American Gov. Final - Mass Media
When politicians strategically give important information to the news media on the condition that its source not be identified by name, this is referred to as which of the following
A leak
The total amount of information a particular mass-communication technology can economically provide its audience is called the _____
Carrying capacity
Formidable publishing barons such as Hearst and Pulitzer disappeared after which of the following occurrences
Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news
The relationship between politicians and reporters can best be described as which of the following
It is built on a tension between reciprocity and competition
The rivalry between Pulitzer and Hearst did which of the following
It led to innovation in publishing that created the modern mass-circulation newspaper
The Federal Communication Commission's "fairness doctrine" did which of the following
It required that stations devote a share of their programming to public affairs programming in a balanced and equitable manner
Today, the share of TV households subscribing to cable / satellite services is almost which of the following
90%
When politicians participate in news making, they usually have one or both of two audiences in mind - the public and which of the following
Fellow politicians
Presidents have discovered that _______ lead to more favorable news coverage
Foreign travel and visits to disaster sites
Average politicians have trouble getting their message out because _____
They attract too little news coverage and direct communication is expensive
Currently, the public gets most of its news from which of the following sources
Television
Each technological change in mass communication has done which of the following
The change has made the news more widely available to consumers
McCarthy always appeared before television cameras with loose sheets of paper, which he could wave at the camera and claim contained which of the following
The names of known communists in the State Department
In the mid-1770s, the era's most significant medium of political comm. was which of the following
The pamphlet
Why did the FCC dismantle the fairness rules?
The rules caused stations to avoid political issues
"Yellow journalism" was a term used at the end of the 19th century that referred to which of the following
The use of outrageous and inflammatory headlines as well as sensational stories to attract readers to newspapers, so called because of the color of ink used in the New York World's comic strips
During the early days of the republic, newspapers did which of the following
They advocated party platforms, promoted candidates, and attacked the political opposition
One study in 2004 found that national and local conservative talk radio programs totaled 40 thousand broadcast hours per week compared to ___ broadcast hours for liberal talk radio shows
Three thousand
When a politician "floats" an idea with a reporter on the condition that the source of the story remains anonymous, this is called floating a _____
Trial balloon
The _____ is the cost of the distributing a news item to a consumer
Unit cost
The costs of transmitting a news product to each consumer is known as which of the following
Unit costs
Civil Rights leaders in the 60s realized that, by confronting southern segregation in situations that turned violent, they could do which of the following
Validate their claims of racism to the rest of the nation
Many veteran journalists point to which of the following 2 specific events as the cause of the pervasive and enduring credibility gap between the press and politicians
Vietnam and Watergate
The great majority of political news is derived from which of the following
what people say rather than what they do
A reporter's regular assignment or venue is called a reporter's _____
Beat
Which of the following is true about the 2008 presidential campaign?
Both Obama and McCain utilized Facebook and MySpace in the campaign
President LBJ's handling of the Vietnam War and Nixon's Watergate scandal impacted the outlook of the press toward the institution of the presidency for which of the following reasons
Both events involved presidents concealing information from the media
By the end of the 1960s, households with TV outnumbered those with which of the following
Indoor plumbing
The franking privilege does which of the following
It allows members of Congress to bypass the media and communicate with the public directly through free access to the postal system
"Pack Journalism" refers to which of the following
Journalists following the same story in the same way because they read each other's reports for validation of their own reports
The ___ are the organizations that gather, package, and transmit the news through some proprietary communications technology
News media
In the presidential elections of 1872, both Horace Greeley (democrat) and Henry Wilson (running mate for Republican president Grant) were which of the following
Newspaper publishers
For the past several decades, survey respondents have consistently rated TV news a more believable source the newspapers by a margin of more than 2 to 1, probably for which of the following reasons
Offering sounds and video images straight from the source allows viewers to form their own interpretations of the events
In colonial times, the maine source of the high costs of transmitting the news was the time consuming and labor intensive _____
Printing process
The 2 technological innovations of the adaptation of steam power to printing and the development of faster and more reliable cylinder presses meant publishers could sell their papers more cheaply, with which of the following results
Publishers could increase their reading audience, and thus break away from party sponsorship
As early as the 40s, Fortune magazine reported that most respondents to its reader survey got their news mainly from _____
Radio
The repeal of ______ led to the blossoming of political talk radio
The Fairness Doctrine
Who or what first "declared" war on Spain in 1898, forcing Congress to issue an official declaration of war shortly thereafter?
The Hearst and Pulitzer publishing chains
The Watergate scandal broke and Nixon was forced to resign largely due to which of the following
The Senate investigation of the "leaks" by Mark Felt
The strongest force that inhibits owners, editors, or reporters from exploiting their control over news as a means of manipulating public opinion is which of the following
The marketplace
Innovation in mass communication has resulted in which of the following
a dramatic expansion of news as a consumer product
