4. Pheromonal mediation 5. Allomonal mediation

Behavior

In comparing the development of the unwebbed foot of the chicken and webbed foot of a duck, what differences are there in the expression ofBMP4 and gremlin? 1. Chicken feet only express BMP4 while duck feet only express gremlin. 2. BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet, while gremlin is only expressed in duck feet. 3. Gremlin is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet, while BMP4 is only expressed in between chicken toes. 4. Both BMP4 and gremlin are expressed similarly in chicken and duck feet. 5. BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet, while gremlin is not expressed between the toes of chicken feet.

BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet, while gremlin is not expressed between the toes of chicken feet.

A positive feedback loop is one that tends to amplify a process. Why would the effect of deforestation on the water cycle be considered a positive feedback loop? 1. Because deforestation leads to new types of habitat which leads to greater species diversity. 2. Because deforestation leads to an increase in the concentration of nutrients in run off, which then leads to eutrophication.Incorrect 3. Because deforestation leads to a decrease in precipitation, which results in further loss of vegetation. 4. Because deforestation leads to reduced nutrient uptake during the growing season, which results in more fertile soil.

Because deforestation leads to a decrease in precipitation, which results in further loss of vegetation.

Why is a random dispersal pattern quite rare in nature? 1. Because only aquatic resources are commonly randomly dispersed. 2. Because resources in nature are rarely randomly spaced. 3. Because most animals have social behavior such as forming flocks or herds. 4. Because most organisms have defined territories created via competition.

Because resources in nature are rarely randomly spaced.

Which of the following best explains why bees aren't attracted to red flowers? 1. Bees perceive red as a warning signal. 2. Bees can't see red. 3. Red flowers usually are odorless. 4. Red flowers do not produce nectar. 5. Red flowers are imperfect and do not produce pollen.

Bees can't see red

If a sampling method tends to underestimate or overestimate a characteristic for a population or community, that method is ____. 1. censused 2. biased 3. plotted 4. qaudrated

Biased

Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike using Latin names. He gave each organism two names; for example, the pigmy rattlesnake is called Sistrurus miliarius by scientists. What type of naming system is this and what group does "miliarius" designate? 1. Binomial nomenclature; genus. 2. Binomial nomenclature; species. 3. Polynomial nomenclature; genus. 4. Polynomial nomenclature; species.

Binomial nomenclature; species.

A group of individuals that can interbreed in nature and produce viable offspring would be considered to be a species according to the... 1. phylogenetic species concept. 2. biological species concept. 3. evolutionary species concept. 4. ecological species concept. 5. general lineage concept.

Biological species concept

The nearest living relatives of crocodiles and alligators are... 1. snakes. 2. birds. 3. turtles. 4. lizards. 5. manatees.

Birds

Which one of the following spent much of his life studying the bible and developing a timeline of history based on the bible? 1. Bishop James Ussher 2. John Scopes 3. William Jennings Bryan 4. Clarence Darrow

Bishop James Ussher

There is a population of frogs living in a pond, 25 are green, 25 are brown, 25 are yellow with green spots and 25 are all yellow. A drought occurred and 75% of the frogs died. The remaining frogs were green and brown, after 25 generations the frogs still were green and brown, yellow frogs never appeared in the population again. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? 1. Sexual selection. 2. Balancing selection. 3. Bottleneck effect. 4. Heterozygote advantage. 5. Founder effect.

Bottleneck effect

From the video (The Private Life of Plants), what is the oldest living organism? 1. Bristlecone pine 2. Giant sequoia 3. Begonia 4. Cheese plant

Bristlecone pine

The first vertebrates appear in the fossil record during the... 1. Cambrian Period. 2. Proterozoic Era. 3. Carboniferous Period. 4. Triassic Period. 5. Devonian Period.

Cambrian Period

During what period did the trilobites dominate? 1. Holocene Epoch of the Cenozoic Era 2. Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era 3. Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era 4. Eocene Epoch of the Cenozoic Era

Cambrian Period of the Paleozoic Era

Which of the following is the female reproductive structure in a flower? 1. Pedicel 2. Corolla 3. Stamen 4. Carpel

Carpel

In a root, the Zone of ____________ contains apical meristem. 1. Maturation 2. Elongation 3. Cell Division 4. Taxation

Cell Division

Plant roots that are in a horizontal position grow down because... 1. cells on the upper side elongate more than those on the lower side. 2. auxins are stimulating cells on the lower side to elongate more. 3. auxins are being pulled to the upper side. 4. auxins are having no influence on this process. 5. statoliths are pushing auxins to the upper side.

Cells on the upper side elongate more than those on the lower side.

During which of the following geological eras would you likely encounter a living saber-toothed "tiger." 1. Cenozoic 2. Mesozoic 3. Paleozoic 4. Pre-Cambrian

Cenozoic

Which of the following is a disease found in South America and involves Trypanosoma transmitted from host to new host by the triatomine (AKA, kissing) bug. 1. Malaria 2. African Sleeping Sickness 3. Mononucleosis 4. Chagas Disease

Chagas disease

Metamorphosis is... 1. changing of one body form to another within a species, such as the change from an aquatic tadpole to a terrestrial frog. 2. an intermediate condition, such as length of legs in mice between longer legs of some mice and shorter legs in others, a condition caused by Hox genes. 3. the developmental changing of a scale to a feather. 4. the evolutionary transition from fishes to amphibians.

Changing of one body form to another within a species, such as the change from an aquatic tadpole to a terrestrial frog.

Which of the following is not a primate characteristic? 1. grasping hand 2. large brain 3. claws on each digit 4. forward-facing eyes 5. complex social behavior

Claws on each digit

Currents in the ocean basins of the Northern Hemisphere always run in what direction? 1. counterclockwise 2. clockwise 3. north to south 4. from the equator to the poles 5. from the poles to the tropics

Clockwise

Many species of birds form large flocks. What dispersion pattern describes this behavior? 1. random 2. uniform 3. rapid 4. social 5. clumped

Clumped

Which fish were thought to be extinct, but were actually found in living populations? 1. Ostracoderms 2. Acanthodii 3. Placodermi 4. Acanthostega 5. Coelacanth

Coelacanth

A scientist is studying several areas along an elevation gradient. Her study involves prescribed burns (purposefully set, low-intensity fires) in the different areas, followed by a comparison of the type and abundance of organisms that colonize them over the next ten years. What scale best describes her study? 1. Physiological ecology 2. Ecosystem ecology 3. Organismal ecology 4. Community ecology 5. Population ecology

Community ecology

What is adiabatic cooling? 1. the cooling due to rainfall on windward side of a mountain 2. the cooling due to polar air masses flowing toward the equator 3. cooling due to the decrease in air pressure at higher elevations 4. the cooling due to increased cloud cover at higher elevations

Cooling due to the decrease in air pressure at higher elevations

Which one of the following did we estimate as being more important in the desert plant community that we examined in lab? 1. Indigo bush 2. Creosote bush 3. Ocotillo 4. Desert senna

Creosote bush

____________ is an example of a nonflowering, vascular plant with seeds. 1. Cycad 2. Fern 3. Liverwort 4. Oak

Cycad

How did researchers determine that in most cases, anole lizard species made there way to islands and then branched out into the various species of those islands. 1. Tail-length analysis 2. DNA analysis 3. Habitat analysis 4. Vocalization analysis

DNA analysis

When conducting scientific research, such as that simulated by the exercise on mark and recapture, the general rule is that increasing sampling effort will _____. 1. decrease the accuracy of your results 2. decrease the percent error of your estimate 3. increase the percent error of your estimate 4. increase the tension among your coworkers

Decrease the percent error of your estimate

A common adaptation of coastal plants that grow on sand dunes is... 1. deep roots to extract moisture. 2. broad leaves for enhanced photosynthesis. 3. secretion of proteinaceous threads. 4. increased transpiration of water. 5. elevated growth rates.

