Analog Circuits

Limits some part of a waveform from exceeding a specified value

What is the function of a limiter?

Provides an output increase in one step increments for each cycle of input

What is the function of a step counter?

AC waveform with constant amplitude and frequency.

What is the output of a sinusoidal oscillator?

pulse width

What term identifies the length of a pulse signal?

Parallel-Negative

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Parallel-Positive

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Parallel-Positive with Positive Bias

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Series-Negative

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Series-Negative with negative bias

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Series-Positive

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Series-Positive with negative bias

What type of Limiter is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Band Stop/Reject Filter

What type of filter does the above frequency response curve depict?

Band-Pass

What type of filter does the above frequency response curve depict?

High-Pass

What type of filter does the above frequency response curve depict?

Low-Pass

What type of filter does the above frequency response curve depict?

Pi-Configuration Band-Pass

What type of filter does the above schematic diagram depict?

Pi-Configuration Band-Stop/Band-Reject

What type of filter does the above schematic diagram depict?

Pi-Configuration High-Pass

What type of filter does the above schematic diagram depict?

Pi-Configuration Low-Pass

What type of filter does the above schematic diagram depict?

Armstrong

What type of oscillator is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Hartley

What type of oscillator is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Piezoelectric Effect

When a mechanical stress is applied to certain crystals, electricity or electrical polarity is produced. This is known as what?

Resultant waveform

When a sinewave at a higher harmonic is added to the sinewave's fundamental frequency, the new waveform is referred to as what?

Peaked Wave

When a sinewave's fundamental frequency is combined with the 3rd, 7th, & 11th harmonics 180 degrees out of phase, and the 5th, 9th, & 13th harmonics in phase, what type of waveform is created?

Inverse Piezoelectric Effect

When an alternating electrical current is applied to certain crystals, they begin to mechanically vibrate. This is called what?

Demodulators

Which analog circuit is designed to separate the intelligence from the carrier wave?

Filters.

Which analog device is designed to pass or block a specific frequency or frequency bandwidth?

Oscillator.

Which analog device provides a given waveform at a constant peak amplitude and specific frequency to maintain the waveform within its limits?

Buffer Amplifiers

Which analog device reduces the interaction between the load and the oscillator and is depicted in the above schematic diagram?

Filters.

Which analog device/circuit can be used to change pulsating DC to Pure DC?

An inductor in series and a capacitor in parallel

Which best describes a low pass filter?

Two parallel inductors with a capacitor in between.

Which best describes a type of high pass filter?

Load variations.

Which of the following can affect amplitude and frequency stability of an oscillator?

Bias variations.

Which of the following can affect amplitude stability of an oscillator?

Rise time.

Which of the following terms best describes the condition where the time it takes a pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of its maximum amplitude?

Fall time.

Which of the following terms best describes the condition where the time it takes a pulse to transition from 90% to 10% of its maximum amplitude?

Period.

Which of the following terms best describes the measurement of a waveform from any point in one cycle to the same point in the next cycle?

Colpitts.

Which oscillator has good frequency stability, easy to tune and can be used for a wide range of frequencies?

Crystal-controlled oscillators

Which type of oscillator uses Rochelle salts?

RC oscillators.

Which type of oscillator uses a capacitor and resistor in its design?

LC oscillators

Which type of oscillator uses a tank circuit?

Hartley

Which type of oscillator uses a tapped or split coil?

Armstrong

Which type of oscillator uses a tickler coil?

Sawtooth wave.

Which waveform consists of the fundamental frequency and all of the harmonics?

Square wave.

Which waveform consists of the fundamental frequency and all of the odd harmonics?

1/2*pi*R*C

What formula is used to find the Cutoff-Frequency of a filter?

Voltage.

What is produced when pressure is applied to a crystal?

Ringing.

"Which of the following consists of undesired oscillations, due to imperfect circuits?"

Detector circuit.

A demodulator is also known as a(an) ________?

Half-Wave Rectifier

A limiter is a _________?

False

Damping can be overcome by providing negative feedback ?

Restrains either the upper or lower extremity of a waveform to a fixed DC potential.

What is the function of a clamper?

Low/High

At the resonant frequency in an "LC" filter circuit, series "LC" components exhibit __________ impedance (Z) while parallel "LC" components (a "Tank" circuit) exhibits __________ impedance (Z).

An inductor in series and a resistor in parallel with the output.

Commonly, a low-pass filter has a capacitor in parallel with the output and an inductor in series with the output. What is another method of creating a low pass filter?

Damping.

Diminished oscillations with time is a result of ?

Collector current.

Frequency multipliers operate on the pulses of what?

Frequency multiplication

Harmonics are useful in electronics for?

Pulse width/period

How do you calculate the Duty Cycle of a square wave?

Colpitts

Identify the type of oscillator in figure 1, question 33 of the test review sheet.

Tuning capacitor

In a tuning circuit, what allows the resonant frequency (tuned frequency) to pass to the receiving circuitry?

No

Is it possible to create an oscillator with only an LC tank circuit?

Regenerative Feedback.

Positive feedback is also known as?

Measure T and compute 1/T

The best way to measure the frequency of an oscillating signal is ?

Flywheel effect.

The maintenance of oscillations between pulses of excitation energy is known as ?

3.

There are how many basic types (not categories) of oscillators?

Buffer.

These type of amplifiers have high input impedance and low output impedance and are used to reduce loading effects?

Regenerative Feedback.

To maintain oscillations and overcome damping, an oscillator circuit requires what?

True.

True or False: Capacitive reactance allows high frequency signals to experience low impedance?

False.

True or False: In a tank circuit the reactance is tuned to the resistance?

True

True or False: The two categories in which an oscillator can be classified according to their output wave are sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal.

False.

True or False: Inductive reactance provides low impedance to AC signals (high frequencies) and high impedance to DC signals (low frequencies)?

Oscillator.

What analog device converts a DC input into an alternating waveform at the output?

Voltage

What causes a crystal oscillator to mechanically vibrate?