Anat Test 2 Study Guide

Which of the following is not a feature of epithelia?

Abundant extracellular material

Identify the scapular feature labeled 1

Acromion

The hypodermis is characterized by an abundance of which tissue?

Adipose tissue

Which of the following is not a connective tissue?

Aerobic connective tissue

What is shown in this picture? 2

Anterior view of the left femur

Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of __________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp.

Apocrine

Mammary glands are modified ___ glands that develop within the female breasts.

Apocrine

The ____ glands are a source of sex pheromones'

Apocrine

Identify the cutaneous gland labeled 1

Apocrine sweat gland

Hypersecretion of which hormone(s) would result in hypocalcemia?

B

Which cell is responsible for bone deposition?

B

Which of these bones is the hamate?

B

Which tissue would be found lining the lumen of the trachea?

B

If this were the femur of a ten-year-old child, where would red marrow be found?

B & C

Where in the body would this tissue be found?1

Calcaneal tendon

Which hormone(s) is(are) represented by B?

Calcitonin

Which hormone(s) is(are) represented by A?

Calcitrol

The picture shows a vertebrae from the _____ region of the spinal column

Cervical

The spinous process has a bifid tip in most ______ vertebrae.

Cervical

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

Chondroblasts; Fibroblasts

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

Collagen

Which of the following best describes the composition of the dermis?

Collagen and fibroblasts

A rounded knob that articulates with another bone is called a(n)___

Condyle

Identify the scapular feature labeled 2

Coracoid process

Name the feature labeled 4 on this diagram?

Coronoid process

This diagram shows the distal end of the femur. Which letter indicates the lateral condyle?

D

Which letter corresponds to the trochlea on this diagram of the distal humerus?

D

Which of the following is the metacarpal bone?

D

___ glands ( such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytes. ____ glands (such as oil producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Eccrine; Holocrine

Which type of connective tissue is abundant in the walls of arteries, and in the airway?

Elastic tissue

Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial?

Epidermis

Where would this tissue be found in the human body?2

Epiglottis

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

Epithelial

The basement membrane is found between ____ and ____

Epithelium ; Connective Tissue

Which of the bones below does not belong to the appendicular skeleton?

Ethmoid

Which of the following bones is a single unpaired bone?

Ethmoid

____ tissue respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Excitable

The ribs labeled 2 on this diagram are known as the ________

False ribs

Which of the following is not found in the epidermis?

Fibroblasts

What tissue is the callus at B largely formed from?

Fibrocartilage

The small pit labeled 1 is called the ______

Fovea captis

Identify the scapular feature labeled 3

Glenoid cavity

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope

When you are sitting, your body weight rests on which of the following?

Ischial tuberosity

Calluses or corns are the result of accelerated multiplication by ___________.

Keratinocytes

Which of the following bones forms bulk of the hard palate?

Maxilla

Which of the following is found in the palm of your hand?

Metacarpal

All of these contribute to the wall of the orbit except the __________ bone.

Nasal

Name the bone highlighted green in the picture (foot) 2

Navicular

____ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the ___

Nonkeratinized ; Vagina

Which of the following articulates with the vertebral column?

Occipital condyle

Name the feature labeled 1 on this diagram?

Olecranon

When___ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called___

Osteoblasts; osteocytes

Identify the bone highlighted in green 3

Palatine bone

Name the layer of skin labeled 1

Papillary dermis

Which bone helps the coronal, lambdoid, and squamous sutures of the skull?

Parietal bone

Which of the following bones is adjacent to both the coronal and lambdoid sutures?

Parietal bone

Which of the following ae not considered facial bones?

Parietal bones

Which bone is labeled 1 in this diagram of the wrist?

Pisiform

What is shown in this picture? 1

Posterior view of the left humerus

What is shown in this picture?

Posterior view of the left scapula

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hallow organs?

Smooth muscle

Where would this tissue be found in the human body?4

Spinal cord

The____ suture separates the temporal bone from the parietal bone

Squamous

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

Storage of red blood cells

___ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ___ epithelium is rare.

Stratified squamous ; stratified columnar

What type of tissue is found in the most superficial layer of skin?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells?

Stratum corneum

Most of the bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints called

Sutures

Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?