Deep roots to extract moisture

What type of factors, if they exist, will prevent a population from increasing at an exponential rate of increase? 1. Density Independent Factors 2. Density Dependent Factors 3. Long-Range Investment Factors 4. Universal X-Factors

Density Dependent Factors

What kind of character helps to distinguish one group from another, even though the two groups may be closely related and very similar?

Derived

Secondary metabolites are produced to... 1. deter herbivores. 2. deter competitors. 3. aid in reproduction. 4. aid in growth. 5. deter competitors and aid in reproduction.

Deter herbivores

Horizontal gene transfer is the transfer of genes between... 1. two chromosomes in a nucleus. 2. organelles within a cell. 3. cells within a multicellular organism. 4. different species, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 5. one prokaryotic species to a different prokaryotic species.

Different species, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

In the crayfish, the gastric mill is involved in _____. 1. nervous response 2. digestion 3. skeletal support 4. reproduction

Digestion

What does the transverse section mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

Divides the body into the head and tail portions

Cytokinins are plant hormones that usually affect cell... 1. elongation. 2. growth. 3. division. 4. wall expansion. 5. turgor pressure.

Division

A plot of population size vs time that displays a J-shape is indicative of... 1. parasitism. 2. exponential growth. 3. logistic growth. 4. K-selection. 5. r-selection.

Exponential growth

Which of the following phyla relies on the water vascular system for behaviors such as locomotion and feeding? 1. Platyhelminthes 2. Echinodermata 3. Cnidaria 4. Arthropoda

Echinodermata

Under the ___________ , species are identified based on their unique habitat requirements. 1. phylogenetic species concept 2. biological species concept 3. evolutionary species concept 4. ecological species concept 5. general lineage concept

Ecological species concept

A coral species that currently inhabits a single reef off the coast of Indonesia would be considered... 1. vestigial. 2. a transitional form. 3. endemic. 4. exotic.

Endemic

Animals capable of producing their own body heat by way of metabolism and of retaining it are said to be... 1. metabolic. 2. thermogenic. 3. thermodynamic. 4. endothermic.

Endothermic

Most animals seek to maximize the energy they obtain while minimizing their... 1. energy expenditure. 2. risk of predation. 3. energy expenditure and risk of predation. 4. territory size. 5. risk of predation and territory size.

Energy expenditure and risk of predation

What idea is shared by both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution? 1. Adaptation is driven by differences in survival and reproductive success. 2. Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits. 3. Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime can be inherited by their offspring. 4. Evolution involves a continuous increase in complexity.

Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits.

Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton? 1. Kelp (a brown seaweed) 2. Plasmodium falciparum (the pathogen that causes malaria) 3. Polysiphonia (a red seaweed) 4. Euglena (a unicellular alga) 5. Phytophthora infestans (the pathogen that causes late-blight)

Euglena (a unicellular alga)

Lakes with elevated dissolved nutrients and low water clarity are called... 1. lotic. 2. oligotrophic. 3. eutrophic. 4. pelagic. 5. photic.

Eutrophic

Tennessee House Bill 185 prohibited the teaching of ____ in public schools. 1. evolution 2. science 3. english 4. mathematics

Evolution

T/F - According to Your Inner Monkey, the disadvantage of walking upright is sore feet, but the advantage is seeing better at parades.

False

T/F - According to the video Your Inner Fish, to find the fossil remains of the animals that first moved to land (and thus had forelimbs), you would need to look in layers of rock that were approximately 500 million years old.

False

T/F - After being "fixed" by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen is available to plants in the form of N2, atmospheric nitrogen.

False

T/F - All rain forests are tropical.

False

T/F - Babbler birds are solitary (i.e., by themselves) throughout their lives.

False

T/F - Because they differ from other living organisms by lacking a discrete nucleus and many other cell inclusions, bacteria and archaea are more closely related to one another than they are to eukaryotes.

False

T/F - Biomagnification results in an increased concentration of bioaccumulated chemicals as one moves from upper to lower trophic levels.

False

T/F - Bryophytes are the only group of plants where the gametophyte stage is smaller than the sporophyte stage.

False

T/F - Chemical defenses are found only among animals.

False

T/F - De-etiolation, or greening, occurs as soon as a seed is planted, long before the growing seedling emerges from the soil.

False

T/F - From the sampling exercise in lab you can conclude that the most abundant species always has the highest importance value.

False

T/F - From the video Your Inner Reptile, it is clear that hair first evolved in mammals for insulation or thermregulation.

False

T/F - Importance value is determined by adding density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, coverage, and relative coverage together, then dividing by 6.

False

T/F - In a cross section of a Eudicot stem, the vascular bundles are best described as scattered throughout, rather than forming a ring pattern.

False

T/F - In aquatic ecosystems, zooplankton are consumed by phytoplankton.

False

T/F - In science, theories and facts are complete opposites.

False

T/F - In the rat, food passes through the duodenum before the stomach.

False

T/F - K-selected populations tend to reproduce quickly.

False

T/F - Land next to the sea has more variable climate than land farther from the sea.

False

T/F - Micronuclei are stored particles of carbohydrate and lipids.

False

T/F - Migration only occurs in vertebrates.

False

T/F - Millipedes have a thousand legs whereas centipedes have only a hundred legs.

False

T/F - Resource partitioning enables species that are better competitors to exclude similar species from a community.

False

T/F - Sound is not a very important means of communication used by African elephants.

False

T/F - The fossil record shows that angiosperms evolved directly from the Gnetophytes.

False

T/F - The number of aquatic species increases in acidic waters.

False

T/F - The pace of evolution remains constant despite sudden environmental shifts such as climate change.

False

T/F - The passenger pigeon went extinct due to an introduced parasite.

False

T/F - The species-productivity hypothesis would predict that there would be more species per unit area in the southwestern United States than in the Amazon rainforest.

False

In Gymnosperms, which cone is typically larger, more open, and receptive to pollen? 1. Male 2. Female

Female

What phenomenon would violate the conditions for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? 1. The population is isolated from other populations. 2. Females select males based on secondary sex traits. 3. The population is large. 4. No genotypes within the population have a reproductive advantage. 5. Genetic drift within the population does not change allele frequencies.

Females select males based on secondary sex traits.

Which of the following statements is true regarding Seehausen and van Alphen's African cichlid experiment? 1. Females show sexual selection based on males' coloration. 2. Females show sexual selection based on males' size and coloration. 3. Mate selection is random and is not based on sexual selection. 4. Males show sexual selection based on males' size and coloration.

Females show sexual selection based on males' coloration.

_________________ is an example of a seedless vascular plant. 1. Cycad 2. Fern 3. Liverwort 4. Oak

Fern

Enhanced images of Neisseria gonorrhoeae show lots of _____ extending from the diplococcus organism. These are structures that most likely help it attach to each other or the walls of the urogenital tract of its host. 1. fimbria 2. flagella 3. cilia 4. slime

Fimbria

Which of the following traits is not found in Eudicots? 1. Net-Veined leaf pattern 2. Member of the Angiosperms 3. Two cotyledons in seed 4. Flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3.

Flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, people observed that living organisms change over time. The best evidence at that time was ____ evidence. 1. fossil 2. molecular 3. genetic 4. hypothetical

Fossil

The chance of finding a particular species within a sample or plot (i.e. inside the post-it-note quadrat that we used) is best described as ____. 1. density 2. coverage 3. importance 4. frequency

Frequency

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of fruits and seeds? 1. "Fruits" and "seeds" are synonymous terms. 2. Fruits always have fleshy coverings, while those of seeds are always hard. 3. Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal. 4. Fruits contain endosperm but seeds do not. 5. Fruits are produced only by angiosperms and seeds are produced exclusively by gymnosperms.

