AMH2020 study guide

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882) An act used to halt immigration. Made the Chinese the first immigrant group subject to admission restrictions on the basis of race. They became the first illegal immigrants. It was meant to curb the influx of Chinese immigrants to the United States. It suspended Chinese immigration for ten years and declared immigrants ineligible for naturalization. Those who were already in the country challenged the constitutionality of the discriminatory acts but their efforts failed.

Great White Fleet

16 all-white battleships that were built by Theodore Roosevelt. This fleet was sailed on an international tour in 1907-1909 to inform the world of the united states Naval Power

Munn v. Illinois

1877, This is a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the power of gov't to regulate private industries. Developed as a result of Illinois legislature's responding in 1871 to pressure from the National Grange, an association of farmers, by setting maximum rates that private companies could charge for the storage and transport of agricultural products. Several labor parties formed in state and federal legislatures to protect farmers.

19th amendment

19th amendment: Passed in 1919 and was approved by Congress. It gave women the right to vote. Voter turnout for women improved along with participation in gov't, education, and economic opportunities. The Shepard-Towney Act which was passed in 1921 allowed maternity leave and health care for new mothers.

Panama Canal

: A canal that the U.S. was allowed to build after helping the Panamanians remove Columbian control in 1903. Panama give us 500 miles to build a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

supporters of literacy tests to restric immigration would most likely favor the view of speakers

A and C

What was the result of the railroad construction shown on the map?

A nationa market developed in the US

Harlem Renaissance

Also known as the New Negro Movement. 1920s-1930s. A blossoming of African American culture in New York city, more likely Harlem and it showed an appreciation for African American culture, music, literature, and art. Occurred in Harlem.

RMS Lusitania

British Naval ship that was sunk by Germans in 1915 that killed over a hundred Americans without warning. It and many other attacks raised the ire of the public and stroked the desire of war. It created many anti-German propaganda and resentment amongst the American public, but did not convince congress to declare due to the Schlieffen plan arranged between the US and Germany

Homestead Act

Created in 1862. Federal government gave land to (male or those who declared their intent to become citizens) settlers for free as long as they remained on it for 5 years. Railroads sold off land on either side of tracks. Excluded married women from filing claims because they were considered legal dependents of their husbands

18th Amendment

Created in 1918 due to the temperance movement. It prohibited the distribution and production of alcohol. Through 1919-1932 regulation of this amendment did limit power of liquor companies but led to the rise of organized crime. People began "bootlegging" manufacturing and selling alcohol illegally to "speakeasies" or underground nightclubs that distributed alcohol.

Battle of Little Bighorn

Happened in late June in 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. Federal troops were led by Colonel George Armstrong Custer against Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Occurred due to the constantly rising tensions that had started ever since the discovery of gold on Native American lands. Custer's 7th cavalry was vastly outnumbered and he and all his men were killed. Military expeditions were sent to crush Native resistance. All the natives split up but were eventually defeated

Red Scare

Hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists became known as this. The rise of fundamentalism and traditionalism came the rise in fear of immigration. Concerns of communism, the US created the FBI to find and detain suspected pies. From 1922-1929 communists, immigrants, socialists, Union Members, liberals, and anarchists were targeted without evidence to a series of FBI raids known as the Palmer Raids under J. Edgar Hoover. In 1926, two Italian anarchaists Sacco and Vanezetti were put to death for a murder they didn't commit.

Zimmerman Telegram

In 1917, the British intercepted this telegram prompting US to declare war on Germany and "make the world safe for Democracy". It is a diplomatic proposal from the German empire to Mexico to make war against the United States.

One goal of many Harlem Renaissance writers was to

Increase pride in African American culture

Laissez-faire

No government intervention in businesses and corporations. It was used by corporations to develop monopolies over a short period of time. It was introduced to America in the 1870s. Businessmen were free to buy out and own other competitive industries as well as trusts. Biggest Tycoons were Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan. Spencer's social Darwinism gave moral justification for national policies that minimized government interference in the economy for anything other than protection and support of business.

Women's Suffrage Movement

Originally began in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention in NY. This was the firsts women's rights convention. Mott and Stanton set the goals of education, improved legal status, economic opportunities, and voting rights. The national American Women's suffrage association was founded. Women's voter turnout improved along with participation in gov't, education, and economic opportunities. Suffrage is the right of women by law to vote in national or local elections.

