Anaphy Muscular System

Which movement is opposite to abduction?

adduction

What is covered by the endomysium?

an individual muscle cell

What type of exercise causes increase in muscle size?

anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic glycolysis requires ________ to make ATP.

both oxygen and glucose

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the ________.

buccinator

What mineral is released within muscle cells to trigger contraction?

calcium

Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle

cardiac

The arrangement of fascicles in orbicularis oris is ________.

circular

What term refers to a smooth, sustained contraction?

complete tetanus

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ________.

contractility

ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a disease that results in progressive paralysis. While the ultimate cause is unknown, __________ is the direct cause of the paralysis.

degeneration of motor neurons

Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers?

extensor digitorum longus

Which of these muscles is named for the arrangement of its fascicles?

external oblique

A smooth, sustained contraction, with no evidence of relaxation, is called

fused, or complete, tetanus

Skeletal muscle, as a whole, can generate different amounts of force, and different degrees of shortening, in response to stimuli. What is this concept called?

graded response

Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________.

isotonic contractions

What is the main function of the quadriceps group?

knee extension

What metabolic waste accumulates in muscle with excessive exertion?

lactic acid

Which consists of two large, flat muscles that cover the lower back?

latissimus dorsi

Which one of the following is NOT a criterion generally used in naming muscles?

method of attachment of the muscle to bone

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates are termed a ________.

motor unit

What muscles acts as a synergist to masseter and closes the jaw?

temporalis

Jason injured his hamstring muscle group during football practice. He will be unable to perform ________.

thigh extension and knee flexion

Which facial muscle is considered the "smiling" muscle since it raises the corners of the mouth?

zygomaticus

What changes occur in the sarcomere during muscle contraction?

Z discs move closer together.

While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________.

abduction

Which term does NOT describe smooth muscle cells?

skeletal