Fruits are structures that contain seeds and foster seed dispersal

In Connell's experiments with the barnacles Chthamalus stellatus and Semibalanus balanoides, the potential distribution of each species, in the absence of the other, is known as the... 1. competition zone. 2. idealized niche. 3. fundamental niche. 4. tidal boundary. 5. realized niche

Fundamental niche

A confused frog deposits its sperm onto a toad's eggs as they are being laid. No offspring develop because the frog's sperm are unable to penetrate the toad's egg. This is an example of... 1. mechanical isolation. 2. temporal isolation. 3. habitat isolation. 4. behavioral isolation. 5. gametic isolation.

Gametic isolation

What mechanism leads to changes in allele frequencies due to random chance? 1. Genetic drift 2. Natural selection 3. Sexual selection 4. Neutral variation 5. inbreeding

Genetic drift

Sea levels are rising as the Earth's temperature increases, mainly because... 1. plant growth increases evapotranspiration. 2. rainfall is increasing. 3. sea bottoms are rising. 4. glaciers are melting.

Glaciers are melting

What naturally occurring process is responsible for keeping the earth warm enough to sustain life? 1. Atmospheric circulation 2. Decomposition 3. Oceanic currents 4. Wildfires 5. Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse effect

Which of the following has pollen? 1. Bryophytes 2. Lycophytes 3. Monilophytes 4. Gymnosperms

Gymnosperms

Lions in east African safari parks learn to ignore the presence of safari vehicles. This form is learning is... 1. compensatory. 2. operant. 3. cognitive. 4. genetic. 5. habituation.

Habituation

Birds are different from all other living vertebrates because they... 1. can fly. 2. lack teeth. 3. have feathers. 4. are bipedal.

Have feathers

The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species, such as an endosymbiont and its host, is: 1. vertical gene transfer 2. horizontal gene transfer 3. binary fission 4. mutualism 5. parasitism

Horizontal gene transfer

A survivorship curve in which most individuals die late in life is a type _______ curve. 1. IV 2. III 3. II 4. I 5. 0I

I

A survivorship curve with uniform death rates over time is most likely to be a type _______ curve. 1. I 2. II 3. III 4. IV 5. V

II

From the video on Lizards in the Caribbean, anole lizards with short limbs are most likely to be found _____... 1. on the trunk of the tree 2. moving from the trunk of the tree to the ground 3. running through the bushes and grass 4. in the canopy, or high branches of the tree

In the canopy, or high branches of the tree

What is the function of all the really small root hairs that extend off of roots? 1. Increase surface are for oxygen lose. 2. Decrease surface area for gas exchange. 3. Increase surface area for water and nutrient uptake. 4. Decrease area for photosynthesis

Increase surface area for water and nutrient uptake.

What is the general global pattern of species richness? 1. Increasing from polar areas toward the tropics 2. Increasing from east to west across continental land masses 3. Increasing from clay soil types into organic soils 4. Increasing from tropical seas into temperate forests 5. Increasing from the tropics towards polar areas

Increasing from polar areas toward the tropics

Ecology... 1. is the study of plant and animal interactions. 2. is the study of biomes and climate. 3. is primarily involved with studies of individual organisms. 4. works for the good of the environment. 5. is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

Is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Ten songbirds are isolated at birth and not exposed to any adults' songs as juveniles. After six months, it is observed that they sing the normal adult songs of their species. What can be concluded about the singing behavior in this particular species? 1. It is a combination of innate and learned behavior. 2. It is a learned behavior. 3. It is a conditioned response. 4. It is an innate behavior. 5. It is an operant response.

It is an innate behavior

Which of the following is NOT true of horizontal gene transfer? 1. It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. 2. It increases genetic diversity for a species. 3. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. 4. It can occur through endosymbiosis. 5. It occurs commonly in bacteria.

It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny.

_____ selected species have a low rate of per capita growth... 1. r- 2. S- 3. K- 4. λ- 5. J-

K-

Who spoke in the video on evolution that we watched in lab? 1. Charles Darwin 2. Ken Miller 3. Edward O. Wilson 4. Al Gore

Ken Miller

Of the taxonomic groups listed below, which is the broadest (contains the most species)? 1. Order 2. Class 3. Family 4. Phylum 5. Kingdom

Kingdom

As a new curator for a large public aquarium in your city, you are in charge of correctly identifying some of the animals presently in your care. You have two adult animals in tanks in front of you, and you know that one is a lamprey, and the other is a hagfish. Which feature would allow you to correctly identify each animal? 1. Lampreys lack jaws, but hagfish are jawed fish. 2. Lampreys are parasitic, while hagfish are not parasitic. 3. Hagfish must live in fresh water, while lampreys are entirely marine. 4. Hagfish are noted for their extensive fins, while lampreys lack fins.

Lampreys are parasitic, while hagfish are not parasitic.

Which of the following is a kind of botulism that can result from cosmetic reasons, including "Botox" injections? 1. Foodborne butulism 2. Wound butulism 3. Infant botulism 4. Adult intestinal toxemia 5. Latrogenic botulism

Latrogenic botulism

Modifications of previous behavior based on experience represent... 1. learning. 2. fixed actions. 3. external stimuli. 4. adaptations.

Learning

Replacing forests with agricultural or urban areas can significantly affect the water cycle. Why is this? 1. Cloud cover will increase after deforestation. 2. The level of soil nutrients is lower after deforestation. 3. Less moisture is evapotranspired into the atmosphere after deforestation. 4. The rate of evapotranspiration increases after deforestation.

Less moisture is evapotranspired into the atmosphere after deforestation.

_______________ is an example of a seedless, non-vascular plant. 1. Cycad 2. Fern 3. Liverwort 4. Oak

Liverwort

Examine the figure above. What type of pattern did the human population exhibit through most of its history (prior to the 1700s)? 1. logistic growth 2. exponential growth 3. zero growth (equilibrium) 4. negative growth

Logistic growth

Eutherian mammals are uniquely defined by... 1. having a placenta. 2. longer gestation periods because of more highly developed placentas. 3. having fur. 4. the young developing in a pouch. 5. laying eggs.

Longer gestation periods because of more highly developed placentas

Which example of a seed is most likely to be dispersed by the wind? 1. Raspberry fruit with seeds 2. Cocklebur seed or some other sticker 3. Coconuts, enough said! 4. Maple seeds with their two wings.

Maple seeds with their two wings.

A bird in your care has an infection in its air sacs. What do you predict would be the effect of this infection? 1. The bird would be unable to fly as a result of aerodynamic changes in the infected air sacs. 2. The bird would be much more vulnerable to toxic gases as the air sacs could no longer be protective. 3. Since the air sacs are vestigial, there would be no effect. 4. Metabolism and overall activity levels would decline as a result of lower oxygen flow.

Metabolism and overall activity levels would decline as a result of lower oxygen flow.

Evolution, viewed on a small scale, as it relates to changes in a single gene or allele frequency in a population over time, is called... 1. macroevolution. 2. speciation. 3. genetic evolution. 4. phenotypic evolution. 5. microevolution.

Microevolution

A good sampling method for quantifying the density of birds or bats is the use of... 1. line transects. 2. quadrats. 3. pitfall traps. 4. baited live traps. 5. mist nets.

Mist nets

Which are not members of the family Hominidae? 1. orangutans 2. humans 3. gorillas 4. chimpanzees 5. monkeys

Monkeys

Which of the following statements best compares the two dominant lineages of modern angiosperms? 1. Monocots have only one pistil per flower whereas eudicots have three. 2. Monocots have only one cotyledon whereas eudicots have two. 3. Monocots are lycophylls whereas eudicots are euphylls. 4. Monocots have only one stamen per flower whereas eudicots have six. 5. Monocots are monophyletic whereas eudicots have multiple origins.