Wilson's 14 Points

Points that Wilson gave for setting up post-war world with peace and the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, but the central powers were not allowed. France and Britain refused to follow all of his points and in 1919, they signed the Treaty of Versailles forcing Germany to sign without their consent.

The Jungle

Published in 1906 by Upton Sinclair. A book that used fictionalized stories of immigration to expose the truth of the Chicago meat-packing industry. It caused Theodore Roosevelt to convince congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) along with the FDA.

"Radical immigrants deported" "Bombs explode on wall street" "palmer raids critisized by congress" These post world war headlines are most clearly assoicated w/ the

Red scare

USS MAINE

The USS Maine was a United States battleship that was sent to the harbor of Havana, Cuba (where) in 1898 (when). The Maine was sent by William McKinley (who) to protect American investors in the area due to the looming threat of Revolution. The ship tragically blew up one night, killing over 206 American sailors (what). Though evidence did not point at the Spanish, Yellow Journalism automatically blamed the Spanish for destroying the ship, thus causing the United States to declare war on Spain and begin the Spanish-American war in the Caribbean and Pacific islands (why).

Which conclusion is most clearly supported by the map?

The federal gov't promoted trancontinental railroad construcion

Transcontinental Railroad

The first one was completed in the Spring of 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah and had connected Sacramento CA to council bluffs. The railroads opened up the West for settlement and rail companies sold remaining land leftover from gov't grants to settlers and it had quicker travel time. However, the railroads did place further pressure on the Indians but immigration and diversified population in the West did increase. Passes by Congress in 1862 with the First Pacific Railroad Act (2 rail companies Union and Central are given grants of money and land by the gov't to build lines connecting the West Coast to the eastern U.S rails). Allowed the US to become the most industrialized nation on Earth by the 1890s, Led to environmental changes (bison extinction) and created necessary standardized "time zones". Pacific railroad act gave bond between 16k and 48k for each mile of construction

Great Migration

The movement of 6 million African-American who had moved from racially biased south to northern cities for work. Occurred in the 1920's. It sparked significant racial conflict as white northerners and returning veterans fought to reclaim their jobs and their neighborhoods from new black migrants. New York Cities black population grew 257%.

Tweed Ring Scandal

The scandal that was created by Thomas Nast (a cartoonist) in 1871, which exposed a Democratic Representative of NY City. The Scandal shed light to Boss Tweeds corruption after the Orange Riots which cased a federal government investigation. After the scandal several progressives began investigations of every member of state and federal government. In 1901, a civil service test was administrated for any government workers. By 1913, the 17th amendment was ratified which allowed for direct election of senators.

What statement about President Theodore Roosevelt's Square deal is an opinion rather than a fact

The square deal was superior to any other presidents program

The passage of this act reflects the american publics perception that "The annual quota of any nationality shall be per centum of the number of foreign born individuals of such nationality resident in continental US as detemrined by the census of 1890, but the minimum quota of any nationality shall

Too many immigrants were coming into the country

In the late 1800s, rapid industrial development resulted in...

an increase in the rate of urbanization

The migration of African Americans to the North during and following World War I was mainly a result of the

availaility of new factory jobs

The "Holy War" illustrated in the cartoon was an effort to

ban the sale of alcoholic beverages

Which conclusion about Women's Suffrage is best supported by the information in the chart

before 1917, many of the western stats had granted women the right to vote

During the harlem renaissance of the 1920s African American authors and artists used literature and art to

celebrate the richness of their heritage

Which conclusion is best supported by the info on the graph?

changes in economic conditions led to changes in automobile productions

The division in public opinion over the scopes trial and prohibiton demonstrates which characteristic of the 1920s

clash of cultural values

Which statement best expresses the melting pot theory as it relates to American society

different cultures will blen to form a uniquely american culture

In the early 1900s, Progressive Era reformers sought to increase citizen participation in gov't by supporting the

direct election of senators

In the late 1800s the terms robber baron was used to describe some owners of big businesses primarily because they

eliminate competion using ruthless methods

many of the business trusts created in the late 1800s were eventually declared illegal primarily because they

eliminated competion by forming monopolies

A high protective tariff passed by congress in intended to affect the United States economy by

encouraging american manufacturing

In the early 1900s' the muckrakers provided service to the American public by

exposing abuses in gov't and industry

In the early 20th century, muckrakers were able to influence American society mainly by

exposing corruption inbusiness and gov

During the late 180s, which group strongly supported an open immigration policy

factory owners

In the 1870s, the Granger movement was organized to promote the intrests of...