Tactile cells

Name the bone highlighted green in the picture (foot) 1

Talus

How does the structure of the papillary dermis relate to its functional properties?

The loosely organized tissue allows the diffusion of nutrients and the movement of white blood cells between the dermis and the avascular epidermis

Use this picture to examine and compare the tissue structure in the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. Which of the following best describes your observation?

The reticular layer is thicker and more fibrous. The papillary is a thinner zone of more loosely organized tissue containing many " wander" white blood cells.

Which of the following do costal cartilages connect?

The ribs with the sternum

___ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue.

Third degree

The picture shows a vertebrae from the _______ region of the spinal column

Thoracic

What is the function of the tissue?4

To conduct electrical impulses

What is the function of the tissue?1

To connect bone to bone

What is the function of the tissue?3

To generate heat

What is the function of the tissue?2

To provide flexible support

Which of the following tissue is not found as part of the long bone?

Transitional epithelium

The part of the humerus highlighted in green is called the______

Trochlea

Which of the following is not found on a typical vertebrae?

Vertebral head

Which bone is part of the skull and not just associated with it?

Vomer

Name the bone labeled 2

Zygomatic bone

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called _____

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

The ____ does not belong to the femur

anterior border

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as __________.

appositional growth

Examine the picture showing the two layer dermis, then choose the correct words to complete this sentence. The papillary layer of the dermis is made up of _________, and the reticular layer of the dermis is made up of _____.

areolar tissue; dense irregular connective tissue

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

areolar; cartilage

The "ABCD" rule

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter

Basal cell carcinoma initially affects cells of the stratum _______

basale

Bone elongation is a result of

cartilage growth

It is common to find __________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.

central canals

The cortex of the long bone's diaphysis is made of _________.

compact bone

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) _____, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) _____, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) ____.

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

The articular surface labeled 2 and 3 on this figure are the medial and lateral _______

condyles

Osseous tissue is a _____ tissue

connective

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

Blood vessels in the ___ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition.

dermal papilla

Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our __________.

dermal papillae

Identify the cutaneous gland labeled 2

eccrine sweat gland

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________.

elastic cartilage

The thin layer of slightly denser spongy bone that separates an adult's epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the __________.

epiphysial line

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail is called the ______

eponychium

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

eumelanin and pheomelanin

The acetabulum articulates with the

femur

The ___ is an example of bone as an organ;_____ bone is an example of bone as a tissue.

femur; spongy

Skin covering the _____ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

fingertips

Intramembranous ossification produces the ______

flat bones of the skull

The ribs labeled 1 on this diagram are known as the ________

floating ribs

A hole through a bone that usually allows passage for nerves and blood vessels is called a(n) __________

foramen

Appositional bone growth is a process that _______.

forms new bone on the surface of older bone

One difference between the male and female pelvis is that the subpubic angle of a female is generally______

greater than 100 degrees

The bump labeled 2 is called the ___

greater trochanter

A pilus is a

hair

The contraction of the arrector muscles in humans causes _____

hairs to stand on end with no apparent function

What is the blood clot at A called?

hematoma

The ______ is a U-shaped bone that sits above the larynx yet does not articulate with any other bone

hyoid bone

Which of the following is not part of the skin?

hypodermis

The sheet of connective tissue labeled 5 on this figure is called the ____ membrane.

interosseous

What type of growth occurs at E?

interstitial

The bony ridge labeled 3 is called the _____

intertrochanteric line

Identify the bone highlighted in green 2

maxilla

Identify the bone highlighted in green1

maxilla

Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of __________.

mechanical stress on bone remodeling

Hypocalcemia can cause

muscle spasms

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and ______

neurolgia

Bone-forming cells are called

osteoblasts

New bone is deposited by cells known as

osteoblasts

Any bony prominence is called a(n) ___________.

process

Name the bone highlighted green in the picture 1

radius

The antebrachium contains the __________.

radius and ulna

The acromion is an anatomical feature of the _____

scapula

The glenoid cavity of the _____ articulates with the head of the _____

scapula; humerus

Identify the cutaneous gland labeled 3

sebaceous gland

Use this picture to carefully examine the histology of the apocrine and sebaceous glands, then choose the correct words to complete the following sentence. The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands is made up of ____ epithelium, and the secretory portion of sebaceous glands is made up of ____ epithelium.

