Altered Perfusion

The health care team is developing a plan of care for a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). The primary treatment goal would be:

improving quality of life by relieving symptoms.

The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?

140 mm Hg or higher

Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An 80-year-old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a treatment modality for which disorder of cardiac function?

Atherosclerosis and unstable angina

Following several weeks of increasing fatigue and a subsequent diagnostic workup, a client has been diagnosed with mitral valve regurgitation. Failure of this heart valve would have which hemodynamic consequences?

Backflow from the left ventricle to left atrium

A 56-year-old male client has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. Which laboratory result supports this diagnosis?

Cholesterol 250 mg/dL (6.47 mmol/L) and HDL 32 mg/dL (0.83 mmol/L)

The health care provider is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Hypertension

A 20-year-old college student has a pelvic fracture and a severed leg from a motorcycle accident. She lost several units of blood. When the student arrived in the emergency department, her blood pressure was very low, her pulse was high, and her skin was pale. The nurse knows that this client has developed which type of shock?

Hypovolemic

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

A 30-year-old client arrives with these vital signs: Blood pressure 50/30 mm Hg, pulse 100 beats/min, respiratory rate 12 breaths/min, temperature 101°F (38.3°C). The nurse interprets these results as the client being in shock based on which reading?

Low blood pressure

A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occurring in the color of her fingertips, especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:

Raynaud phenomenon

A client is told that she has cardiac valve leaflets, or cusps, that are floppy and fail to shut completely, permitting blood flow even when the valve should be completely closed. The nurse knows that this condition can lead to heart failure and is referred to as:

Valvular regurgitation

A client with a suspected MI is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The nurse caring for this client would expect to receive an order for which laboratory test to confirm a diagnosis of MI?

Troponin level

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:

Unknown

A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension. What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have?

Will prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

a. Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. b. Reduce dietary sodium intake. c. Stop smoking. d. Limit alcohol consumption

At the cellular level, how do cardiac muscle cells respond to an increase in ventricular volume to the point of overload? Select all that apply.

a. Elongating the cardiac muscle cells b. Decreasing the ventricular wall thickness

A client who is experiencing angina at rest that has been increasing in intensity should be instructed to:

see the doctor for evaluation immediately.

A client awaiting a heart transplant is experiencing decompensation of the left ventricle that will not respond to medications. The health care provider (HCP) suggests placing the client on a ventricular assist device (VAD). The client asks what this equipment will do. Which response most accurately describes the purpose of a VAD?

"Decreases the workload of the myocardium while maintaining cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure."

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.

a. Smoking cessation b. Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels c. Weight reduction if overweight