American Government Chapter 7 quiz

Which of the following statements about digital media's effect on politics is true?

-digital media can make the spreading of misinformation and fake news easier - digital media can make it easier for individuals to limit their news exposure to only sources that confirm their preexisting views

Which of the following statements about how Americans consume news are correct, and which is incorrect?

-the greatest percentage of U.S. adults report receiving their news often or sometimes from a smartphone, computer, or tablet -a majority of U.S. adults report getting their news from television often or sometimes

Freedom of the press is found in which amendment

1st

which functions do the media serve in a democracy?

-monitor the government and politicians for wrongdoing -inform the public about current political issues - provide a forum for politicians to debate policies.

define priming

involves calling attention to some issues, and not others, when reporting on political events and officials

How has partisan polarization affected the media?

many mainstream news sources are not explicitly ideologically biased in one direction or another. Rather, most are centrist.

oldest form of media

newspapers

define mainstream news organizations-

organizations that adhere to the principles of journalism by doing original, balanced, factual reporting, using unpaid, credible sources; conducting interviews ethically; and avoiding personal bias by editors or reporters

define framing

the process of presenting information from a certain perspective in order to shape the audience's understanding of that information

True or false. Compared with network evening news shows, cable news stations such as MSNBL, Fox News, and CNN offer more commentary and detail in their news product.

true

define media echo chamber

users' beliefs are amplified or reinforced through repetition inside a closed system of communication

what effect has "Big Tech" had on news media?

Transforming media from news organizations to digital and citizen journalism has led to less rigorous fact-checking.

define right of rebutal

a Federal communications commission regulation giving individuals the right to respond to personal attacks made on a radio or television broadcast.

define adversarial journalism

a form of reporting in which the media adopt a skeptical or hostile posture toward the government and public officials.m

define media

americans generally believe that the media should inform the public about current political issues and events, and provide a forum for candidates, politicians, and the public to debate policies and issues, and act as a watchdog on the actions of politicians and government

broadest reach of all news sources

broadcast media

define misinformation

false, inaccurate, or misleading information in the media, especially social media; often targeting political candidates and leaders; misinformation can include manipulated or fabricated content, satire, and parody content to the public via airwaves on electromagnetic frequencies

what opinions Americans hold on issues

framing

One way the news media affect the public is through ____ , which is the power of the media to influence how events or issues are interpreted and understood. Through ____, the news media can influence the opinions that people form on a particular issue or policy. Another way the news media can shape politics is through ____, which occurs when an issue or other criteria becomes important in evaluating political candidates as a result of news coverage

framing, priming

define media monopolies -

giant, often global, corporations that control a wide array of media, including television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book and newspaper publishers, and digital media outlets

When politicians fight over calling a bill "health care reform" or "health care rationing," what are they trying to shape?

how the media frames the bill

Which of the following are consequences of the current increase in media monopolies?

individuals expressing less popular viewpoints may find it difficult to get media exposure.

What effect did the TeleCommunications Act of 1996 have on the Federal Communications Commission?

it loosened restrictions on media ownership

The media have been ______ aggressive in investigating the government in recent years than it used to be.

more

where do most Americans receive their news?

news aggregators, like Google News

define partisan media

news organizations that mix opinion-driven journalism with factual reporting in order to appeal to consumers who are ideologically liberal or conservative; often characterized by ideological agenda setting, priming, and framing.

define citizen journalism

news reporting and political commentary by ordinary citizens and bystanders, advocacy groups, and even crisis coverage from eyewitnesses on the scene, thus involving a wider range of voices in gathering news and interpreting political events

define filter bubble

online environment in which platform users are exposed to primarily opinions and information that conform to and reinforce their existing beliefs

define opinion-driven journalism

political blogs and talk shows where the writer or host provides highly opinionated personal commentary, usually through conversations with guests; these formats blur the boundaries between objective journalism and subjective reporting

what issues Americans use to evaluate political officials

priming

define principled journalism

reporting that involves being as accurate, fair, and balanced as possible, relying on original sources , being transparent about citing sources, and presenting multiple viewpoints

define algorithms

software programs that analyze the viewing, liking, and commenting data of all of a platform's users, as well as individual users' prior data, to present users with additional content tailored to their individual interests instead of ordering posts based on the most recently published.

define agenda setting

the media's designation of some issues, events, or people as important and others not

define journalism of assertion

the publishing or broadcasting of information or opinion as quickly as possible, with minimal fact-checking

define journalism of assertion-

the publishing or broadcasting of information or opinion as quickly as possible, with minimal fact-checking

define journalism of affirmation

the putting forth of opinion and information that is consistent with the consumer's preexisting beliefs

define equal time rule

the requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public

define confirmation bias

the tendency to favor information that confirms a person's existing beliefs; it involves discounting evidence that could disprove or challenge those beliefs

which of the following statements about the media is correct?

there is a consolidation of print media ownership, with a majority of the daily print newspapers in the United States owned by a few large media conglomerates.

which of these statements regarding American's trust in the media is true ?

those with greater trust in national news organizations tend to be more likely to see the news media as gaining influence, while those with low levels of trust tend to see it waning.

define news aggregators

websites that pull together news from a wide range of online sources and make them available on one platform or page; news aggregators can be a way to avoid partisan or filtered news, providing a broad overview of the news of the day from many sources

how do the media influence American politics?

The media influence what issues Americans think about through gatekeeping and agenda-setting and how Americans think about the issues through priming and framing of news coverage.

what issues Americans think about

agenda setting

Over the course of the coronavirus pandemic, the media have written many stories about President Biden's efforts to contain the spread of COVID by issuing vaccine mandates for federal employees and contractors and some stories on the economic relief package passed. What two means of media influence was this an example of?

agenda setting and priming

For much of the first half of the twentieth century, presidents and journalists had a fairly _______ relationship. This changed with the _____ when journalists became more _____ with government officials.

close, Vietnam War, adversarial

define broadcast media

communication methods such as television and radio; they tend to take the form of one publisher

Features the most interaction between audience and the press

digital media

the most open to new participants such as citizen journalists

digital media

define news websites

digital sites that are owned and managed by newspapers, follow the principles of journalism, and deliver content like that of print newspapers, with similar story layout for all users regardless of location, demographic characteristics, partisanship, or friend networks.