american gov
A _____ tax rate is determined by one's ability to pay.
progressive
A _____ colony answered directly to the king.
royal
______ determines the accuracy of a public opinion poll.
sampling error
The _____ party system began when the Democratic-Republican Party split in the late 1820s.
second
Each state is represented in the _____ by two members who serve staggered terms.
senate
proclaims that state laws are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution
supremacy clause
The main author and father of the Declaration of Independence was ____.
Thomas Jefferson
This describes how formal changes can be made in the Constitution.
article V
practiced by members of different parties who work together on a specific issue
bipartisanship
Five colonists died during the ____, which foreshadowed the impending war between Great Britain and the colonies.
boston massacre
The ___ took place after colonists refused to allow British ships to leave the harbor; they boarded the ships and dumped cargo into the harbor.
boston tea party
The Supreme Court explains a decision with a(n) _____.
majority opinion
The federal government provides medical care benefits to senior adults through the _______ program.
medicare
Natural rights, which have always existed and apply to everyone, came from ___.
natural law
A confederate form of government is subservient to the ________.
people
a party's statement of its values, beliefs, and goals
platform
states created by war; rule of the strong over the weak
Force Theory
measures a country's production and standard of living
GDP
A member of the _____ must be at least 25 years of age and serves a two-year term.
House of Representatives
The 435 members of the _____ have the constitutional power to raise revenue through taxation.House of Representatives
House of Representatives
occurs when planned action by a state is thwarted by the government taking action first
Preemption
The ______ Supreme Court decision established that the government could impose reasonable limits on free speech if it posed a clear and present danger to others.
Schenck v. United States
". . . such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations."
citizens obligated to overt...
The ______ blends executive and legislative power into one body.
city-commission form of government
Paying taxes, attending court, and obeying laws are examples of _____.
civic duties
a task that a citizen must perform or else face possible consequences
civic duty
One _____ of a citizen is to exercise the right to vote.
civic responsibility
something that a citizen should do, but is not required to do
civic responsibility
Vietnam War antiwar protests included examples of _______.
civil disobedience
The ______ of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in public facilities and created a commission to investigate unfair employment policies
civil rights act
A(n) ______ primary fosters party loyalty and prevents the nomination process from being influenced by members of opposing parties.
closed
_____ is a two-thirds vote used to end a filibuster in the Senate.
cloture
the President's title as the civilian leader of the U.S. military
commander in chief
_____ law was a system of English law based on precedents of custom or prior judicial decisions
common
________ law is a system of prior judicial decisions and customs that have set precedence.
common
The ruling party controls all factors of production and redistributes all produced services and goods under _______.
communism
This government ideology places all factors of production under central control, abolishes private ownership, and creates a classless society.
communism
grew out of socialism but differed by seeking to control all areas of society
communism
shares power between national and state governments
concurrent powers
If a portion of the population disagrees with the policies of a government, the people can weaken the central government's power.
confederate government
State governments within a country are more powerful than the central government.
confederate government
State governments determine the central government's power.
confederate system of government
_______ belief advocates that free-enterprise markets and individual enterprise are the best way to deal with economic and social problems.
conservative
______ advocate ordered liberty leading to expanded opportunity rather than government action ensuring equality.
conservatives
James Madison was an influential supporter of the Bill of Rights and the father of the ______.
constitution
Which answer is NOT a characteristic a state must have in order to exist?
constitution
U.S. _______ policy goals include providing aid, supporting democracy, and promoting world peace.
foreign
The _____ extended citizenship to all persons naturalized or born in the United States.
fourteenth amendment
grew out of and closely subscribes to the laissez-faire system
free enterprise system (capitalism)
The _______ Clause of the First Amendment protects the rights of citizens to petition the government for change and to peacefully assemble.
free exercise
The United States Postal Service is an example of a _____.
government corporation
a movement to rally members and nonmembers to protest in hopes of pressuring policymakers to take action
grassroots campaign
based representation on state population and monetary support favoring large states
great compromise
the beliefs that guide a group or individual
ideology
A(n) _______ is a way citizens may bypass their legislature in order to get an amendment on the ballot.
initiative
A(n) _______ is a small group of people who are well-informed about politics.
issue public
This rule of citizenship is based on the parents to whom one is born.
jus sanguinis
man most associated with the socialist theory
karl marx
an economic system without government interference
laissez faire
minimal government involvement in the economy
laissez-faire
Article I of the Constitution describes the duties, responsibilities, and powers of this branch.
legislative
The branch of government that makes laws is known as the ___ branch.
legislative
Congress may create _____ courts with jurisdiction over areas related to the expressed powers of Congress.
legislative/special
Liberty is best served when government withholds involvement in matters concerning moral or personal values according to _______ ideology.
liberal
This form of government literally means "rule of the people."