Monocots have only one cotyledon whereas eudicots have two.

In what type of mating system is marked sexual dimorphism unlikely? 1. monogamy 2. polygyny 3. polygamy 4. polyandry 5. polygamy and polyandry

Monogamy

There are five causes of evolutionary change in a population, but only one leads to adaptive change where the population adapts to better fit the environment. Which one of the following leads to adaptive change? 1. Mutation 2. Non-Random Mating 3. Gene Flow 4. Genetic Drift 5. Natural Selection

Natural Selection

The Birds of Paradise are native to ____. 1. New Guinea 2. South America 3. Mexico 4. Madagascar

New Guinea

What are the two principle factors that lead to microevolution? 1. New genetic variation and gene duplication 2. Horizontal gene transfer and evolutionary mechanisms 3. New genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms 4. Natural selection and migration

New genetic variation and evolutionary mechanisms

How did Darwin develop his theory of evolution? 1. Experimentation. 2. Observation. 3. Both experimentation and observation. 4. Statistical analysis.

Observation

Extinction rates on islands are predicted, based on island biogeography, to be lowest... 1. on large islands. 2. on small islands. 3. on islands far from mainland. 4. on islands near the equator.

On large islands

Rats learning to press a lever to receive food is an example of... 1. avoidance. 2. operant conditioning. 3. habituation. 4. classical conditioning. 5. negative reinforcement.

Operant conditioning

The scientific name for the golden crayfish is Orconectes luteus. Based on this information, the crayfish is a member of what genus? 1. Orconectes luteus. 2. Orconectes. 3. luteus. 4. O. luteus. 5. Orconectes l.

Orconectes

In the rat, the function of the _____ is to produce eggs. 1. ovary 2. uterine horn 3. epididymis 4. testis

Ovary

From which of the following eras would you NOT find fossils of flowering plants? 1. Cenozoic 2. Mesozoic 3. Paleozoic

Paleozoic

Mammals and birds are descendents of reptiles, but are not included within the taxon Reptilia. As a taxon Reptilia is... 1. monophyletic. 2. polyphyletic. 3. paraphyletic. 4. a supergroup. 5. a kingdom.

Paraphyletic

The relationship of disease-causing organisms to an infected rabbit is one of... 1. parasitism. 2. commensalism. 3. competition. 4. herbivory. 5. interference competition.

Parasitism

In honeybees, if food is closer than 50 m, scouts... 1. perform a waggle dance about the food's location. 2. perform a round dance about the food's proximity. 3. perform a round dance about predation risk. 4. look for other food. 5. do not perform a dance.

Perform a round dance about the food's proximity.

Which of the following is a characteristic of tundra? 1. temperate climate 2. permafrost 3. more than 100 cm of rain a year 4. deciduous forests 5. high biodiversity

Permafrost

Which sequence of events is true about phtyochrome? 1. Red light activates phytochrome, converting it to Pfr, activated Pfr moves to the nucleus, then Pr is a receptor for red light in the cytosol. 2. Pr is a receptor for red light in the cytosol, red light activates phytochrome, converting it to Pfr, then activated Pfr moves to the nucleus. 3. Pr is a receptor for red light in the cytosol, activated Pfr moves to the nucleus, then red light activates phytochrome, converting it to Pfr.

Pr is a receptor for red light in the cytosol, red light activates phytochrome, converting it to Pfr, then activated Pfr moves to the nucleus.

How would you best explain the existence of a mountain range that has abundant conifer trees, ferns, and mosses on the east side, but only sparse shrubby plants on the west side? 1. Adiabatic cooling leads to temperature gradients that produce the differing plant communities. 2. Differences in solar intensity produce the differing plant communities. 3. Precipitation differences due to a rain shadow on the west side produce the differing plant communities. 4. Differences in the specific heat of the two sides of the mountain produce the differing plant communities.

Precipitation differences due to a rain shadow on the west side produce the differing plant communities.

The interlocking rib cage of Tiktaalik roseae suggests that this transitional organism had lungs. What other traits were found in T. roseae, but not in its ancestral form? 1. An upright stance. 2. Wings and scales. 3. Primitive wrist and finger-like bones. 4. Live young and fins. 5. Articulating hip bones.

Primitive wrist and finger-like bones.

What type of flower should you plant in your garden if you are particularly interested in attracting butterflies? 1. White day-blooming flowers with abundant pollen and a strong floral scent. 2. Pendulous red flowers that are open day and night with no scent. 3. Yellow flowers with abundant pollen and nectar and a strong floral scent. 4. White, night-blooming flowers with a strong floral scent. 5. Purple, tubular-shaped flowers with a light floral scent.

Purple, tubular-shaped flowers with a light floral scent

Which of the following is the embryonic root in a bean seed? 1. Cotyledon 2. Epicotyl 3. Hypocotyl 4. Radicle

Radicle

In Chen caerulescens, a species of goose, the white body form (the snow goose) and the blue body form (the blue goose) occasionally coexist. In these areas of contact, white-by-white and blue-by-blue matings are much more common than white-by-blue matings. Which assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg Principal is being violated in this case? 1. No mutation 2. No movement of individuals 3. Random mating 4. Large population 5. No selection

Random mating

You isolate a plant that expresses a phytochrome mutant that is always in the Pfr form. You expect these plants will germinate... 1. not at all. 2. regardless of the light conditions. 3. later than normal plants. 4. similarly to normal plants.

Regardless of the light conditions.

You have been assigned to conduct a scientific study on the effects of four types of fertilizer on broccoli growth. You visit several broccoli farms to make observations and use these observations to find preliminary correlations and form hypotheses. To test your hypotheses, you set up five plots of broccoli—one plot for each fertilizer type plus a control plot, which is not fertilized. When you meet with your professor to discuss your progress, he tells you that your project is missing an important component of the scientific method. What is missing? 1. Testing biotic factors such as herbivore abundance 2. Replicating each fertilizer treatment in multiple plots 3. Using more than one plant species so your conclusions can be more broadly applied 4. Testing the fertilizer in a natural setting on wild relatives of broccoli 5. Setting up plots that receive more than one type of fertilizer

Replicating each fertilizer treatment in multiple plots

A population of mountain goats are split because of the formation of a glacier. After 500 years the glacier melts and the two goat populations are free to move between the two areas. Under what conditions might a hybrid zone occur? 1. Both pre- and post-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen. 2. Reproductive isolation is incomplete. 3. Pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen. 4. Post-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen. 5. Gene flow between the two populations does not occur.

Reproductive isolation is incomplete

Population growth typically slows down when populations reach carrying capacity because... 1. resource limitation decreases birth rates. 2. abundant resources reduce competition. 3. density-independent mortality increases. 4. predation pressure is reduced.

Resource limitation decreases birth rates.

In competition between P. caudatum and P. bursaria, neither species goes extinct because they utilize different resources. This can be considered as evidence for... 1. the extinction theory. 2. character displacement. 3. the coexistence hypothesis. 4. the competitive exclusion principle. 5. resource partitioning.

Resource partitioning

From the video, who was it that realized that the forelimbs of vertebrates shared a particular pattern of similarity... 1. Charles Darwin 2. Neil Shubin 3. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck 4. Richard Owen

Richard Owen

Ethylene has the effect of causing fruits to... 1. enlarge. 2. ripen. 3. shrink. 4. elongate. 5. increase in juice content.

Ripen

Reptiles are better adapted to life on land than are amphibians. Which external characteristic would a reptile have to lose to make it roughly externally equivalent to an amphibian in terms of ability to tolerate dry land? 1. scales 2. vertebral column 3. eyelids 4. limbs

Scales

What is a factor that drives animal migration? 1. seasonal availability of food 2. availability of mates 3. hunting pressure 4. intraspecific competition 5. tidal patterns

Seasonal availability of food

What is the function of the lateral line in fish? 1. Sensing their environment. 2. Excreting their waste. 3. Skeletal support for their body. 4. Production of offspring.

