american gov

A _____ tax rate is determined by one's ability to pay.

progressive

A _____ colony answered directly to the king.

royal

______ determines the accuracy of a public opinion poll.

sampling error

The _____ party system began when the Democratic-Republican Party split in the late 1820s.

second

Each state is represented in the _____ by two members who serve staggered terms.

senate

proclaims that state laws are subordinate to the U.S. Constitution

supremacy clause

The main author and father of the Declaration of Independence was ____.

Thomas Jefferson

This describes how formal changes can be made in the Constitution.

article V

practiced by members of different parties who work together on a specific issue

bipartisanship

Five colonists died during the ____, which foreshadowed the impending war between Great Britain and the colonies.

boston massacre

The ___ took place after colonists refused to allow British ships to leave the harbor; they boarded the ships and dumped cargo into the harbor.

boston tea party

The Supreme Court explains a decision with a(n) _____.

majority opinion

The federal government provides medical care benefits to senior adults through the _______ program.

medicare

Natural rights, which have always existed and apply to everyone, came from ___.

natural law

A confederate form of government is subservient to the ________.

people

a party's statement of its values, beliefs, and goals

platform

states created by war; rule of the strong over the weak

Force Theory

measures a country's production and standard of living

GDP

A member of the _____ must be at least 25 years of age and serves a two-year term.

House of Representatives

The 435 members of the _____ have the constitutional power to raise revenue through taxation.House of Representatives

House of Representatives

occurs when planned action by a state is thwarted by the government taking action first

Preemption

The ______ Supreme Court decision established that the government could impose reasonable limits on free speech if it posed a clear and present danger to others.

Schenck v. United States

". . . such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations."

citizens obligated to overt...

The ______ blends executive and legislative power into one body.

city-commission form of government

Paying taxes, attending court, and obeying laws are examples of _____.

civic duties

a task that a citizen must perform or else face possible consequences

civic duty

One _____ of a citizen is to exercise the right to vote.

civic responsibility

something that a citizen should do, but is not required to do

civic responsibility

Vietnam War antiwar protests included examples of _______.

civil disobedience

The ______ of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, color, or national origin in public facilities and created a commission to investigate unfair employment policies

civil rights act

A(n) ______ primary fosters party loyalty and prevents the nomination process from being influenced by members of opposing parties.

closed

_____ is a two-thirds vote used to end a filibuster in the Senate.

cloture

the President's title as the civilian leader of the U.S. military

commander in chief

_____ law was a system of English law based on precedents of custom or prior judicial decisions

common

________ law is a system of prior judicial decisions and customs that have set precedence.

common

The ruling party controls all factors of production and redistributes all produced services and goods under _______.

communism

This government ideology places all factors of production under central control, abolishes private ownership, and creates a classless society.

communism

grew out of socialism but differed by seeking to control all areas of society

communism

shares power between national and state governments

concurrent powers

If a portion of the population disagrees with the policies of a government, the people can weaken the central government's power.

confederate government

State governments within a country are more powerful than the central government.

confederate government

State governments determine the central government's power.

confederate system of government

_______ belief advocates that free-enterprise markets and individual enterprise are the best way to deal with economic and social problems.

conservative

______ advocate ordered liberty leading to expanded opportunity rather than government action ensuring equality.

conservatives

James Madison was an influential supporter of the Bill of Rights and the father of the ______.

constitution

Which answer is NOT a characteristic a state must have in order to exist?

constitution

U.S. _______ policy goals include providing aid, supporting democracy, and promoting world peace.

foreign

The _____ extended citizenship to all persons naturalized or born in the United States.

fourteenth amendment

grew out of and closely subscribes to the laissez-faire system

free enterprise system (capitalism)

The _______ Clause of the First Amendment protects the rights of citizens to petition the government for change and to peacefully assemble.

free exercise

The United States Postal Service is an example of a _____.

government corporation

a movement to rally members and nonmembers to protest in hopes of pressuring policymakers to take action

grassroots campaign

based representation on state population and monetary support favoring large states

great compromise

the beliefs that guide a group or individual

ideology

A(n) _______ is a way citizens may bypass their legislature in order to get an amendment on the ballot.

initiative

A(n) _______ is a small group of people who are well-informed about politics.

issue public

This rule of citizenship is based on the parents to whom one is born.

jus sanguinis

man most associated with the socialist theory

karl marx

an economic system without government interference

laissez faire

minimal government involvement in the economy

laissez-faire

Article I of the Constitution describes the duties, responsibilities, and powers of this branch.

legislative

The branch of government that makes laws is known as the ___ branch.

legislative

Congress may create _____ courts with jurisdiction over areas related to the expressed powers of Congress.

legislative/special

Liberty is best served when government withholds involvement in matters concerning moral or personal values according to _______ ideology.

liberal

This form of government literally means "rule of the people."