simple cuboidal; stratified cuboidal

Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ______, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called ________.

soft callus; hard callus

Fontanelle are __________ in an infant.

spaces between the unfused cranial bones

The end of the clavicle is labeled 1 is called the ______ end.

sternal

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the ___

stratum basale

The ___ is absent from most epidermis.

stratum lucidum

Skeletal muscle is described as

striated and voluntary

Sinuses are absent from which bone?

temporal

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

Male and female pelves differ in all of the following features except __________.

the female sacrum is longer

A soft callus forms during

the healing of a fracture

In the intestine, ___ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them

tight junctions

Blood functions to

transport nutrients to the tissues

Rib 7 is a __________ rib.

true rib

The ribs labeled 3 on this diagram are known as the ________

true ribs

Name the bone highlighted green in the picture 2

ulna

Red bone marrow does not contain

yellow bone marrow

The expanded ends of a long bone are called the _______.

epiphyses

The base where a hair follicle originates in the skin is known as the ___

hair bulb

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the __________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the __________.

periosteum; endosteum

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

From superior to inferior, how many individual vertebrae are there of each type?

7;12;5;5;4

Which tissue would be found lining the lumen of the small intestine?

A

What is a sesamoid bone?

A bone that forms within some tendons in response to stress

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

A calcified matrix

Which accessory structure is highlighted in the picture?

Hair

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Hematoma formation- soft callus formation- hard callus formation- bone remodelling

A young girl falls off her bike and lands on her hand, breaking the medial bone of her antebrachium. Which bone did she break?

Her ulna

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ___, which is replaced by bone

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered?

Hypodermis

Name the portion of the hip bone highlighted in green 1

Ilium

Where are chondrocytes and osteocytes located?

In lacunae

What is shown in this picture?

Lateral view of the left hip (coxal) bone

Which of the following is not a function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Lower blood calcium

What is the white opaque "moon" often found at the proximal end of a fingernail called?

Lunule

Name the bone labeled 4

Mandible

All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

Pseudostratified columnar

Name the portion of the hip bone highlighted in green 3

Pubis

Which of the following is the most lateral bone in the forearm?

Radius

Name the layer of skin labeled 2

Reticular Dermis

Name the bone highlighted green in the picture 3

Scaphoid

Which of the following is the most common spinal curvature?

Scoliosis

The oil on your scalp is secreted by _______ glands associated with hair follicles.

Sebaceous

All of the following are found on the temporal bone except _____

Sella turcica

The___ houses the pituitary gland (hypophysis) and is found in the _____

Sella turcica; sphenoid bone

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

Simple columnar

An epithelium with a single layer of tall cells would be classified as which type of epithelium?

Simple columnar epithelium

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

Simple cuboidal

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

Simple squamous

_____ is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas ___ is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Simple squamous epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

___ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membrane.

Areolar tissue

Where would this tissue be found in the human body?3

Biceps brachii

Use this picture to carefully examine the structure of the apocrine and sebaceous gland ducts. Which of the following statements is true?

Both types of glands release their products into hair follicles

Use this picture to carefully examine the secretory portions of these three types of cutaneous glands. (Note: "Lumina" is the plural for "Lumen".) Which of the following statements is true?

Both types of sweat gland have Lumina, but the sebaceous gland does not

How does the structure of the reticular dermis relate to its functional properties?

Bundles of densely packed collagen fibers help the skin withstand stretching in many different directions.

Which tissue would be found lining the lumen of the vagina?

C

___ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal.

Cerumen

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except

DNA synthesis

Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens?

Dendritic cells

Which of the following is found on the axis vertebrae?

Dens (odontoid process)

Which cell is responsible for bone resorption?

E

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called

Fibrosis

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except_____tissue

Fibrous

Which of the following is not considered a weight-bearing bone?

Fibula

The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with sever burns is _____

Fluid loss

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

Goblet

Name the portion of the hip bone highlighted in green 2

Ischium

Which of the following is not true of a thoracic vertabrae?

It has a pair of transverse foramina

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____.

Marrow cavity

Name the bone labeled 3

Maxilla

What is shown in this picture?

Medial view of the left hip (coxal) bone

Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body?

Merocrine gland

The skin is a barrier to all of the following except __________.

Metals such as mercury

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of ____

Metaplasia