Sensing their environment.

After removing some freshly baked cookies from the oven, you accidentally brush the side of the pan with your bare hand. Your reflexes kick in and you immediately draw your hand away. What is the proximate cause of this behavior? 1. For millions of years, your ancestors survived in part because they avoided damaging heat, and thus were able to pass on heat-avoiding genes to you. 2. Drawing your hand away quickly when it encounters high heat prevents injury, thereby increasing your chances to survive and reproduce. 3. Sensory receptors in the skin of your hand sent a signal to interneurons in your spinal cord, which subsequently signaled the motor neurons in your arm and hand to contract, drawing your hand away. 4. You perceived the heat, judged that it would cause a burn if you left your hand in place too long, and made a conscious decision to pull your hand away.

Sensory receptors in the skin of your hand sent a signal to interneurons in your spinal cord, which subsequently signaled the motor neurons in your arm and hand to contract, drawing your hand away.

What kind of character helps to show that two distinct groups are closely related to one another because they have some of the same characteristics?

Shared

In _____ selection, individuals intermediate in a phenotypic distribution have greater reproductive success. 1. stabilizing 2. directional 3. disruptive 4. balancing 5. negative frequency-dependent

Stabilizing

A strawberry plant is an example of a unique stem called a _________. 1. Stolon 2. Rhizome 3. Tuber 4. Corm

Stolon

Abscisic acid is an important signal, transported from roots to the stem and leaves during times of water stress, that prevents... 1. additional auxin production. 2. ethylene buildup in the stems. 3. leaf drop. 4. phototropism. 5. stomatal opening.

Stomatal opening

What type of fig tree is featured in the flim? 1. Oak fig 2. Hickory fig 3. Sycamore fig 4. Maple fig

Sycamore fig

Two species of salamander have similar ranges, but one breeds from January to March, while the second one breeds from March to May. This is an example of... 1. mechanical isolation. 2. temporal isolation 3. habitat isolation. 4. behavioral isolation. 5. gametic isolation.

Temporal isolation

Adaptive radiation is likely to have led to which of the following? 1. The divergence of a single pea aphid population into two distinct species. 2. The evolution of the horse via changes in climate and food supply. 3. The long period of equilibrium in a bat species in the Mariana Islands. 4. The 1,000 species of Drosophila found dispersed throughout the Hawaiian Islands.

The 1,000 species of Drosophila found dispersed throughout the Hawaiian Islands.

Which of the following Birds of Paradise has a song that the researcher described as a machine gun sound. 1. The Superb Bird of Paradise 2. The Brown Sicklebill 3. The Greater Bird of Paradise 4. The Kingbird

The Brown Sicklebill

The Cerulean warbler is a songbird that breeds in the eastern and middle United States and winters in Central America. Its numbers have been rapidly declining over the past 50 years. You are interested in the reason(s) for this rapid decline and set about to make observations and gather data. The graph above shows data you collected on the abundance of Brown cowbirds (nest parasites) and Cerulean warblers at various locations. Based on a visual inspection of the graph, what can you conclude? 1. Brown cowbirds are responsible for the decline of the Cerulean warbler. 2. The abundance of Brown cowbirds shows a negative relationship with Cerulean warbler abundance. 3. Brown cowbird abundance is significantly correlated with Cerulean warbler abundance. 4. The abundance of Brown cowbirds shows a positive relationship with Cerulean warbler abundance. Brown cowbirds do not appear to affect Cerulean warblers.

The abundance of Brown cowbirds shows a negative relationship with Cerulean warbler abundance.

Which of the following statements best describes the life cycles of streptophyte algae and plants? 1. The diploid generation of streptophyte algae is unicellular, whereas the diploid generation of plants is multicellular. 2. The diploid generation of streptophyte algae is multicellular, whereas the diploid generation of plants is unicellular. 3. The haploid generation of streptophyte algae is multicellular, whereas the diploid generation of plants is unicellular. 4. The haploid and diploid generations of both steptophyte algae and plants are unicellular. 5. The haploid and diploid generations of both streptophyte algae and plants are multicellular.

The diploid generation of streptophyte algae is unicellular, whereas the diploid generation of plants is multicellular.

To prepare for a hiking trip in the Appalachian mountains you buy several field guides for the region from a used bookstore. You notice that the older guides list a single species of tiger swallowtail butterfly Papilio glaucus and an Appalachian morph of this species. However the newest guide list two separate species P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis. The authors of this guide state that the biological species concept was used in determining their classifications. What do you think led them to list two separate species of tiger swallowtail? 1. The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis interbreed in the wild. 2. The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis have a genomic similarity of 99%. 3. The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild. 4. The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis have distinct differences in wing coloration. 5. The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis feed on different host plants.

The discovery that P. glaucus and P. appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild.

Which of the following correctly describes the fate of the embryonic germ layers? 1. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs. 2. The endoderm forms the inner part of all internal organs, the mesoderm forms the middle parts, and the ectoderm forms the outer coverings. 3. The layers are sequential structures that all disappear during development, with the endoderm appearing first and then is replaced by the mesoderm, which in turn is supplanted by the ectoderm. 4. The endoderm is an embryonic structure that disappears early, whereas the ectoderm persists as the skin and the mesoderm as the internal organs.

The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.

The idea that most of the genetic variation found in populations is not subject to natural selection is the basis of... 1. the principle of parsimony 2. the neutral theory of evolution 3. the maximum likelihood approach 4. cladistics 5. systematics

The neutral theory of evolution

When comparing the sequences of a homologous gene in four different species, one pair of species shows a 1% difference, whereas the other pair shows a 3% difference. Which pair diverged longer ago from their common ancestor and why? 1. The pair with a 1% difference; a smaller difference (1% instead of 3%) indicates that there has been less time to accumulate mutations. 2. The pair with a 1% difference; a smaller difference (1% instead of 3%) indicates that there has been more time to accumulate mutations. 3. The pair with a 3% difference; A larger difference (3% instead of 1%) indicates that there has been less time to accumulate mutations. 4. The pair with a 3% difference; a larger difference (3% instead of 1%) indicates that there has been more time to accumulate mutations.

The pair with a 3% difference; a larger difference (3% instead of 1%) indicates that there has been more time to accumulate mutations.

In the formula, dN/dt = rN(K-N)/K, the rate of population growth approaches zero as... 1. carrying capacity approaches zero. 2. the age-specific fertility rate approaches zero. 3. the per capita growth rate declines. 4. the population size approaches the carrying capacity.

The population size approaches the carrying capacity.

Dispersion is... 1. the ability of an individual to move. 2. the rate of movement of a population. 3. the spatial distribution of abiotic factors. 4. the spatial distribution of individuals. 5. the timing of reproduction.

The spatial distribution of individuals.

Which of the following best describes the CAUDAL fin of a Siamese Fighting fish? 1. The tail fin 2. The fin along the back 3. The fin on the belly 4. The fin covering and protecting the gills

The tail fin

Evolutionarily, the jaws of vertebrates developed from... 1. the circular mouth of lampreys. 2. the third pharyngeal arch of jawless fishes. 3. the operculum. 4. the claspers.

The third pharyngeal arch of jawless fishes.

What does ventral mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

Towards the belly

The 1000 Genomes Project sequence the genomes of over 2,500 people around the world and compared those sequences to each other. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of the 1000 Genomes Project? 1. There is very little genetic variation between individual human beings. 2. Most genetic variation is observed when comparing individuals from populations that are geographically separated. 3. Genetic variation is significantly higher than phenotypic variation between humans. 4. The genetic diversity within Homo sapiens is due to historically large population sizes.

There is very little genetic variation between individual human beings.