liberal democracy

a tool used by governors to reject portions of a bill

line-item veto

______ governments get most of their revenue from property and sales tax.

local

The earliest form of government organized by colonists was outlined in the _________ Compact.

mayflower

The ______ program providing healthcare for impoverished children and adults is funded and administered by states.

medicad

an early economic system that gave the government strict control over business

mercantilism

The Federal Reserve implements a(n) ______ to control the flow of money in the U.S. economy.

monetary policy

the process of a government takeover of a private industry for public use

nationalization

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal . . . with certain unalienable rights . . . Life, Liberty, and . . . Happiness."

natural rights of people th..

grants Congress the authority to exercise implied powers even if it limits the powers of states

necessary and proper clause

The _____ recognized women's right to vote.

nineteenth amendment

The ______ Ordinance of 1787 set a precedent for the westward expansion of America.

northwest

Voters can participate regardless of party affiliation in a(n) _______ primary

open

The court first allowed to hear a case has _____ jurisdiction.

orignal

In a ___ form of government, the legislature selects the leader of the executive branch and may recall him at any time.

parliamentary

Rooted in natural law, individuals take ownership of their own self, family, and community as their _____.

personal responsibility

philosopher who believed philosophers were the only ones who could create an ideal state

plato

A(n) _____ occurs when the President fails to sign a bill within ten days while Congress is in recess.

pocket veto

Contributions to a(n) ______ committee are limited to $5,000 but do allow groups to actively support candidates.

political action

represents the belief that one can make a difference politically

political efficiency

Lawmakers who want to please their constituents add ______ project spending to appropriation bills.

pork-barrel

third in line to succeed the President

president pro tempore

In a ___ form of government only the legislature makes the laws, and the leader of the executive branch is elected by the people.

presidential

The President is allowed executive _____ to withhold certain information.

privilege

provides a way for citizens to influence policymakers in government by expressing their thoughts and desires

public opinion

_______ of the Constitution required approval from three-fourths (nine) of the states.

ratification

A(n) ______ is an order to a lower court to implement a higher court's decision.

remand

A postponement of carrying out a sentence is called a(n) _____.

reprieve

gives power to the states

reserved powers

The Battle of Yorktown essentially marked the end of fighting during the _______ War.

revolutionary

A(n) _____ is an unrelated amendment attached to a bill.

rider

The Constitution gives the _____ the power to approve treaties.

senate

This was a protest that led government leaders to conclude that the Articles of Confederation were inadequate for keeping peace and protecting citizens.

shay's rebellion

John Locke's _______ theory teaching that government is necessary to limit selfish human nature provides a common basis for liberalism and conservatism.

social contract

the state's power limited by the people; formed the framework for American government

social contract theory

was a reaction to capitalism

socialism

Which answer is NOT a factor of production?

sovereignty

a powerful politician who represents the majority party in the House, refers legislation to committees, and makes appointments

speaker of the house

The American Library Association is an example of a(n) _______ group.

special interest

The ____ required all English subjects in Great Britain and North America to pay taxes on printed goods.

stamp act

A new bill in the legislature is first assigned to a _____ committee.

standing

This principle of _____ ensures that prior court precedents guide court decisions.

stare decisis

This hereditary ruler governed by divine right.

absolute monarchy

the government's use of spending and taxing to regulate economic activity

fiscal policy

Political power is shared between independent central and state governments.

Federal government

This form of government was based on ownership of land and a social class system.

feudalism

The ______ ensures that the government provides due process to citizens involved in the legal process.

fifth amendment

observed the "peculiar" American characteristic that common people and the elite could compete in politics and capitalism on equal footing

Alexis de Tocqueville

"father of modern economics" who believed the state and mankind entered into a relationship

Adam smith

The _____ Supreme Court decision overturned the separate but equal doctrine by ruling that segregated facilities were inherently unequal.

Brown v. Board of Education

The Department of Labor is an example of a _____.

Cabinet-level executive department

The principle of separation of powers was an idea supported by ___ and was a foundational principle of the U.S. Constitution.

Charles de Montesquieu

This government action in 1882 prohibited immigrants from entering the United States.

Chinese exclusion act

What did the Gibbons v. Ogden Supreme Court ruling clarify?

Congress, not the states, has control over interstate trade.

The _____ Supreme Court decision denied citizenship to slaves; the Fourteenth Amendment overturned the decision.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

The _______ Bill of Rights dissolved the power of the monarchy, empowered Parliament, and established individual liberties for British subjects.

English

theory that over time, the state developed from the family unit into clans, then into tribes, and finally into states

Evolutionary government theory

Parliament passed the ____ to punish the colonists' behavior, and also to attempt to regain control of the colonies.

Intolerable Acts

______ was the foreign policy of the United States from its founding until the mid-20th century.

Isolationism

French bishop who advocated the divine right of kings theory

Jacques-Benigne Bossuet

philosopher who saw the relationship between government and mankind as a reciprocal agreement where the state committed to mankind and mankind committed to the good of the state

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

philosopher who believed people would be willing to forfeit some of their rights while requiring the state to honor both civil and natural rights

John Locke

British economist _____ believed the best way to avoid or lessen the impact of a recession is to increase government spending in order to stimulate the economy.

