Abnormal Psych Final
In a given year, the overall suicide rate in the United States is approximately _____ suicides out of every 100,000 people
12.6
The onset of bipolar disorder usually occurs between the ages of
15 and 44
In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that eugenic sterilization was constitutional.
1927
The lobotomy was first developed in the late _____ by a Portuguese neuropsychiatrist
1930's
Respect for clinical assessment was high prior to the
1950s
After 6 to 12 ECT treatments, spaced over _____ weeks, most patients feel less depressed
2 to 4
It is now known that as many as _____ percent of all Vietnam veterans suffered an acute or posttraumatic stress disorder
29
Self-help groups in the United States are attended by _____ percent of the population each year
3 to 4
More than _____ forms of therapy are currently practiced in the clinical field
400
The divorce rate in Canada, the United States, and Europe is now close to _____ percent of the marriage rate
50
Although it is complicated to say exactly how many disorders are included in DSM-5, the textbook estimates that the number of psychological disorders is more than:
500
Approximately how many people are admitted to a U.S. hospital each year for injuries resulting from efforts to harm themselves?
500,000
According to the textbook, which country has civil commitment laws?
Canada
The current and most widely used classification system in the United States is the:
DSM-5
In 1883, he published an influential textbook arguing that physical factors were responsible for mental dysfunction
Emil Kraepelin
_____ is related to the idea that a number of different developmental pathways lead to the same psychological disorder.
Equifinality
He developed a type of therapy in the 1950s that guided clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance
Frederick (Fritz) Perls
________ disorder is sometimes described as free-floating anxiety
Generalized anxiety
The view that people will be more likely to commit suicide if they perceive they are a burden, they lack a sense of belongingness, and they have a psychological capability to carry out suicide comes from
Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide
_____ prevention consists of efforts to improve community attitudes and policies
Primary
Which guideline was added to the APA's code of ethics in 2017?
Psychologists may not participate in or assist with torture
He believed that unconscious psychological processes are the root of abnormal functioning
Sigmund Freud
Dr. Phil McGraw—the media personality who hosts a television show on which he gives psychological advice to individuals, couples, and groups on a wide range of topics—would be covered under which aspect of the American Psychological Association's code of ethics?
The APA code permits the provision of psychological advice in such media as radio, print, and television, provided that the advice is given responsibly and professionally
_____ is a systematic procedure for helping people change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior.
Therapy
He believed that the whole concept of mental illness is invalid and is a myth
Thomas Szasz
This type of drug is used to help patients with dissociative amnesia regain their memories
a barbiturate
_____ therapy is a new cognitive-behavioral therapy that helps clients accept many of their problematic thoughts rather than judging those thoughts, acting on them, or trying fruitlessly to change them.
acceptance and commitment
Sarah was the victim of an assault. Just two days after the assault, she started experiencing nightmares, flashbacks, and sleep disturbances, and avoided going out at night because it reminded her of the assault. It has been three weeks since this trauma, and Sarah is now able to go out with friends and sleep through the night without experiencing any disturbances. Her MOST likely diagnosis is _____ stress disorder
acute
According to the text book, panic disorders are often accompanied by
agoraphobia
This is the fear of being in public places or situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms were to occur
agoraphobia
Maurice has decided to talk to his physician about the fact that he often achieves orgasm after very minimal stimulation. He reports that this is affecting his marriage, as his wife (though loving and supportive) is getting terribly frustrated about the duration of their sexual encounters. Maurice's doctor decides to take a two-pronged approach to treating Maurice's difficulties with premature ejaculation: First, he provides Maurice with several referrals to experts in sex therapy, and second, he gives Maurice a prescription for _____, which has been shown to help with the treatment of this frustrating issue
an SSRI
Farrah is experiencing a persistent pattern of excessive worry, concern, and avoidance. Given these symptoms, she would most likely be diagnosed as having a disorder categorized in
anxiety disorders
Children who are wary of new people, environments, and objects and are always on guard against potential threats show a pattern of
behavioral inhibition
Dr. Jacob supports this model, which holds that a full understanding of a patient's thoughts, emotions, and behavior must also include an understanding of the biological basis of those thoughts, emotions, and behaviors
biological
Research has demonstrated that bipolar disorder is BEST explained by
biological factors
John experiences full manic and depressive episodes, which is indicative of _____ disorder
bipolar 1
Repeatedly checking one's appearance in a mirror is indicative of ______ disorder
body dysmorphia
When a therapist reports in an article about one client's experience with dissociative identity disorder, what method of investigation is the therapist using?
