anatomy 102 exam 3

which of the following enzymes acts on peptide bonds? *no ton test*

peptidase

what structure/substance lies between the lens and the retina?

posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)

which of the following transport dietary lipids?

chylomicrons

___________ stimulates increased secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in bicarbonate ions.

chyme

which structure is not unique to the stomach?

circular folds (plicae circulares)

which of the following are used in the intermediate stage? *not on test*

pyruvic acid

Name the layer labeled E

enteric nervous system

which of the following accessory organs that function to concentrate bile?

gall bladder

the major hormones of the GI tract that directly control digestion are

gastrin, secretin, and CCK

which hormone opposes the action of insulin on glucose?

glucagon

glucagon stimulates

gluconeogenesis

glycolysis, formation of coA, citric acid, and ETC are all involved in

glucose catabolism

which of the following is not a major nutrient the body needs?

glycogen

which of the following places the events of glucose catabolism in the correct order?

glycolysis, formation of acetyl coA, citric acid, ETC

all of the following structures contribute to the Portal Triads of the hepatic lobules except:

hepatic vein

which of the following are structures of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear that are involved in static equilibrium?

saccule

what is NOT part of the vascular tunic of the eye?

scleral venous sinus/ Canal of Schlemm

which hormone stimulates to release bicarbonate from the pancreas to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine?

secretin

the enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine secrete

secretin and CCK

vitamins

serve as coenzymes

which of the following accessory organ relaxes to release a blend of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum?

sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic sphincter)

parasympathetic innervation of the rectum occurs through

spinal nerve S2-S4

which of the following structures contains otoliths (ear stones)?

macula of the saccule

which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing linear acceleration of your head?

macule of the utricle

which ear structure is correctly matched with its function?

auditory ossicles: dampen sound waves before they reach the oval window

the bulk of your total energy expenditure is due to your

basal metabolic rate

why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

fatty acids may be converted to actetyl CoA through a process called

beta oxidation

the mesocolon

binds the transverse and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall

the amount of glucagon that is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas glands (Isles of Langerhans) varies with *not on test*

blood glucose levels

what is structure labeled A in the following image?

cardia

chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called

catabolism

which of the follow statements is false?

a protein-rich meal inhibits the vagus nerve (CN X)

if adequate oxygen is present in the mitochondria, pyruvic acid will be converted to ______; if conditions are anaerobic, pyruvic acid will be converted to ________.

acetyl CoA; lactic acid

acetyl coenzyme A * not on exam*

all are correct

where does the citric acid cycle take place?

mitochondria

which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts on glycogen and starches?

amylase

chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as

anabolism

which layer regulated by the submucosa plexus secretes mucous (mucin)?

mucosa

which of the following layers of the of the GI tract contains skeletal muscle in the esophagus?

muscularis

rods

only have monochromatic vision

the area devoid of photoreceptors in the retina (blinds spot) is the

optic disk

the enzyme, produced in the organ labeled F, that digests complex carbohydrates and produces disaccharides during digestion is called:

pancreatic amylase

which major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes?

pancreatic duct

which of the following enzymes is NOT matched correctly with its substrate?

trypsin - lipids and disaccharides

parasympathetic neurons are supplied to the pancreas by which nerve(s)

vagus nerve (CN X)

structures that increase the surface area to facilitate absorption of nutrients and water by the small intestine include

villi, microvilli, and circular folds

which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

vitamin E

perilymph is located in the 1. scala tympani 2. cochlear duct 3. bony labyrinth of the semicircular ducts (canals)

1 and 3

gastrin 1. stimulates secretion of large amounts of gastric juice 2. strengthens contraction of the pyloric sphincter 3. secretion is stimulated by low pH and inhibited by high pH * not on test*

1 only

which is the correct order of events of sound transmission through the ear? 1. sound waves strike the eardrum 2. the ear ossicles vibrate 3. hair cells of the organ of Corti vibrate 4. the stapes stimulate the oval window 5. sounds waves enter the scala vestibuli

1, 2, 4, 5, 3

which of the following is/are more likely to be part of the gastrointestinal reflex pathway? 1. stretch receptors 2. neurons of the autonomic nervous system 3. muscle fibers of the muscularis mucosa *not on test*

1, 2, and 3

when the hormone gastrin from G-cells in the stomach acts on its neighboring parietal, chief, and mucus cells without entering the blood stream, what mechanism does it use? 1. tropic hormone 2. paracrine 3. autocrine 4. circulating hormone

2 only

identify the structure that determines eye color

A

which figure illustrates nearsightedness before it has been corrected?

C

which hormone is released by high levels of dietary nutrients in the small intestine?

CCK (cholecystokinin)

identify the structure that filters blood to for aqueous humor

D

which of the following cells secretes gastric lipase? *not on test*

D

which structure of the inner ear contains three internal channels?

D

which of the following cells secrete a hormone involved with increasing digestion?

E

which cell secretes a hormone that promotes the production of pepsinogen?

G cells

which component of gastric juices is produced by the parietal cells in the stomach begins the digestion process by denaturing proteins?

Hydrochloric acid

the indicated structure

connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

the myenteric plexus

controls the contractile strength and frequency of the muscularis

which of the structures listen below converts movements of angular acceleration in the endolymph into action potentials?

crista ampularis

where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

aqueous humor

drains into the Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus) at the Limbus

lipogenesis would most likely be stimulated by

insulin

the enterogastric reflex *not on test*

is stimulated by the presence of chyme in the duodenum

what is a characteristic of the targeted object?

it provides an attachment for the extrinsic muscles of the eye

the structure indicated

joins the common bile duct

the axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina terminate in the

thalamus

which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

the gall bladder is a hollow muscular organ that is part of the alimentary canal

the macula is the area where

there are more cones than rods

which of the follow is true about cones?

they are most numerous in the central region of the retina (foveola)