liberal democracy
a tool used by governors to reject portions of a bill
line-item veto
______ governments get most of their revenue from property and sales tax.
local
The earliest form of government organized by colonists was outlined in the _________ Compact.
mayflower
The ______ program providing healthcare for impoverished children and adults is funded and administered by states.
medicad
an early economic system that gave the government strict control over business
mercantilism
The Federal Reserve implements a(n) ______ to control the flow of money in the U.S. economy.
monetary policy
the process of a government takeover of a private industry for public use
nationalization
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal . . . with certain unalienable rights . . . Life, Liberty, and . . . Happiness."
natural rights of people th..
grants Congress the authority to exercise implied powers even if it limits the powers of states
necessary and proper clause
The _____ recognized women's right to vote.
nineteenth amendment
The ______ Ordinance of 1787 set a precedent for the westward expansion of America.
northwest
Voters can participate regardless of party affiliation in a(n) _______ primary
open
The court first allowed to hear a case has _____ jurisdiction.
orignal
In a ___ form of government, the legislature selects the leader of the executive branch and may recall him at any time.
parliamentary
Rooted in natural law, individuals take ownership of their own self, family, and community as their _____.
personal responsibility
philosopher who believed philosophers were the only ones who could create an ideal state
plato
A(n) _____ occurs when the President fails to sign a bill within ten days while Congress is in recess.
pocket veto
Contributions to a(n) ______ committee are limited to $5,000 but do allow groups to actively support candidates.
political action
represents the belief that one can make a difference politically
political efficiency
Lawmakers who want to please their constituents add ______ project spending to appropriation bills.
pork-barrel
third in line to succeed the President
president pro tempore
In a ___ form of government only the legislature makes the laws, and the leader of the executive branch is elected by the people.
presidential
The President is allowed executive _____ to withhold certain information.
privilege
provides a way for citizens to influence policymakers in government by expressing their thoughts and desires
public opinion
_______ of the Constitution required approval from three-fourths (nine) of the states.
ratification
A(n) ______ is an order to a lower court to implement a higher court's decision.
remand
A postponement of carrying out a sentence is called a(n) _____.
reprieve
gives power to the states
reserved powers
The Battle of Yorktown essentially marked the end of fighting during the _______ War.
revolutionary
A(n) _____ is an unrelated amendment attached to a bill.
rider
The Constitution gives the _____ the power to approve treaties.
senate
This was a protest that led government leaders to conclude that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate for keeping peace and protecting citizens.
shay's rebellion
John Locke's _______ theory teaching that government is necessary to limit selfish human nature provides a common basis for liberalism and conservatism.
social contract
the state's power limited by the people; formed the framework for American government
social contract theory
was a reaction to capitalism
socialism
Which answer is NOT a factor of production?
sovereignty
a powerful politician who represents the majority party in the House, refers legislation to committees, and makes appointments
speaker of the house
The American Library Association is an example of a(n) _______ group.
special interest
The ____ required all English subjects in Great Britain and North America to pay taxes on printed goods.
stamp act
A new bill in the legislature is first assigned to a _____ committee.
standing
This principle of _____ ensures that prior court precedents guide court decisions.
stare decisis
This hereditary ruler governed by divine right.
absolute monarchy
the government's use of spending and taxing to regulate economic activity
fiscal policy
Political power is shared between independent central and state governments.
Federal government
This form of government was based on ownership of land and a social class system.
feudalism
The ______ ensures that the government provides due process to citizens involved in the legal process.
fifth amendment
observed the "peculiar" American characteristic that common people and the elite could compete in politics and capitalism on equal footing
Alexis de Tocqueville
"father of modern economics" who believed the state and mankind entered into a relationship
Adam smith
The _____ Supreme Court decision overturned the separate but equal doctrine by ruling that segregated facilities were inherently unequal.
Brown v. Board of Education
The Department of Labor is an example of a _____.
Cabinet-level executive department
The principle of separation of powers was an idea supported by ___ and was a foundational principle of the U.S. Constitution.
Charles de Montesquieu
This government action in 1882 prohibited immigrants from entering the United States.
Chinese exclusion act
What did the Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court ruling clarify?
Congress, not the states, has control over interstate trade.
The _____ Supreme Court decision denied citizenship to slaves; the Fourteenth Amendment overturned the decision.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The _______ Bill of Rights dissolved the power of the monarchy, empowered Parliament, and established individual liberties for British subjects.
English
theory that over time, the state developed from the family unit into clans, then into tribes, and finally into states
Evolutionary government theory
Parliament passed the ____ to punish the colonists' behavior, and also to attempt to regain control of the colonies.
Intolerable Acts
______ was the foreign policy of the United States from its founding until the mid-20th century.
Isolationism
French bishop who advocated the divine right of kings theory
Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
philosopher who saw the relationship between government and mankind as a reciprocal agreement where the state committed to mankind and mankind committed to the good of the state
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
philosopher who believed people would be willing to forfeit some of their rights while requiring the state to honor both civil and natural rights
John Locke
British economist _____ believed the best way to avoid or lessen the impact of a recession is to increase government spending in order to stimulate the economy.
