Anatomy 150

Which is not a two-Joint hip muscle?

pectineus

This muscle is the most medial amongst its counterparts, associated with the nerve that allows you to keep your legs together and is one of the several hip adductors. What muscle am I?

pectinius

Your patient had a short leg cast that was too tight and bruised the superficial peroneal nerve. You would expect weakness in which of the following muscles?

peroneus longus

You are asked to strengthen the muscles that support the arch of the foot. You would choose exercises for which of the following pairs of muscles?

peroneus longus and anterior tibialis

If a patient has damage to the nerve supplying the anterior compartment of the lower leg, you would expect to focus efforts on strengthening which group of muscles?

Ankle dorsiflexion

What two muscles originate on the fibula and interosseous membrane, and its innervation is the Deep Fibular Nerve. When in a squatting position, it is important to keep your balance in your feet, so these muscles assist in ankle dorsiflexion.

Extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus

This muscle has a somewhat diagonal line of pull, originates on the lateral surface of the ilium, and inserts on the anterior aspect of the greater trochanter. Due to it's insertion point and it's line of pull, it is capable of producing medial rotation at the hip. What is the muscle?

Gluteus minimus

You are standing up with your legs straight and your knees in the screwed home position. As you are getting ready to take a step with your right leg, what muscle will rotate the femur laterally to unlock the knee in order to initiate knee flexion?

Popliteus

Your patient had an injury to her upper thigh a week ago. She is now complaining of tingling, can not fully extend her knee, and has pain when sitting. What nerve and muscle could her injury have damaged to cause these issues.

Rectus femoris/ Femoral nerve

If a patient has difficulty in ankle plantar flexion and discomfort along the back of the leg, which nerve may have damage?

tibial nerve

James is returning to the ground from jumping and lands with his foot in plantar flexion. What combination of muscles are being used?

Soleus and Tibialis Posterior

After starting the exercise program you designed for her, Jennifer explains that she is having difficulty performing the side lying single leg raise exercise in which she lifts her top leg. She says that she has pain on the outside of her working hip after she has completed the leg raise and begins to lower it back down. During what movement is she experiencing pain, and what muscle is mostly likely responsible?

adduction- gluteus medius

In exercise where you have to dorsiflex your foot and extend the lesser toes which muscle would be a prime mover?

extensor digitorum longus

Your patient comes in after a fall that resulted in a twisted ankle. Her ankle appears to be inflamed and tender on the lateral side. You ask her to move her foot up and down. She has more difficulty and pain when moving her foot/toes into an upward-pointing position. You then ask her to turn the sole of her foot towards the inside and then the outside. She has more difficulty and pain when moving her foot into eversion. Which muscle likely got injured more than the others in that area?

fibularis tertius

You have a basketball player come into your clinic and he complains of pain in his big toe but also when he runs down the court and plants his foot to make a shot. He has been experiencing this pain for a few days now. What muscle is suspected to be injured?

flexor hallucis longus

A patient is complaining of pain in the heel of their foot (calcaneus). After going over some movements with the patient, you have concluded that the patient is having trouble with extending their knee. Which muscle is responsible for their pain.

gastrocnemius

Which hip abductor only has one movement?

gluteus medius

A patient comes into your clinic complaining about pain in the groin and inner thigh area due to her long bike ride she had over the weekend. Out of the following muscles, which one do you think is the best to treat for this patient's pain?

gracilis

Your patient came to you with severe pain in the back of the mid-thigh. The patient is an athlete; he runs sprints, and this happened during his last sprint yesterday morning. He is unable to walk without limping, and yesterday when it happened, he had a hard time standing up. What is muscle or muscle group more likely to be injured?

hamstrings

The patient presents with hip pain during walking. She demonstrates that as she begins to bring her right leg forward, she has pain in the anterior portion of that hip. Which muscle is most likely the cause of her discomfort?

iliopsoas

After Mike's bike accident, he mentioned to his doctor that he has been having sharp, shooting pain when he goes to stand up from dinner, a chair or even to get out of bed. What nerve did Mike's doc explain that has most likely been damaged due to the accident?