John Maynard Keynes

Social contract philosopher ____ did not see a contract with the state as permanent or irreversible. He believed that the state should honor both civil and natural rights when citizens voluntarily give up some rights.

John locke

The _____ Supreme Court decision established that Congress could issue notes that are legal tender for payment of debt.

Julliard v. Greenman

A supporter of socialism, ____ coauthored The Communist Manifesto.

Karl Marx

argued for the communist theory with the publication ofThe Communist Manifesto

Karl marx and Friedrich En

______ believe that social issues such as healthcare, education, childcare, and the environment benefit from stricter government involvement.

Liberals

The early Supreme Court decision _____ established that Supreme Court interpretations can informally amend the Constitution.

Marbury v. Madison

This Supreme Court case established the right of judicial review by striking down the Judiciary Act of 1789.

Marbury v. Madison

The ______ was a U.S. foreign policy that helped prevent encroachment of communism by rebuilding Europe after World War II.

Marshall plan

The Supreme Court recognized in the ______ case that legal representation is a right as part of procedural due process.

Miranda v. Arizona

The foreign policy of the _____ stood against European involvement in countries in South and Central America.

Monroe Doctrine

Which person did NOT contribute a social contract theory

Montesquieu

argued for the principle of a separation of powers that later became the framework for the American Constitution

Montesquieu

called for a unicameral Congress favoring small states similar to the one under the Articles

New Jersey plan

_______ were colonists who took up arms for independence from Great Britain.

Patriots

The ______ Clause affirms the Constitution as the highest law in the United States.

Supremacy

Which statement best describes special interest groups?

They represent a membership with a common interest, but cannot nominate candidates

philosopher who believed man would forfeit his personal rights and subject himself to a sovereign state for his self-preservation

Thomas Hobbes

The ______ provides foreign ministers to other countries and protects Americans overseas.

U.S. State Department

Decisions can be made more quickly.

Unitary government

Which answer is NOT a specific characteristic of a free-enterprise system?

a federal form of government

option that is available to voters who are unable to make it to a polling station

absentee ballot

the traditional consultation the President grants to Congress before making appointments

advice and consent

A(n) ______ is a "friend of the court" who submits a testimonial brief to the Supreme Court.

amicus curiae

promote competition by making monopolies illegal

antitrust laws

The ________ of Confederation provided a government and united the colonies during the Revolutionary War.

articles

Property ownership and the right to take a risk in hopes of earning a profit are part of the system of _______.

capitalism

Colonists listed oppressive acts by Great Britain and declared "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...."

declaration of independence

What can the Federal Reserve do to stimulate the economy and encourage borrowing?

decrease the discount rate

This form of government has an absolute ruler who only looks out for himself and reigns as a tyrant.

despotism

foreign policy emphasizing building friendly relationships with other nations

detente

People participate in this through initiatives, referendums, and recalls.

direct democracy

what the Federal Reserve charges member banks to borrow money

discount rate

The chief justice reduces the number of potential court cases to a ______ for the other justices to consider.

discuss list

A(n) _____ opinion explains why a justice disagrees with a Supreme Court decision

dissenting

authority based on inherent right from God

divine right of kings theory

created by the Framers to empower impartial, knowledgeable men to select a President in order to avoid disorder and regional favoritism

electoral college

The ________ Clause prohibits the government from endorsing a national religion and interfering in citizens' religious beliefs and practices.

establishment

a legally binding order from the President to an agency under his authority

executive order

This is the voluntary surrendering of one's citizenship.

expatriation

Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause that allow it to carry out its ______ powers.

expressed

The U.S. legislative and executive branches check each other's power.

false

The political socialization of an individual is most influenced by _______.

family

In a(n) _______ government, power is divided between central and state governments.

federal

includes the Cabinet, regulatory agencies, independent agencies, and government corporations

federal bureaucracy

The state and national governments share responsibilities.

federal system of government

Two sovereign entities share power in this system of government.

federalism

The _____ abolished slavery in the United States.

thirteenth amendment

Colonists who maintained allegiance to the King of England were ________.

tories

Under a(n) _____ government, a single faction or political organization has unlimited power over citizens.

totalitarian

This form of government controls every aspect of an individual's life.

totalitarianism

Which of these was the first primitive form of government?

tribal councils

Capitalism is essentially the same as free enterprise

true

The U.S. foreign policy of the _____ was formed with the intent of containing the spread of communism.

truman doctrine

Local governments only have the powers granted to them by the state in a(n) _______ form of government.

unitary

All political power is concentrated in a centralized government.

unitary government

called for a bicameral Congress with equal representation in the upper house and representation by population in the lower house

virginia plan