anatomy 102 exam 3
which of the following enzymes acts on peptide bonds? *no ton test*
peptidase
what structure/substance lies between the lens and the retina?
posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)
which of the following transport dietary lipids?
chylomicrons
___________ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions.
chyme
which structure is not unique to the stomach?
circular folds (plicae circulares)
which of the following are used in the intermediate stage? *not on test*
pyruvic acid
Name the layer labeled E
enteric nervous system
which of the following accessory organs that function to concentrate bile?
gall bladder
the major hormones of the GI tract that directly control digestion are
gastrin, secretin, and CCK
which hormone opposes the action of insulin on glucose?
glucagon
glucagon stimulates
gluconeogenesis
glycolysis, formation of coA, citric acid, and ETC are all involved in
glucose catabolism
which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs?
glycogen
which of the following places the events of glucose catabolism in the correct order?
glycolysis, formation of acetyl coA, citric acid, ETC
all of the following structures contribute to the Portal Triads of the hepatic lobules except:
hepatic vein
which of the following are structures of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear that are involved in static equilibrium?
saccule
what is NOT part of the vascular tunic of the eye?
scleral venous sinus/ Canal of Schlemm
which hormone stimulates to release bicarbonate from the pancreas to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine?
secretin
the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine secrete
secretin and CCK
vitamins
serve as coenzymes
which of the following accessory organ relaxes to release a blend of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum?
sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic sphincter)
parasympathetic innervation of the rectum occurs through
spinal nerve S2-S4
which of the following structures contains otoliths (ear stones)?
macula of the saccule
which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing linear acceleration of your head?
macule of the utricle
which ear structure is correctly matched with its function?
auditory ossicles: dampen sound waves before they reach the oval window
the bulk of your total energy expenditure is due to your
basal metabolic rate
why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?
because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
fatty acids may be converted to actetyl CoA through a process called
beta oxidation
the mesocolon
binds the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall
the amount of glucagon that is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas glands (Isles of Langerhans) varies with *not on test*
blood glucose levels
what is structure labeled A in the following image?
cardia
chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called
catabolism
which of the follow statements is false?
a protein-rich meal inhibits the vagus nerve (CN X)
if adequate oxygen is present in the mitochondria, pyruvic acid will be converted to ______; if conditions are anaerobic, pyruvic acid will be converted to ________.
acetyl CoA; lactic acid
acetyl coenzyme A * not on exam*
all are correct
where does the citric acid cycle take place?
mitochondria
which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?
amylase
chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as
anabolism
which layer regulated by the submucosa plexus secretes mucous (mucin)?
mucosa
which of the following layers of the of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle in the esophagus?
muscularis
rods
only have monochromatic vision
the area devoid of photoreceptors in the retina (blinds spot) is the
optic disk
the enzyme, produced in the organ labeled F, that digests complex carbohydrates and produces disaccharides during digestion is called:
pancreatic amylase
which major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes?
pancreatic duct
which of the following enzymes is NOT matched correctly with its substrate?
trypsin - lipids and disaccharides
parasympathetic neurons are supplied to the pancreas by which nerve(s)
vagus nerve (CN X)
structures that increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients and water by the small intestine include
villi, microvilli, and circular folds
which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?
vitamin E
perilymph is located in the 1. scala tympani 2. cochlear duct 3. bony labyrinth of the semicircular ducts (canals)
1 and 3
gastrin 1. stimulates secretion of large amounts of gastric juice 2. strengthens contraction of the pyloric sphincter 3. secretion is stimulated by low pH and inhibited by high pH * not on test*
1 only
which is the correct order of events of sound transmission through the ear? 1. sound waves strike the eardrum 2. the ear ossicles vibrate 3. hair cells of the organ of Corti vibrate 4. the stapes stimulate the oval window 5. sounds waves enter the scala vestibuli
1, 2, 4, 5, 3
which of the following is/are more likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? 1. stretch receptors 2. neurons of the autonomic nervous system 3. muscle fibers of the muscularis mucosa *not on test*
1, 2, and 3
when the hormone gastrin from G-cells in the stomach acts on its neighboring parietal, chief, and mucus cells without entering the blood stream, what mechanism does it use? 1. tropic hormone 2. paracrine 3. autocrine 4. circulating hormone
2 only
identify the structure that determines eye color
A
which figure illustrates nearsightedness before it has been corrected?
C
which hormone is released by high levels of dietary nutrients in the small intestine?
CCK (cholecystokinin)
identify the structure that filters blood to for aqueous humor
D
which of the following cells secretes gastric lipase? *not on test*
D
which structure of the inner ear contains three internal channels?
D
which of the following cells secrete a hormone involved with increasing digestion?
E
which cell secretes a hormone that promotes the production of pepsinogen?
G cells
which component of gastric juices is produced by the parietal cells in the stomach begins the digestion process by denaturing proteins?
Hydrochloric acid
the indicated structure
connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
the myenteric plexus
controls the contractile strength and frequency of the muscularis
which of the structures listen below converts movements of angular acceleration in the endolymph into action potentials?
crista ampularis
where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm
aqueous humor
drains into the Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus) at the Limbus
lipogenesis would most likely be stimulated by
insulin
the enterogastric reflex *not on test*
is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum
what is a characteristic of the targeted object?
it provides an attachment for the extrinsic muscles of the eye
the structure indicated
joins the common bile duct
the axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the
thalamus
which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
the gall bladder is a hollow muscular organ that is part of the alimentary canal
the macula is the area where
there are more cones than rods
which of the follow is true about cones?
they are most numerous in the central region of the retina (foveola)