American Gov. Final - Mass Media

When politicians strategically give important information to the news media on the condition that its source not be identified by name, this is referred to as which of the following

A leak

The total amount of information a particular mass-communication technology can economically provide its audience is called the _____

Carrying capacity

Formidable publishing barons such as Hearst and Pulitzer disappeared after which of the following occurrences

Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news

The relationship between politicians and reporters can best be described as which of the following

It is built on a tension between reciprocity and competition

The rivalry between Pulitzer and Hearst did which of the following

It led to innovation in publishing that created the modern mass-circulation newspaper

The Federal Communication Commission's "fairness doctrine" did which of the following

It required that stations devote a share of their programming to public affairs programming in a balanced and equitable manner

Today, the share of TV households subscribing to cable / satellite services is almost which of the following

90%

When politicians participate in news making, they usually have one or both of two audiences in mind - the public and which of the following

Fellow politicians

Presidents have discovered that _______ lead to more favorable news coverage

Foreign travel and visits to disaster sites

Average politicians have trouble getting their message out because _____

They attract too little news coverage and direct communication is expensive

Currently, the public gets most of its news from which of the following sources

Television

Each technological change in mass communication has done which of the following

The change has made the news more widely available to consumers

McCarthy always appeared before television cameras with loose sheets of paper, which he could wave at the camera and claim contained which of the following

The names of known communists in the State Department

In the mid-1770s, the era's most significant medium of political comm. was which of the following

The pamphlet

Why did the FCC dismantle the fairness rules?

The rules caused stations to avoid political issues

"Yellow journalism" was a term used at the end of the 19th century that referred to which of the following

The use of outrageous and inflammatory headlines as well as sensational stories to attract readers to newspapers, so called because of the color of ink used in the New York World's comic strips

During the early days of the republic, newspapers did which of the following

They advocated party platforms, promoted candidates, and attacked the political opposition

One study in 2004 found that national and local conservative talk radio programs totaled 40 thousand broadcast hours per week compared to ___ broadcast hours for liberal talk radio shows

Three thousand

When a politician "floats" an idea with a reporter on the condition that the source of the story remains anonymous, this is called floating a _____

Trial balloon

The _____ is the cost of the distributing a news item to a consumer

Unit cost

The costs of transmitting a news product to each consumer is known as which of the following

Unit costs

Civil Rights leaders in the 60s realized that, by confronting southern segregation in situations that turned violent, they could do which of the following

Validate their claims of racism to the rest of the nation

Many veteran journalists point to which of the following 2 specific events as the cause of the pervasive and enduring credibility gap between the press and politicians

Vietnam and Watergate

The great majority of political news is derived from which of the following

what people say rather than what they do

A reporter's regular assignment or venue is called a reporter's _____

Beat

Which of the following is true about the 2008 presidential campaign?

Both Obama and McCain utilized Facebook and MySpace in the campaign

President LBJ's handling of the Vietnam War and Nixon's Watergate scandal impacted the outlook of the press toward the institution of the presidency for which of the following reasons

Both events involved presidents concealing information from the media

By the end of the 1960s, households with TV outnumbered those with which of the following

Indoor plumbing

The franking privilege does which of the following

It allows members of Congress to bypass the media and communicate with the public directly through free access to the postal system

"Pack Journalism" refers to which of the following

Journalists following the same story in the same way because they read each other's reports for validation of their own reports

The ___ are the organizations that gather, package, and transmit the news through some proprietary communications technology

News media

In the presidential elections of 1872, both Horace Greeley (democrat) and Henry Wilson (running mate for Republican president Grant) were which of the following

Newspaper publishers

For the past several decades, survey respondents have consistently rated TV news a more believable source the newspapers by a margin of more than 2 to 1, probably for which of the following reasons

Offering sounds and video images straight from the source allows viewers to form their own interpretations of the events

In colonial times, the maine source of the high costs of transmitting the news was the time consuming and labor intensive _____

Printing process

The 2 technological innovations of the adaptation of steam power to printing and the development of faster and more reliable cylinder presses meant publishers could sell their papers more cheaply, with which of the following results

Publishers could increase their reading audience, and thus break away from party sponsorship

As early as the 40s, Fortune magazine reported that most respondents to its reader survey got their news mainly from _____

Radio

The repeal of ______ led to the blossoming of political talk radio

The Fairness Doctrine

Who or what first "declared" war on Spain in 1898, forcing Congress to issue an official declaration of war shortly thereafter?

The Hearst and Pulitzer publishing chains

The Watergate scandal broke and Nixon was forced to resign largely due to which of the following

The Senate investigation of the "leaks" by Mark Felt

The strongest force that inhibits owners, editors, or reporters from exploiting their control over news as a means of manipulating public opinion is which of the following

The marketplace

Innovation in mass communication has resulted in which of the following

a dramatic expansion of news as a consumer product