farmers

the harlem renaissance promoted african american culture by

focusing attention on artistic contributions

In the second half of the 1800s the federal gov't encouraged the building of transcontinental railroads by

giving land to the railroad companies

In the 2nd half of the 1800's which development led to the other 3

growth of american cities

The harlem renaissance was important to american society because it

highlighted the cultural acheivements of african americans

Which type of federal tax was authorized by the 16th amendment in 1913

income

The convictions of Sacco and Vanzetti in the 1920s most closely reflected the

increase in nativist attitudes

During the 1920s, much of the debt accumulated by consumers was due to

installment buying of manufactured goods

"This, then, is held to be duty of the man of Wealth: First, to set an example of modest unostentations iving, shunning diplay or extravegance; to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him; and after doing so to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds which he is called upon to administer, and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which in his judgement is best caculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community" According to this passage, the responsibility of the wealthy is to

invest infuture industry to increase wealth

Which foreign policy did Warren G. Harding support when he used the phrase "return to normalcy" during his presidental campaign of 1920

isolationism

which statement about the stock market crash of 1929 is most accurate

it helped lead to the great depression

Lincoln Steffen's "The Shame of the Cities" and Ida Tarbell's "The History of the Standard Oil Company" or examples of the use of

muckraking

in the early 20th century what was the primary cause of the large scale migration of african american out of the rural south

opportunites for jobs in northern factories

Kansas Fool: We have the land to raise the wheat And everything that's good to eat And when we had no bonds or debts We were a jolly happy set... With abundent crops raised everywhere 'Tis a mystery I do declare Why farmers all should fume and fret And why we are so deep in debt... What is the basic cause of the farm problem described by these song lyrics

overproduction of farm crops

Which gov't action is most closely associated with the efforts of mucrackers

passage of the meat inspection act

"Governor Defeated in Recall Election" "Referendum Held on Term Limits" "Conservations Purpose Initiative on National Parks" These headlines are all examples of Progressive Era reforms designed to...

place more power in the hands of the voters

The formation of national labor unions in the late 1800s was mainly a response to

poor working conditions and low wages in many industries

The harlem renaissance of the 1920s most enhanced american ulture by

popularizing african american contribution to the arts

The US adopted the immigration policies shwn in the chart mainly because of

pressures from nativists and labor unions

In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) Congress intended to

prevent large companies from eliminating their competition

Duke ellington, Langston Hughes, and bessie smith are most closely associated with efforts to

promote the cultural identity of african americans through the arts

The Meat inspection Act (1906) and the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) were efforts by the federal govenment to

protect public health and safety

Upton Sinclair, Frank Norris, and Ida Tarbell made their greatest contributions to the Progressive movement by...

publishing books and articles to expose the problems of society

women gained a victory in the "war" shown in the cartoon through the

ratification of a constitutional amendent

Many farmers failed to share in the general prosperity of the 1920s mainly because they

recieved low prices for crops due to overproduction

The Interstate Commerce Act (1887( abd the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) were efforts by the federal gov't to

regulate some aspects of business

The Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were attempts by congress to

regulate the activites of big business

The immigrants referred to by speaker d were mainl from

southern and eastern europe

Which movement's primary goal was the ratification of a contitutional amendment authorizing Prohibition

temperance

In the late 1800s' the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman railcar strike were unsuccessful because

the government supported business owners

which factor contributed most to the repeal of national prohibition in 1933

the inability of governemnt to enforce the law

the overall trend shown on the graph was primarily the result of

the increased use of the assembly line

Which conclusion can best be drawn from the information from this chart

the middle states led the nation in all categories related to manufacturing

What was a major goal of the Dawes Act (1887)

to encourage assimilation of native american indians

During the 1920s, controversies concerning the Scopes trial, national Prohibition, and the behavior of "flappers" were all signs of disagreement over

traditional values and changing lifestyles

The failure of national Prohibtion led to a public awareness that

unpopular laws are difficult to enforce

A major goal of the immigration acts of the 1920s was to

use quotas to limit immigration from southern and eastern europe