Anatomy (6.7-6.10)

Osteomalacia results from a diet deficient in __________.

calcium or vitamin D

Fractures that shatter a bone into many small fragments are called __________ fractures.

comminuted fractures

The type of fracture that occurs in vertebrae that are subject to extreme stresses is a __________ fracture.

compression

A fracture in which one side of the shaft is broken and the other side is bent is a __________.

greenstick fracture

What are the circulating hormones that stimulate bone growth?

growth hormone and thyroxine

When the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above the normal level, secretion of the hormone calcitonin __________.

increases the rate of calcium ion excretion.

Why is vitamin C essential to bone health?

it stimulates osteoblast activity, needed in the enzymatic reactions used to make collagen, and prevents of scurvy.

Which of the following is the term for a fracture in which the broken bone breaks through the skin?

open or compound

A girl born with nonfunctioning ovaries could be expected to have a deficiency in the activity of which type of cell?

osteoblasts

Which of the following is an effect of stress on a bone?

the bone will become thicker

A person who chooses to eat a diet of junk food and has a sedentary job is NOT likely to experience which of the following?

thickened, prominent ridges on bones in place of muscle attachment

The thyroid regulates bone growth and maintenance through its production of what hormone?

thyroxine

A tall, slender person with unusually long, slender limbs because of excess cartilage formation at the epiphyseal cartilages has what disorder?

Marfan's syndrome

__________ is required for collagen synthesis, and a deficit of it results in a condition called scurvy.

Vitamin C

Which vitamin(s) is/are specifically required for normal bone growth?

Vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K

Darcy wrecks her bike and experiences a break in the distal portion of her radius, which now projects out of her skin. Which type of fracture does she have?

an open Colle's fracture.

The hormone synthesized in the kidneys that regulates absorption of calcium and phosphate ions in the digestive tract is __________.

calcitriol

Which of the following does NOT occur during fracture repair?

dead tissue next to the break is left in the break area and is covered by new bone tissue.

Which of the following is not brought about by parathyroid hormone?

decreased production of calcitriol

At maturity, why are women generally shorter than men?

estrogen promotes faster closure of epiphyseal plates than androgen does.

What is the condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function?

osteoporosis

What is the term for a reduction in bone mass that is large enough to compromise the normal function of bone?

osteoporosis

If the level of calcium in the blood drops below normal levels, which hormone is produced to correct this homeostatically?

parathyroid hormone

Homogenized milk fortified with vitamin D is effective in preventing what bone disorder in children?

rickets

The condition in which a child's leg bones bend under the weight of the body is called __________.

rickets