alyssa BIO 251 Exam 4

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, one follicle (the dominant follicle) will continue to develop because its cells_______ A) have a diminished response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) B) are unresponsive to luteinizing hormone (LH) C) have an increased response to luteinizing hormone (LH) in the face of falling FSH levels D) are no longer able to secrete estrogen E) no longer respond to growth hormone

C) have an increased response to luteinizing hormone (LH) in the face of falling FSH levels

At low concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the extent of water reabsorption is _____causing urine output to ________ A) high : decrease B) low: decrease C) low : increase D) high : increase E) unaffected : remain unchanged

C) low : increase

Erection in males requires an increase in________ whereas emission (sex gland secretion) involves increases in________ A) sympathetic nervous activity : somatic motor reflexes only B) sympathetic nervous activity : parasympathetic nervous activity C) parasympathetic nervous activity : sympathetic nervous activity D) constriction of arterioles within erectile tissue : sympathetic nervous activity E) dilation of veins within erectile tissue : somatic motor reflexes only

C) parasympathetic nervous activity : sympathetic nervous activity

The products of fat digestion, i.e. monoglycerides and fatty acids, enter absorptive cells in the small intestine by what transport process? A) sodium-linked secondary active transport B) primary active transport C) simple diffusion across the cell membrane D) facilitated diffusion E) lipid channels

C) simple diffusion across the cell membrane

What enzyme, secreated by the pancreas, digests fats. (triglycerides) A. Protease B. Enterokinase C. Lipase D. Amylase E. Nuclease

C. Lipase

Substances that enter the renal tubules will be excreted in the urine unless they are ____ A. secreted by glomerular capillaries directly into the peritubular capillaries B. Degraded by tubule cells C. Reabsorbed by tubule cells into the peritubular capillaries D. Secreted by the tubule cells into the tubule fluid E. bound to receptors in tubule fluid

C. Reabsorbed by tubule cells into the peritubular capillaries

Which of the following is responsible for secreting the majority of the fluid found in semen in the male reproductive tract? A) seminal vesicles B) prostate gland C) vestibular glands D) bulbourethral glands E) mammary glands

D) bulbourethral glands

In the absence of the implantation of a fertilized embryo, menstruation is initiated by declining levels of progesterone due to degeneration of the______ this occurs about 2 weeks after ovulation. A) smooth muscle in the uterus B) developing follicles C) primordial follicle D) corpus luteum in the ovary E) mature follicle

D) corpus luteum in the ovary

During the first trimester of pregnancy, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum in the ovary is maintained by______ until the corpus luteum degenerates and the_____ takes over secretion of these hormones. A) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) : placenta B) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : fetus C) luteinizing hormone (LH) : endometrium D) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : placenta E) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : endometrium

D) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : placenta

The absorption of glucose involves _____ across the surface membrane of intestinal epithelial cells and by _____ across the opposite membrance in order to enter the internal environment A) facilitated diffusion : facilitated diffusion B) simple diffusion : facilitated diffusion C) secondary active transport : secondary active transport D) secondary active transport : facilitated diffusion E) secondary active transport : primary active transport

D) secondary active transport : facilitated diffusion

Most individual amino acids enter the absorptive cells that line small intestine via what transport process? A) ion channels B) simple diffusion C) primary active transport D) sodium-linked secondary active transport E) open amino acid channels

D) sodium-linked secondary active transport

Which of the following digestive enzymes does NOT come from the pancreas? A. Lipase B. Amaylase C. Trypsin D. pepsin E. chymotrypsin

D. Pepsin

True or False. In the small intestine, carbohydrates are transported into intestinal absorptive cells as disaccharides.

FALSE

Which of the following triggers ovulation in females? A) a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) B) decreased estrogen C) high levels of progesterone D) follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) E) inhibin

A) a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH)

Which of the following is a gastric-phase stimulus for acid secretion? A) distension of the stomach B) the act of swallowing C) chewing food D) smelling food E) the presence of chyme in the small intestine

A) distension of the stomach

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the renal handling of glucose? A) glucose is completely reabsorbed from the renal tubule when it concentration is greater than the Tmax value for glucose transport B) the maximum rate of glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule is known as its transport maximum, i.e., Tmas C) once glucose concentration in the proximal tubule exceeds its Tmax value, some glucose will remain in the tubule and be excreted in the urine D) glucose is completely reabsorbed when its concentration is less than its Tmax E) glucose is reabsorbed by secondary active transport in the proximal convoluted tubule

A) glucose is completely reabsorbed from the renal tubule when it concentration is greater than the Tmax value for glucose transport

In tubuloglomerular feedback, a temporary decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would lead to a(n)_______ in the flow of tubular fluid, thereby stimulating the release of paracrine messengers that would ______ in order to maintain a relatively constant GFR over time. A) increase: constrict the glomeruli to increase GFR B) decrease: dilate the afferent arterioles to increase GFR C) decrease: constrict the afferent arterioles to decrease GFR D) increase: have no effect on afferent arterioles E) all of the above would occur due to a temporary decrease in GFR

A) increase: constrict the glomeruli to increase GFR

What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during parturition (childbirth)? A) oxytocin B) progesterone C) angiotensin II D) antidiuretic hormone E) epinephrine

A) oxytocin

The digestion of protien begins in the _____ with the activation of the enzyme precursor_____ A) stomach : pepsinogen B) small intestine : trypsinogen C) mouth : pepsinogen D) small intestine : chymotrypsinogen E) stomach : trypsinogen