Members of the Nostoc genus have large numbers of thylakoid membranes, and many have gas vesicles. What statement is also most likely true about Nostoc? 1. They are pathogenic. 2. They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. 3. They are photoautotrophs. 4. They are methanogens. 5. They are archaea.

They are photoautotrophs.

Members of the plant family Cactaceae (cacti) are native to the Americas and thrive in dry environments. They have a number of specialized adaptations, including reduced leaves, succulent (fleshy) stems for water storage, and spines for defense against herbivores. Some members of the family Euphorbiaceae are native to the African desert and resemble cacti, having similarly reduced leaves, succulent stems, and thorns. Other species in the Euphorbeaceae do not have these traits. Based on this information, what can you say about the morphological traits of Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae indicated above? 1. They are shared primitive traits. 2. They are shared derived traits. 3. They are homologous traits. 4. They are analogous traits.

They are shared derived traits

A fisheries biologist tells you she is studying a cohort of salmon returning to their birth river. What can you infer about those salmon? 1. They are iteroparous. 2. Most of them are one to three years old. 3. They are the same age. 4. They have a uniform distribution. 5. They have a Type II survivorship curve.

They are the same age

What happens to the male fig wasps after they hatch and fertilize the females? 1. They die. 2. They fly away. 3. They care for the young. 4. They pollinate other fig trees.

They die

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Gram-positive bacteria? 1. They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. 2. They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. 3. They lack the lipopolysaccharides that Gram-negative bacteria have. 4. They are less resistant to antibiotics than Gram-negative bacteria. 5. They have a gram molecular weight of more than 1.0 whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a gram molecular weight of less than 1.0.

They have a gram molecular weight of more than 1.0 whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a gram molecular weight of less than 1.0.

The Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and Southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) are morphologically similar, but their mating calls sound very different. Based on this, what is the best explanation for why these frogs are considered separate species? 1. They are too morphologically different to interbreed. 2. They have undergone behavioral isolation which prevents them from interbreeding. 3. They have undergone habitat isolation because one species is entirely terrestrial while the other is entirely aquatic. 4. They do interbreed, but produce sterile hybrids.

They have undergone behavioral isolation which prevents them from interbreeding.

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria? 1. They maintain cell shape. 2. They prevent horizontal gene transfer. 3. They avoid disintegration in water with low concentrations of salt. 4. They protect against other bacteria. 5. They protect against viruses.

They prevent horizontal gene transfer.

What is the primary characteristic that groups phyla within the Ecdysozoa? 1. They all have tropchophore larvae. 2. They shed their exoskeletons. 3. They all have spiral cleavage. 4. They all have segmentation.

They shed their exoskeletons.

A prolonged period without rain is causing a major drought in the American Midwestern states. How would you expect crops to respond initially to the stress caused by the drought? 1. They will take in more carbon dioxide. 2. They will take in less carbon dioxide. 3. They will release more oxygen. 4. They will increase rates of photosynthesis. 5. They produce fewer secondary metabolites.

They will take in less carbon dioxide.

In your observations of a new rotifer species, you note that diploid females can lay diploid eggs that in turn become diploid female adults. What do you conclude about this behavior? 1. This is asexual reproduction by way of parthenogenesis. 2. This asexual reproduction by way of budding of a new individual from the parent. 3. This is sexual reproduction by way of parthenogenesis. 4. This is sexual reproduction because sperm must have been stored in the female for later fertilization of her eggs. 5. This is sexual reproduction by way of diploid females laying haploid eggs that hatch into haploid males who in turn produce sperm that fertilizes other haploid eggs.

This is asexual reproduction by way of parthenogenesis.

According to Your Inner Monkey, why did color vision evolve in early primates? 1. To help find ripe fruits to eat. 2. To help keep track of young with colored hair patches. 3. To help attract females to colored patches on the male rump.

To help find ripe fruits to eat

What does dorsal mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

Towards the back

What does Anterior mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

Towards the head

What does Posterior mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

Towards the tail

One type of habitat loss is particularly destructive. This habitat is known for being especially species-rich, full of oxygen-generating trees, plus many plants that might provide genetic variability for crop plants or secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties. Which habitat? 1. Savannah 2. Tundra 3. Coniferous forest 4. Tropical rainforest 5. Desert 6. Chaparral 7. Temperate forest 8. Coral reef

Tropical rainforest

T/F - A complex structure such as a flagellum may be useless as a flagellum if it loses any of its components, but the less complex structure may be useful as something else instead.

True

T/F - A forest community consists of not only the trees and shrubs, but also the animals and microorganisms.

True

T/F - A phylogenetic tree shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms, meaning that its structure can be revised and changed as new information about those relationships becomes known.

True

T/F - Adaptive explanations for behaviors seek to get at ultimate causes for those behaviors.

True

T/F - All living organisms require phosphorus for ATP.

True

T/F - All materials passing from one hyphal cell to another must diffuse across the septal wall.

True

T/F - Although land plants, mosses are still tied to water because of their flagellated sperm.

True

T/F - Although most genetic sequence information is obtained from living species, it is sometimes possible to obtain DNA from small tissue samples of extinct species for use in constructing phylogenetic trees.

True

T/F - An endemic species is one that is not found anywhere else.

True

T/F - Animals with bilateral symmetry can only be divided into two "mirror" halves by one imaginary cut.

True

T/F - Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles.

True

T/F - At zooniverse.org, volunteers with very little training can make important contributions to scientific research projects around the world.

True

T/F - Brassinosteroids produced by plants are closely related chemically to animal steroid hormones.

True

T/F - Corn is a monocot.

True

T/F - Current thought indicates that marsupials and eutherians are more closely related to each other than either is to monotremes.

True

T/F - Demography is the study of how births and deaths change population sizes over time.

True

T/F - Exponential growth is rare because resources are usually limiting.

True

T/F - Flowers, fruits, and endosperm are defining characteristics of the angiosperms.

True

T/F - For a dichotomous key, there are always two choices to choose from.

True

T/F - From the video Your Inner Reptile, we learned that the EDA gene helps shape skin organs in reptiles, birds, and mammals.

True

T/F - From the worksheet for this quiz, the Sugar Maple Population "B" was decreasing in number.

True

T/F - Hagfish are classified as vertebrates, but they do not have a vertebral column.

True

T/F - Humans exert top-down pressures on white-tail deer.

True

T/F - In the fall, squirrels often harvest large numbers of acorns and bury some of them for future consumption. Over the winter, however, many of these acorns are forgotten by the squirrels and germinate in the spring, producing the next generation of oak trees. This relationship between the squirrel and oak tree is an example of a coevolved seed dispersal mechanism.

True

T/F - Male Siamese fighting fish are more colorful and attractive than females.

True

T/F - Meiosis always precedes formation of the gametophyte generation in plants.

True

T/F - Modern humans show a type I survivorship curve.

True

T/F - Most of the Earth's phosphorus is trapped in sedimentary rocks.

True

T/F - One way that these fig trees disperse is by seeds being swallowed by catfish that may swim upstream.

True

T/F - Operant conditioning proceeds through trial and error.

True

T/F - Plant behavior is defined as response to stimuli.

True

T/F - Territory marking is common in canids and felines.

True

T/F - The conspicuous green parts of ferns that you see in the woods are mostly sporophytes.

True

T/F - The diversification of insects is related to the diversification of food sources in the environment.

True

T/F - The embryos of fish, reptiles, birds, and humans all resemble one another very early in development. This is because they are all vertebrates and share a common ancestor.

True

T/F - The expression "one bad apple spoils the whole bunch" probably has to do with the action of ethylene on fruit ripening.

True

T/F - The fig tree is so important to so many animals in the community, that it randomly flowers year round so that there are always trees flowering somewhere nearby.