inferior gluteal nerve

In order for a patient to squat, what muscle is needed to start the movement?

popliteus

Which muscle originates on the posterior interosseous membrane and inserts on the navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals?

posterior tibialis

While descending the steps to a stairwell at school, you are standing on your left leg while stepping down with your right leg. What muscles are contracting in your left leg and what type of contraction are those muscles performing?

quadricep muscles, eccentric contraction

A patient comes into the office and talks about how their left leg hurts when they walk. You ask where on their leg does it hurt and they point to right below their patella. With your anatomy knowledge, you determine they are talking about their tibial tuberosity. You do further examination and determine that the patient is having trouble extending their knee and flexing their hip, both motions involved in walking. What muscle will cause a patient pain to walk?

rectus femoris

A patient has come in saying that while exercising they felt a sharp pain originating just below their lateral hip area and are having a hard time with knee extensions even with minor resistance, which muscle may have been affected?

rectus femoris

A soccer player comes in to see you because she has lost the power behind her kick when trying to score a goal. She appears to be able to walk and run fine. When testing the mobility of her hip, you discover that she is having difficulty fully pulling her leg back behind her to get the momentum she needs for a powerful shot. Which muscle does she likely have an issue with?

rectus femoris

Sophia is going to flex her right hip and extend her right knee to kick the soccer ball. During this motion, what muscle is concentrically contracting primarily for flexion to produce speed?

rectus femoris

Which quadriceps muscle would be involved in the hip flexion portion in kicking one's leg forward as if kicking a soccer ball?

rectus femoris

Your patient has complained to you that she has pain in her hip when she sits down in a chair and also when she attempts to straighten out her leg. She specifically has pain over the anterior inferior iliac spine and tibial tuberosity. Which muscle is most likely causing this discomfort?

rectus femoris

While Susie performs a wall sit, her knees go into a flexion position while holding an isometric muscle contraction. What group of muscles, when combined, is used during this isometric exercise?

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius

Damage to the ____ nerve causes weak hip extension and knee flexion

sciatic

Your patient comes in and complains of knee pain when walking up the stairs. She explains that she feels a sharp pain as she flexes her knee to walk up the next stair. Which muscle is most likely causing this pain ?

semimembranosus

A patient is having difficulty performing calf raises. The patient experiences no pain when performing knee flexion. The patient is experiencing pain on the posterior tibia and fibula. Which muscle has the patient injured?

soleus

Max is an athlete who felt a sharp pain in his right calf the other day after performing a sprint. He specifically experiences pain over his posterior tibia and fibula when walking, but is able to perform knee flexion without any problems. Which muscle is most likely affected?

soleus

The nerve of this muscle has an insertion close to the insertion of the muscle that has a primary movement of ankle inversion and dorsiflexion. Together, these two muscles are called the stirrup of the foot.

superficial fibular nerve

If you are descending the stairs leading with your right foot, what is happening at the left ankle?

the left ankle plantar flexors contract eccentrically

A patient comes in having issues with flexing their big toe and inverting their ankle, which nerve has the patient likely damaged?

tibial nerve

A patient is unable to perform inversion nor dorsiflexion with his foot and ankle, but is able to extend all of his toes. Which muscle did this patient injure?

tibialis anterior

A patient comes in stating she feels a lot of pain in her right foot. She specifically feels pain when she turns her foot inward and when she releases her foot off the gas pedal while driving. Which muscle could she have injured?

tibialis anterior muscle

You are running a marathon and the posterior lower leg muscles become painful. You have overworked the three-headed calf muscle. What muscle have you injured?

triceps surae

An elderly gentleman comes into the clinic complaining about having a hard time sitting down on the couch and also hurting at the front of his right deep area of his thigh and right hip posteriorly. What muscles are suspected to be injured and limit his mobility sit down on a couch?

vastus intermedialis and gluteus maximus

A patient complains of having pain on the anterior part of the femur while standing. What muscle is giving this patient problems?

vastus intermedius