case study
Many cases of sexual masochism disorder seem to develop through
classical conditioning
cognitive-behavioral theorists propose ______ as a common way of acquiring phobic reactions
classical conditioning
The extreme suicide rates found on American Indian reservations are called _____ suicides.
cluster
These inventories are used to reveal a person's typical thoughts and assumptions and can uncover counterproductive patterns of thinking.
cognitive
_____ therapy helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes.
cognitive
Research shows that clinical problems respond BEST to
combined therapeutic approaches
The latest depression instrument was found to correlate highly with the Hamilton Depression Inventory, thus showing _____ when compared with the Hamilton Depression Inventory
concurrent validity
Researchers have found increases in the risk of suicide among the relatives and friends of people who recently committed suicide. This risk factor is often called the social _____ effect
contagion
These are a group of hormones that are released by the adrenal glands at times of stress
corticosteroids
This therapeutic approach involves a therapist working with two people who share a long-term relationship
couple therapy
which psychological perspective understands anxiety disorders by examining temperament, parenting, and life stress?
developmental psychology
Which psychological perspective emphasizes prevention and early intervention for vulnerable individuals?
developmental psychopathology
The most common theme that runs through the thoughts of people troubled by obsessive thinking appears to be
dirt or contamination
The MOST successful approach to treating bipolar disorders is
drug therapy accompanied by psychotherapy
Individuals who experience gender _____ often feel that nature has made a mistake and that they were born with the body of the wrong sex. They may be very uncomfortable wearing clothing and engaging in activities traditionally associated with their physical gender, and they desire not to conform to expectations of such behaviors
dysphoria
Eileen has chosen not to get married and not to have children, and she lives with ten dogs. She rarely goes out, yet she has a job that allows her to telecommute, she does not bother anyone, and she is content with her life. This is considered an example of:
eccentricity
Nick is a father of an 11-year-old boy named Tobias. Nick never leaves Tobias alone at gymnastics, choir practice, or birthday parties, no matter how well-supervised he is. Nick designated himself "room parent" and is in Tobias's classroom at least half of every school day. A family systems therapist might say that Nick and Tobias' relationship was
enmeshed
This is the practice of killing someone who is terminally ill or badly injured, in order to stop their suffering
euthanasia
Trying to understand how genes that once helped our ancestors survive and reproduce but now leave us prone to anxiety disorders is a goal of
evolutionary theory
A reactive depression is referred to as
exogenous
Anika is rarely able to achieve an orgasm when having sex, and for the past five years she has been resigned to faking orgasm during intercourse with her partner. She recently got tired of this "act" and told her partner that she has rarely, if ever, achieved an orgasm during their sexual experiences. Anika's partner was pretty upset at hearing this, and now Anika is increasingly distraught and anxious about not being able to experience an orgasm. She would most likely be diagnosed with
female orgasmic disorder
Studies have found that people who scored high on anxiety-sensitive surveys are up to _______ times more likely than others to develop panic disorders
five
This is the final merging of two or more subpersonalities in multiple personality disorder.
fusion
What is the only sexual disorder still included in the DMS-5
gender dysphoria
Role-playing is often a part of
gestalt therapy
Which psychological perspective holds that we all have a basic need to receive positive regard from our parents?