True

T/F - The fins of lobe-finned fish are supported by extensions of the skeleton and are moved by muscles within the fin whereas the fins of ray-finned fish are supported by flexible, nonskeletal elements and are moved by muscles from within the fish's body.

True

T/F - The main advantage of a territory is that it provides exclusive access to some resource.

True

T/F - The monarch butterflies that migrate to Mexico in the winter have not previously flown the route.

True

T/F - The number of extinctions of birds and mammals has gone up as human populations have increased.

True

T/F - The root system of a plant exhibits negative phototropism.

True

T/F - The species-time hypothesis suggests communities diversify with age.

True

T/F - Tiktaalik is an important fossil for the understanding of phylogeny because it is an intermediate form between fish and amphibians.

True

T/F - Two species of three-spined stickleback fish live in a single lake in British Columbia. They are closely related but occupy different niches. They exist nowhere else. These species most likely arose by sympatric speciation from a single species of three-spined stickleback.

True

T/F - Two species that occupy identical realized niches will not be able to co-exist for an extended period of time.

True

T/F - Worldwide human population growth has been exponential since the Industrial Revolution.

True

T/F - r-selected species tend to have type III survivorship curves.

True

From the video (The Private Life of Plants: Growing), which is a carnivorous plant? 1. Sensitive mimosa 2. Trumpet pitcher 3. Passion flower 4. Braken

Trumpet pitcher

From the module on survivorship curves, if there is a fairly constant chance of death throughout their life for the individuals of a cohort, we would expect the graph of survivorship data to resemble a _____ survivorship curve. 1. type I 2. type II 3. type III 4. type IV

Type II

Lions, leopards, and other large terrestrial predators generally maintain well-defined territories. What kind of dispersion pattern would you expect this to produce? 1. clumped 2. clustered 3. uniform 4. random 5. logistic

Uniform

Which cause of habitat destruction is fastest-growing and most destructive? 1. Urbanization 2. Draining wetlands 3. Deforestation 4. Conversion to agriculture 5. Dams 6. Mining and quarrying

Urbanization

In this diagram of a monocot stem, identify #2. 1. Xylem only 2. Phloem only 3. Vascular Bundle (choose this as the answer) 4. Epidermis

Vascular Bundle (choose this as the answer)

Predict what would happen to a sponge that could no longer produce spicules. 1. Intracellular digestion would cease. 2. Water circulation would be greatly impeded. 3. Gametes could no longer be produced. 4. Vulnerability to predation would increase.

Vulnerability to predation would increase

Hominins are... 1. all forms of humans, extinct and extant. 2. arboreal primates. 3. the lesser apes. 4 chimpanzees and gorillas.

all forms of humans, extinct and extant.

The function of pits in the walls of tracheids is... 1. allowing the passage of water. 2. stopping backflow of water. 3. secretion of resin. 4. sealing off air bubbles. 5. allowing the escape of air.

allowing the passage of water

The first living cells were most likely... 1. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. 2. aerobic, photosynthetic, prokaryotic. 3. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. 4. anaerobic, heterotrophic, eukaryotic. 5. anaerobic, chemotrophic, eukaryotic.

anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic

When a species consisting of a single large population slowly evolves over many generations into a new species, this an example of... 1. synapomorphy. 2. cladogenesis. 3. anagenesis. 4. monospeciation. 5. horizontal gene transfer.

anagenesis

In the video, Neil Shubin argues that mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are related since all possess a ______ skeleton. 1. cartilagenous 2. chitonous 3. bony 4. external

bony

Bony fish are also referred to as ray-finned fishes because of structures associated with their ____. 1. eyes 2. brain 3. fins 4. both their eyes and their brain

both their eyes and their brain

Which hormone might be able to counteract the leaf drop caused by leaking street lanterns observed by Dimitry Neljubov? 1. ethylene 2. cytokinins 3. gibberellins 4. brassinosteroids

brassinosteroids

Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. What are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? 1. chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic 2. chloroplast, lysosomes, nucleus, endosymbiotic 3. nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, symbiotic 4. mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, parasitic 5. lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, parasitic

chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic

Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as... 1. macronucleosis 2. micronucleosis 3. conjugation 4. panmixis 5. myxomycetosis

conjugation

A mutation arises in an individual that decreases its fitness. This means that this individual's... 1. probability of survival will decrease. 2. ability to find food will decrease. 3. ability to migrate long distances will decrease. 4. contribution to the gene pool of the next generation will decrease. 5. likelihood of having healthy offspring will increase.

contribution to the gene pool of the next generation will decrease.

The similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called... 1. concentric evolution. 2. convergent evolution. 3. biogeographic evolution. 4. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

convergent evolution

"The Scopes Trial" is also referred to as "The Monkey Trial" because: 1. the main debate was over the ethical use of primates in scientific research. 2. scientists argued that God created man from monkeys. 3. creationists argued that Darwin said man evolved from monkeys. 4. members of the jury were always "monkeying" around.

creationists argued that Darwin said man evolved from monkeys.

While conducting a survey of biodiversity in Guam, you discover a rare plant with large, conspicuous conelike reproductive structures that are red in color. Taking a cross-section of an aboveground root, you notice a conspicuous blue-green ring just beneath the root surface. This plant is most likely a... 1. monocot. 2. eudicot. 3. Ginkgo. 4. cycad. 5. conifer.

cycad

The event called the Cambrian Explosion resulted in an abrupt increase in... 1. volcanic activity. 2. diversity of major animal groups. 3. algal diversity. 4. the number and size of glaciers. 5. rate of continental drift.

diversity of major animal groups

What does the frontal section mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

divides body into back and belly portions

What does the sagittal section mean? A. towards the belly B. divides body into head and tail portions C. divides body into left and right portions D. towards the head E. divides body into back and belly portions F. towards the back G. towards the tail

divides body into left and right portions

Describe the route of water through a sponge. 1. enters through pores into the spongocoel and exits via the osculum. 2. enters through the osculum into the spongocoel and exits via pores. 3. enters through the spongocoel into the osculum and exits via pores. 4. enters through the pores into the osculum and exits via the spongocoel. 5. enters through the osculum into the mesohyl and exits via the spongocoel.

enters through pores into the spongocoel and exits via the osculum.

Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? 1. phagotrophic 2. eutrophic 3. osmotrophic 4. autotrophic 5. mixotrophic

eutrophic

In the perch, the ureter is part of the _____ system. 1. reproductive 2. digestive 3. respiratory 4. excretory

excretory

Introduced species become invasive when they... 1. compete with native species without expanding their range. 2. move from temperate to tropical settings. 3. expand their range and outcompete native species. 4. lead to a cost for humans. 5. fill an empty ecological niche.

expand their range and outcompete native species.

Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. These protists are informally known as: 1. amoebae 2. ciliates 3. algae 4. periphyton 5. flagellates

flagellates

One application of auxins is used in the production of... 1. fruit overgrowth. 2. fruit size increase. 3. fruit ripening. 4. fruit lacking seeds.

fruit lacking seeds

The largest organism ever to have existed in the world is (was) a... 1. whale. 2. dinosaur. 3. sequoia tree. 4. fungus. 5. mammoth.

fungus

The term evolution is used to describe... 1. heritable changes in characteristics of a population from one generation to the next. 2. any change in an individual that can be observed. 3. changes in the number of individuals in a population due to mating. 4. the ability of an individual organism to pass on what it has learned, through experience, to the next generation. 5. any change in an individual organism that occurs in somatic cells.

heritable changes in characteristics of a population from one generation to the next

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of... 1. a prezygotic mechanism. 2. hybrid inviability. 3. hybrid sterility. 4. hybrid breakdown. 5. spermatic behavior.

hybrid inviability

Which of the following exert bottom-up control? 1. a parasite that resides in a mammal's gut 2. a tertiary predator with fluctuating population size 3. levels of calcium and nitrogen in the soil 4. a disease-carrying protist

levels of calcium and nitrogen in the soil

What is the source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules in a photoautotroph? 1. carbon dioxide 2. inorganic compounds 3. other organic compounds 4. light 5. heat

light

Short-day plants are those that flower only when the night period of a plant is... 1. longer than a defined period. 2. shorter than 12 hours. 3. followed by short periods of light interruptions. 4. less than that in summer. 5. longer than 12 hours.

longer than a defined period

A horseshoe-shaped crown of tentacles used by many invertebrates for feeding is called a... 1. protostome. 2. fimbrium. 3. lophophore. 4. trochophore. 5. rhizophore.

lophophore

Teosinte was the forerunner of modern... 1. rice. 2. wheat. 3. oats. 4. barley. 5. maize.

maize

During spring time in Maine, male moose often enter a cow pasture and begin calling to the female cows. The moose may even try to mount the female but the male genitalia do not fit properly inside the female genitalia. This is an example of... 1. mechanical isolation. 2. temporal isolation. 3. habitat isolation. 4. behavioral isolation. 5. gametic isolation.

mechanical isolation

Where a branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a _________, it illustrates that _______ has occurred. 1. break; extinction of a species. 2. clade; cladogenesis. 3. node; cladogenesis. 4. node; anagenesis. 5. break; anagenesis.

node; cladogenesis.

Arthropods have a/an _________ circulatory system and a __________ digestive system. 1. closed, complete 2. open, complete 3. closed, incomplete 4. open, incomplete 5. nonexistent, complete

open, complete

In Pavlov's dog experiment, what were the original and conditioned stimuli? 1. original stimulus: food; conditioned stimulus: metronome 2. original stimulus: saliva; conditioned stimulus: food 3. original stimulus: metronome; conditioned stimulus: experimenter 4. original stimulus: experimenter; conditioned stimulus: saliva original stimulus: metronome; conditioned stimulus: saliva

original stimulus: food; conditioned stimulus: metronome

Certain plants that grow in environments where their roots are often under water need to provide ways of getting which of the following to the roots? 1. carbon dioxide. 2. carbon monoxide. 3. hydrogen. 4. nitrogen. 5. oxygen.

oxygen

Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are... 1. analogs. 2. topologs. 3. paralogs. 4. orthologs. 5. pentalogs.

paralogs

You are examining a new animal species. You find that you can pass a line through any longitudinal plane and find equal halves. Evaluate the symmetry of this animal. 1. spherical. 2. radial. 3. bilateral.

radial

The evolutionary advantage of pollen is that it : 1. replaces the spore and does not require a moist, wet environment. 2. protects the developing embryo and supplies energy to initiate plant growth. 3. attracts pollinators with bright colors. 4. encourages herbivores to eat it and disperse the seeds.

replaces the spore and does not require a moist, wet environment.

The global patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation occur because of... 1. the cooling of the land. 2. rising masses of warm air and sinking masses of cool air. 3. the greenhouse effect. 4. global differentials in sea surface temperature. 5. winds blowing off of the world's major mountain chains.

rising masses of warm air and sinking masses of cool air.

In 1992, mangrove forests along the southern Florida coast and the Florida Keys were severely damaged by Hurricane Andrew. Up to 94% mortality was recorded in some areas, with only the shortest individuals surviving. Scientists have monitored the region and by 2001, the forest canopy had closed and the main species were rapidly gaining biomass. This is an example of... 1. primary succession. 2. inhibition. 3. the diversity-stability hypothesis 4. island biogeography 5. secondary succession.

secondary succession

An animal that is attached to the substrate and cannot move from one place to another is said to be... 1. rooted. 2. sessile. 3. sedentious. 4. fixated.

sessile

Reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches was studied by Podos. He measured beak size and found a correlation between this and the finches'... 1. song. 2. ability to attract certain mates. 3. flight patterns. 4. song and ability to attract certain mates. 5. flight patterns and song.

song and ability to attract certain mates.

Most of Europe is in the ______ biome. 1. cold desert 2. taiga 3. temperate deciduous forest 4. tundra 5. tropical deciduous forest

temperate deciduous forest

Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: 1. the movement of small organic molecules across the cell membrane 2. the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell 3. the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source 4. the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition

the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell

The choanocytes have a flagellum that moves water through the sponge and a collar that extracts food particles from the water. In what group have you encountered very similar cells before? 1. the choanoflagellates. 2. the chytrids. 3. the Euglenozoa. 4. the charophytes. 5. the Foraminifera.

the choanoflagellates.

The Carboniferous Period is known for... 1. the formation of rich coal deposits. 2. the first examples of terrestrial gymnosperms. 3. the appearance of the first angiosperms. 4. a rapid increase in the diversity of marine invertebrates. 5. the appearance of the first true mammals.

the formation of rich coal deposits

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq represents... 1. the frequency of AA 2. the frequency of Aa 3. the frequency of aa

the frequency of Aa

In terms of tissue organization, the ectoderm is an embryonic germ layer that gives rise to _____. 1. the outer covering of adult animals and in some, the nervous system 2. the muscles that lie between the outer covering and inner lining of adult animals 3. the inner lining of the digestive system in adult animals

the outer covering of adult animals and in some, the nervous system

Bioluminescence is: 1. the production and emission of light by organisms 2. the capture of moonlight for nocturnal photosynthesis 3. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a 4. the ability to detect and move away from sources of light 5. the ability to detect and move toward sources of light

the production and emission of light by organisms

In arid terrestrial environments, salt can accumulate in the soil because of... 1. the selective uptake of water by plants. 2. the activities of grazing animals. 3. the precipitation of salt from dry air. 4. the secretion of salt by plants. 5. the settlement and evaporation of water.

the settlement and evaporation of water.

Most mammals are viviparous, meaning _____. 1. they have a bony skeleton 2. they give birth to live young 3. they can fly 4. they have an advanced nervous system

they give birth to live young

The gene pool of the next generation is derived from... 1. all individuals of a population. 2. only the female members of a population. 3. those individuals of a population that reproduce and have viable offspring. 4. individuals who are heterozygous for the genes in question. 5. only the male members of a population.

those individuals of a population that reproduce and have viable offspring.

The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: 1. thylakoids 2. mitochondria 3. pili 4. gas vesicles 5. magnetosomes

thylakoids

How would you describe the body of a fungus? 1. tiny threadlike septa collectively make up the mycelium 2. tiny threadlike mycelia collectively make up the septa 3. tiny threadlike mycelia collectively make up the hypha 4. tiny threadlike hyphae collectively make up the mycelium 5. tiny threadlike mycelia collectively make up the dikaryote

tiny threadlike hyphae collectively make up the mycelium

Endosperm is... 1. sperm after it has entered the archegonium. 2. nutritive tissue produced within antheridia. 3. sperm cells enclosed within pollen grains. 4. tissue stored in seeds that provides nutrition for embryos. 5. sperm produced at the end of the flowering season.

tissue stored in seeds that provides nutrition for embryos.

Thigmotropism in some plants is a tropism in response to _____. 1. temperature 2. water 3. touch 4. whispering sweat-nothings in it's ear

touch

A distinctive type of larva shared by several phyla of invertebrates and considered to be important in phylogeny is the... 1. trochophore. 2. paedomorph. 3. gastrula. 4. metamere. 5. tadpole.

trochophore

In 1925 Dayton, Tennessee was: 1. a large city of about 100,000 people. 2. a filthy, sinful, coal-mining town. 3. turned into a small town with a circus-like atmosphere for about two weeks. 4. home to the nation's largest primate research facility.

turned into a small town with a circus-like atmosphere for about two weeks.

In a cross section of wood, an annual ring is the amount of _____ added to the plant during one growing season. 1. phloem 2. xylem 3. cork 4. mesophyll

xylem