A) stomach : pepsinogen

The diffusion of water by osmosis across a renal tubule cell is driven by the differences in _______ across the membrane A. Osmolarity, ie solute concentration gradient B. Partial Pressure C. Active Transport D. Volume E. Potassium concentration

A. Osmolarity, ie solute concentration gradient

In the Kidney, the hormonal regulation of water reabsortopn occurs primarily within the ______ A. Proximal convoluted tubules B. Descending loop of Henle C. Acending loop of Henle D. Both proximal tubules and ascending loop of Henle E. Collecting Ducts

A. Proximal convoluted tubules

During what renal process is protein-free plasma forced out of blood capillaries and into bowmans capsule of the renal corpuscle? A. glomerular filtration B. secretion C. excretion D. reabsorption E. absorption

A. glomerular filtration

In response to the presence of food within the small intestine, the increased release of what hormone acts to inhibit gastric acid secretion in the stomach? A) insulin B) cholecystokinin (CCK) C) gastrin D) secretin E) epineprhine

B) cholecystokinin (CCK)

Ovulation is prevented when taking birth control pills due to the______ in secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH); this change in secretion is due to negative feedback regulated primarily by_____ in the pill. A) increase : estrogen only B) decrease : progesterone and estrogen C) decrease : oxytocin D) increase : oxytocin E) decrease : human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

B) decrease : progesterone and estrogen

Which of the following is associated with actions of aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney? A) decreased sodium reabsorption B) increased sodium reabsorption C) increased sodium secretion from peritubular capillaries into distal tubules D) decreased sodium concentration in the blood E) increased calcium reabsorption

B) increased sodium reabsorption

In males, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSID) and testosterone stimulate the growth and development of sperm________ A) directly by binding to sperm B) indirectly by binding to Sertoli cells C) indirectly by binding to Leydig cells D) indirectly by binding to androgen-binding protein E) indirectly by binding to interstitial cells

B) indirectly by binding to Sertoli cells

Which tissue/organ packages fatty acids and cholesterol into lipoproteins (both LDL and HDL) and re-secretes them into the blood? A) adipose tissue B) liver C) skeletal muscle D) pancreas E) intestinal tract

B) liver

Where are enzymes that breakdown disaccharides, i.e. maltose, sucrose, and lactose, specifically located? A) in the lumen of the small intestine B) on the membrane of small intestine epithelial (absorptive) cells C) inside intestinal absorptive epithelial cells D) in the blood vessels in the small intestine E) in the lumen of the large intestine

B) on the membrane of small intestine epithelial (absorptive) cells

What is the purpose of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males? A) growth of accessory reproductive organs B) secretion of testosterone from the Leydig cells C) binds to sperm and directly promotes their development D) stimulating ejaculation E) secretion of chemicals from Sertoli cells that stimulate sperm maturation

B) secretion of testosterone from the Leydig cells

In what region of the testes are sperm produced? A) vas deferens B) seminiferous tubules C) epididymis D) urethra E) none of the above

B) seminiferous tubules

In humans. where does fertilization usually occur? A) vagina B) uterine tube (Fallopian tube) C) cervical canal D) uterus E) ovary

B) uterine tube (Fallopian tube)

Which of the following conditions would increase glomerular filtration rate, ie, GFR? A. Vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles B. Increased blood pressure in glomerular capillaries C. Decreased blood pressure in glomerular capillaries D. Increased protein content in the blood, ie increased osmotic force in the blood E. None of the above would increase GFR

B. Increased blood pressure in glomerular capillaries

The ripening of the cervix, i.e., dilation, preceding parturition (childbirth) is due primaily to_______ A) the closure of the birth canal B) the rupture of the amniotic sac C) elevated levels of estrogen near the end of pregnancy D) the rotation of the fetus in the uterus E) frequent uterine contractions

C) elevated levels of estrogen near the end of pregnancy

19 Which of the following is a proteolytic enzyme, i.e., an enzyme that digests proteins? A) amylase B) lipase C) trypsin only D) pepsin only E) both tyrpsin and pepsin are proteolytic enzymes

E) both tyrpsin and pepsin are proteolytic enzymes

During ovulation, how is an ovum released by the ovary? A) through gap junctions B) the ovum is released from the ovary by primary active transport C) diapedesis D) via a duct E) the mature follicle is pressed tight against the ovary wall, it enzymatically digests an opening in the ovary wall, and bursts open to release the ovum

E) the mature follicle is pressed tight against the ovary wall, it enzymatically digests an opening in the ovary wall, and bursts open to release the ovum

Which of the following is NOT a basic process of the digestive system A. motility B. Absorption C. Secretion D. Digestion E. Filtration

E. Filtration

What do parietal cells secrete? A. Gastric acid (HCL) Only B. Pepsinogen only C. Intrinsic factor only D. both gastric acid (HCL) and Pepsinogen E. both gastric acid (HCL) and intrinsic factor

E. both gastric acid (HCL) and intrinsic factor

What is the primary function of the colon? A. Further Digest fats B. Further digest proteins C. Further digest carbohydrates D. Regulate reabsorption of carbohydrates and amino acids E. further reabsorb water entering from the small intestines

E. further reabsorb water entering from the small intestines

What protects the stomach wall from the acidic gastric juice? A. a layer of parietal cells B. the presence of folds in the stomach lining C. the hormone gastrin D. a layers of fat tissue lining the stomach E. the gastric mucosal barrier, i.e., thick mucus layer

E. the gastric mucosal barrier, i.e., thick mucus layer

True or False. A female is born with the full complement of oocytes (sex cells) in place in the ovary, while the male's spermatozoa are replaced on a continual basis beginning at puberty.

TRUE