Analyzing Data Vocabulary

Range

Calculated by the high minus the low

Mode

Most frequently occurring number in a data set

Univariate

One-variable data.

Bivariate

Two variables

Standard Deviation

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.

Outlier

A data point far away from the other data points

Box Plot

A diagram that shows the five number summary of a distribution. (Five number summary includes lowest value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and highest value.)

Histogram

A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data.

Scatterplot

A graph on a coordinate place where two corresponding data points are paired to make an ordered pair.

Dot Plot

A graph that summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis

Percentile

A number that tells us what percent of the total number of data values that lie at or below a certain level

Relative Frequency

A percent formed by frequency (count)/ Total count

Line of best fit

A straight line drawn to best describe a scatter plot that appears to have a linear relationship

Causal

Implying a cause-and-effect relationship

5 number summary

Minimum, Q1, Median, Q3, Maximum

Residual

The "left-overs" that are the differences between the data value and the value on the line of best fit.

Correlation coefficient

The value given during linear regression that determines the strength of the linear model. The closer to 1 or -1, the stronger the linear model. The closer to 0 the weaker the linear the model.

Uniform Distribution

Distribution where all of the values are about the same

Symmetrical Distribution

Distribution where it is lower on each side and higher in the middle

Skewed

Distribution where most of the data is to the right (negatively skewed) or to the left (positively skewed)

Mean

The average of all the numbers in a data set

Interquartile Range

The difference between the upper (Q3) and lower (Q1) quartiles.

1st Quartile

The number in the middle of the bottom half of the data set

Median

The number in the middle of the data set when the data is put in order from least to greatest

3rd Quartile

The number in the middle of the top half of the data set

Quartile

The numbers that separate the set into four equal parts