humanistic theory
The features of arousal and fear are set in motion by the brain area called the
hypothalamus
_______ exposure is found to be more effective than ______ exposure for treating specific phobias
in vivo; covert
clinical assessment is important for
making proper diagnoses and having effective treatments
Being in the present moment, intentionally and nonjudgmentally, is known as
mindfulness
When civilly committed patients in mental hospitals work as part of their commitment and recovery, court decisions have warranted that the patients must receive
minimum wage for their work hours
Julie was driving her 4-year-old son, Alec, to preschool when another driver cut her off. She immediately shouted an expletive at the other driver. During the day, when Alec became angry at another child for taking his toy, he used the same expletive that his mother had used earlier. This is an example of
modeling
Studies suggest that therapy often is ______ no treatment or the use of placebos
more helpful than
Which of these groups has the HIGHEST teenage suicide rate?
non-Hispanic white Americans
Research suggests that mania may be linked to high _____ activity
norepinephrine
If you decide to stand on your desk when your professor is lecturing, your conduct would be outside the stated:
norms
"Subway Therapy" in which individuals write down their feelings on a sticky note and put the note on a subway wall is:
not considered to be therapy, because there is no "trained healer" present
Compared to experiments, what do case studies allow researchers to do?
obtain rich detail
The proper order of Sigmund Freud's stages of development is
oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
What is the primary mode of treatment for people with severe psychological disturbances?
outpatient care
Which anxiety disorder has a female to male ratio of 5 to 2 in prevelance
panic disorder
According to the textbook, what type of professional typically answers calls that come in on suicide hotlines?
paraprofessional
Social anxiety disorder is more common in
poor people
Suicide programs that are put into action following an individual's suicide are referred to as
postvention
Before the 1950s, which theoretical perspective was dominant in the clinical field?
psychoanalytic
This psychological model looks at people's underlying psychological forces and the conflicts between them
psychodynamic
In order to understand the causes of a suicide and the factors contributing to a suicide, researchers often gather information about a person who has ended his or her life. They may talk to friends, family members, or colleagues. They may examine paperwork or records. With appropriate permission, they may talk to doctors or other professionals in an attempt to build a picture of the suicide victim's state of mind and motivation. This kind of "psychological autopsy" is formally called a(n)
retrospective analysis
Nancy is trying to stop smoking, but she doesn't realize what triggers her need to smoke. What technique could help her understand what her triggers are?
self monitoring
Some theorists have concluded that dissociative disorders may be a form of
self-hypnosis
The activity level of the neurotransmitter _____ has been found to be low in people who commit suicide
serotonin
During their sexual encounters, Jim enjoys engaging in activities that cause his partner intense humiliation, pain, or suffering. Despite the fact that his partner occasionally enjoys these activities, Jim continues to do them even when his partner is not willing. In fact, Jim has gotten to the point where sex without these "extras" is simply boring and unsatisfying, which has become a source of distress to him. The most likely diagnosis for Jim is
sexual sadism disorder
In this disorder, a person has repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies that involve inflicting suffering on others, and the person either must act on these urges with nonconsenting individuals or experience clinically significant distress
sexual sadism disorder
Currently, _____ are the largest group of mental health professionals in the United States.
social workers
Self-mutilation is an example of
subintentional death
Which psychological perspective offers the leading explanation for the cause of social anxiety disorder
the cognitive-behavioral perspective
These are the nerve fibers that slow organ functioning after stimulation and return other bodily processes to normal
the parasympathetic nervous system
Which stage of the human sexual response cycle has no associated sexual disorders?
the resolution stage
One current concern that therapists express related to the treatment of sexual dysfunction is
the significant increase in the use of drugs and other medical interventions
When people have a strong sense that their gender identity is different from their birth anatomy, they are said to be
transgender
In a number of international studies, _____ percent of participants given cognitive treatments have been found to be free of panic attacks
two-thirds
This is a FALSE belief that all therapies are equivalent despite differences in the therapists' training, experience, theoretical orientations, and personalities.
uniformity myth
The word anomie, which is at the heart of one of the three types of suicide proposed by Emile Durkheim, means
without law