Anatomy 101 Ch.7-9 Review
Bone tissue is largely composed of what two items?
Collegen and Inorganic Salts
Which muscle is the prime mover of shoulder abduction (abduction of the arm)?
Deltoid
Degenerative disorder of joints
Osteoarthritis
Amphiarthrotic joints
Slightly Movable
Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle is __________ to contract and __________ to relax.
Slower;Slower
Torn or overstretched ligaments
Sprain
What is the term for the contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single muscle impulse?
Twitch
Medial Bone of the forearm-
Ulna
What is the role of vitamin D in bone development?
Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the small intestine which is used to build bone matrix.
How many bones are in the human body?
206
The striations seen in skeletal muscle consist of alternating dark bands, called the __________ bands, and light bands, called the __________ bands
A; I
What is the movement of a body part away from the midline in the frontal plane called?
Abduction
Describe how action potentials travel from the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fibers, resulting in the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm.
Action potentials travel along T tubles.
Muscles that flex the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm while those that extend the wrist are found on the __________ side of the forearm.
Anterior; Posterior
Protective layer that covers bone ends
Articular Cartilage
What type of synovial joint involves one bone end with a globular head that fits into a cup-shaped cavity on the other bone end?
Ball and socket
Where are joints called sutures found?
Between the flat bones in the skull
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion synovial joints are called
Bursae
Inflammation of fluid-filled sacs associated with a joint
Bursitis
In what type of muscle do muscle impulses pass freely from cell to cell, resulting in contraction of the entire muscle, not just individual fibers?
Cardiac muscle and visceral smooth muscle
Joints in which the bone ends are bound together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage are classified as ___
Cartilaginous
Articular facets face superior/interior
Cervical
Have a transverse foramen
Cervical
Have some bifid spinous process
Cervical
the collar bone is the
Clavicle
With age, range of motion __________ in joints and the production of synovial fluid ______
Decreases; Decreases
Walking on heels is an example of
Dorsiflexion
Anular ligament
Elbow Joint
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments
Elbow Joint
What is the end of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
Doing a backbend is an example of
Extension
Thigh bone
Femur
lateral lower leg bone
Fibula
Based on their shape, the bones of the skull can be classified as what type of bone?
Flat Bones
The metabolic process that generates a net of two ATP molecules in the cytosol of a muscle fiber is called __________ .
Glycolysis
The upper arm bone is called the
Humerus
When you sit in a chair with your feet on the floor, you have to __________ your hips and __________ your knees.
Flex;Flex
Bending of the knee
Flexion
Diarthrotic Joints
Freely movable
From what do intramembranous bone form?
From sheetlike layers of unspecialized connective tissue
Contraction of the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis will move the __________.
Head
Lliofenoral and Pubofemoral ligaments
Hip Joint
Synarthrotic joints
Immovable
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
Knee Joint
Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
Knee Joint
What happens when the epiphyseal plate is ossified?
Lengthening of the bone is no longer possible
Have the largest size vertebral bodies
Lumbar
Spinous processes are blunted and short
Lumbar
Intermittent disorder cause by bacterial infection
Lyme arthritis
Which of the following is found inferior to the maxilla and has a posterior articulation with the temporal bone?
Mandibular Bone
Fibrocartilage disc within joints
Menisci
What is a function of bone that is due to its relationship with skeletal muscle?
Movement of limbs
What is the term for the inability of a muscle to contract after rigorous exercise?
Muscle Fatigue
Name the type of synapse that occurs between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
Neuromuscular junction
Throughout life, bone tissue continues to change. __________ are responsible for resorbing bone matrix and __________ are responsible for replacing it
Osteoclast; Osteoblast
The osteocytes in compact bone are arranged within cylinder-shaped units called?
Osteons
Knee cap
Patella
What type of synovial joint involves two flat (or nearly flat) bone surfaces?
Plane joint
Pushing jaw forward is an example of
Protraction
The lateral bone of the forearm
Radius
Movement of a body part backward along a transverse plane is called?
Retraction
Pulling head backward is an example of
Retraction
Inflammation of a joint due to autoimmune condition
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What type of synovial joint involves two bone ends that each have both concave and convex regions?
Saddle (sellar) Joint
Name the functional units of contraction in a muscle fiber
Sarcomere
The Shoulder blade is called the
Scapula
Transverse humeral ligamen
Shoulder Joint
Name the organelles that store neurotransmitter molecules within the distal end of a motor neuron axon.
Synaptic Vesicles
The presence of a joint capsule is associated with what type of joint?
Synovial
Lining of joint cavity; secrets fluid
Synovial Membrane
Name the cordlike structures that connect muscles to bone.
Tendons
What is an organ that is protected by bones of the axial skeleton?
The Heart
Have articular facets on the transverse process
Thoracic
Have facets that articulate with a rib
Thoracic
Medial Lower leg bone
Tibia
In order for a skeletal muscle fiber to contract, calcium must bind to __________ .
Troponin
Pointing the toes is an example of ________.
plantar flexion
What is the definition of hematopoiesis?
process of blood cell formation