John Maynard Keynes
Social contract philosopher ____ did not see a contract with the state as permanent or irreversible. He believed that the state should honor both civil and natural rights when citizens voluntarily give up some rights.
John locke
The _____ Supreme Court decision established that Congress could issue notes that are legal tender for payment of debt.
Julliard v. Greenman
A supporter of socialism, ____ coauthored The Communist Manifesto.
Karl Marx
argued for the communist theory with the publication ofThe Communist Manifesto
Karl marx and Friedrich En
______ believe that social issues such as healthcare, education, childcare, and the environment benefit from stricter government involvement.
Liberals
The early Supreme Court decision _____ established that Supreme Court interpretations can informally amend the Constitution.
Marbury v. Madison
This Supreme Court case established the right of judicial review by striking down the Judiciary Act of 1789.
Marbury v. Madison
The ______ was a U.S. foreign policy that helped prevent encroachment of communism by rebuilding Europe after World War II.
Marshall plan
The Supreme Court recognized in the ______ case that legal representation is a right as part of procedural due process.
Miranda v. Arizona
The foreign policy of the _____ stood against European involvement in countries in South and Central America.
Monroe Doctrine
Which person did NOT contribute a social contract theory
Montesquieu
argued for the principle of a separation of powers that later became the framework for the American Constitution
Montesquieu
called for a unicameral Congress favoring small states similar to the one under the Articles
New Jersey plan
_______ were colonists who took up arms for independence from Great Britain.
Patriots
The ______ Clause affirms the Constitution as the highest law in the United States.
Supremacy
Which statement best describes special interest groups?
They represent a membership with a common interest, but cannot nominate candidates
philosopher who believed man would forfeit his personal rights and subject himself to a sovereign state for his self-preservation
Thomas Hobbes
The ______ provides foreign ministers to other countries and protects Americans overseas.
U.S. State Department
Decisions can be made more quickly.
Unitary government
Which answer is NOT a specific characteristic of a free-enterprise system?
a federal form of government
option that is available to voters who are unable to make it to a polling station
absentee ballot
the traditional consultation the President grants to Congress before making appointments
advice and consent
A(n) ______ is a "friend of the court" who submits a testimonial brief to the Supreme Court.
amicus curiae
promote competition by making monopolies illegal
antitrust laws
The ________ of Confederation provided a government and united the colonies during the Revolutionary War.
articles
Property ownership and the right to take a risk in hopes of earning a profit are part of the system of _______.
capitalism
Colonists listed oppressive acts by Great Britain and declared "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...."
declaration of independence
What can the Federal Reserve do to stimulate the economy and encourage borrowing?
decrease the discount rate
This form of government has an absolute ruler who only looks out for himself and reigns as a tyrant.
despotism
foreign policy emphasizing building friendly relationships with other nations
detente
People participate in this through initiatives, referendums, and recalls.
direct democracy
what the Federal Reserve charges member banks to borrow money
discount rate
The chief justice reduces the number of potential court cases to a ______ for the other justices to consider.
discuss list
A(n) _____ opinion explains why a justice disagrees with a Supreme Court decision
dissenting
authority based on inherent right from God
divine right of kings theory
created by the Framers to empower impartial, knowledgeable men to select a President in order to avoid disorder and regional favoritism
electoral college
The ________ Clause prohibits the government from endorsing a national religion and interfering in citizens' religious beliefs and practices.
establishment
a legally binding order from the President to an agency under his authority
executive order
This is the voluntary surrendering of one's citizenship.
expatriation
Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause that allow it to carry out its ______ powers.
expressed
The U.S. legislative and executive branches check each other's power.
false
The political socialization of an individual is most influenced by _______.
family
In a(n) _______ government, power is divided between central and state governments.
federal
includes the Cabinet, regulatory agencies, independent agencies, and government corporations
federal bureaucracy
The state and national governments share responsibilities.
federal system of government
Two sovereign entities share power in this system of government.
federalism
The _____ abolished slavery in the United States.
thirteenth amendment
Colonists who maintained allegiance to the King of England were ________.
tories
Under a(n) _____ government, a single faction or political organization has unlimited power over citizens.
totalitarian
This form of government controls every aspect of an individual's life.
totalitarianism
Which of these was the first primitive form of government?
tribal councils
Capitalism is essentially the same as free enterprise
true
The U.S. foreign policy of the _____ was formed with the intent of containing the spread of communism.
truman doctrine
Local governments only have the powers granted to them by the state in a(n) _______ form of government.
unitary
All political power is concentrated in a centralized government.
unitary government
called for a bicameral Congress with equal representation in the upper house and representation by population in the lower house
virginia plan
