Anatomy 101 Ch.7-9 Review

Bone tissue is largely composed of what two items?

Collegen and Inorganic Salts

Which muscle is the prime mover of shoulder abduction (abduction of the arm)?

Deltoid

Degenerative disorder of joints

Osteoarthritis

Amphiarthrotic joints

Slightly Movable

Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is __________ to contract and __________ to relax.

Slower;Slower

Torn or overstretched ligaments

Sprain

What is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?

Twitch

Medial Bone of the forearm-

Ulna

What is the role of vitamin D in bone development?

Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the small intestine which is used to build bone matrix.

How many bones are in the human body?

206

The striations seen in skeletal muscle consist of alternating dark bands, called the __________ bands, and light bands, called the __________ bands

A; I

What is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called?

Abduction

Describe how action potentials travel from the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fibers, resulting in the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.

Action potentials travel along T tubles.

Muscles that flex the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm while those that extend the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm.

Anterior; Posterior

Protective layer that covers bone ends

Articular Cartilage

What type of synovial joint involves one bone end with a globular head that fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone end?

Ball and socket

Where are joints called sutures found?

Between the flat bones in the skull

Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called

Bursae

Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint

Bursitis

In what type of muscle do muscle impulses pass freely from cell to cell, resulting in contraction of the entire muscle, not just individual fibers?

Cardiac muscle and visceral smooth muscle

Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as ___

Cartilaginous

Articular facets face superior/interior

Cervical

Have a transverse foramen

Cervical

Have some bifid spinous process

Cervical

the collar bone is the

Clavicle

With age, range of motion __________ in joints and the production of synovial fluid ______

Decreases; Decreases

Walking on heels is an example of

Dorsiflexion

Anular ligament

Elbow Joint

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Elbow Joint

What is the end of a long bone called?

Epiphysis

Doing a backbend is an example of

Extension

Thigh bone

Femur

lateral lower leg bone

Fibula

Based on their shape, the bones of the skull can be classified as what type of bone?

Flat Bones

The metabolic process that generates a net of two ATP molecules in the cytosol of a muscle fiber is called __________ .

Glycolysis

The upper arm bone is called the

Humerus

When you sit in a chair with your feet on the floor, you have to __________ your hips and __________ your knees.

Flex;Flex

Bending of the knee

Flexion

Diarthrotic Joints

Freely movable

From what do intramembranous bone form?

From sheetlike layers of unspecialized connective tissue

Contraction of the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis will move the __________.

Head

Lliofenoral and Pubofemoral ligaments

Hip Joint

Synarthrotic joints

Immovable

Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Knee Joint

Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments

Knee Joint

What happens when the epiphyseal plate is ossified?

Lengthening of the bone is no longer possible

Have the largest size vertebral bodies

Lumbar

Spinous processes are blunted and short

Lumbar

Intermittent disorder cause by bacterial infection

Lyme arthritis

Which of the following is found inferior to the maxilla and has a posterior articulation with the temporal bone?

Mandibular Bone

Fibrocartilage disc within joints

Menisci

What is a function of bone that is due to its relationship with skeletal muscle?

Movement of limbs

What is the term for the inability of a muscle to contract after rigorous exercise?

Muscle Fatigue

Name the type of synapse that occurs between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Neuromuscular junction

Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. __________ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and __________ are responsible for replacing it

Osteoclast; Osteoblast

The osteocytes in compact bone are arranged within cylinder-shaped units called?

Osteons

Knee cap

Patella

What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?

Plane joint

Pushing jaw forward is an example of

Protraction

The lateral bone of the forearm

Radius

Movement of a body part backward along a transverse plane is called?

Retraction

Pulling head backward is an example of

Retraction

Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition

Rheumatoid Arthritis

What type of synovial joint involves two bone ends that each have both concave and convex regions?

Saddle (sellar) Joint

Name the functional units of contraction in a muscle fiber

Sarcomere

The Shoulder blade is called the

Scapula

Transverse humeral ligamen

Shoulder Joint

Name the organelles that store neurotransmitter molecules within the distal end of a motor neuron axon.

Synaptic Vesicles

The presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint?

Synovial

Lining of joint cavity; secrets fluid

Synovial Membrane

Name the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone.

Tendons

What is an organ that is protected by bones of the axial skeleton?

The Heart

Have articular facets on the transverse process

Thoracic

Have facets that articulate with a rib

Thoracic

Medial Lower leg bone

Tibia

In order for a skeletal muscle fiber to contract, calcium must bind to __________ .

Troponin

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

plantar flexion

What is the definition of hematopoiesis?

process of blood cell formation