Anatomy

Because of its muscle attachments, a fracture to the ischial tuberosity would affect which movement of the lower limb?

flexion of the leg: The ischial tuberosity is the origin of the hamstrings muscles, so fracturing this bone would disrupt this origin. The hamstrings are important for flexing the leg and extending the thigh; this means that these motions would be impaired following the fracture.

A football player tears his calcaneal tendon. You would expect to find weakness in:

plantar flexion of the foot

A tennis player feels a "pop" in her calf as she is playing. Her calf becomes tender and there is some slight amount of swelling. Upon examination, her physician informs her that she has ruptured the slender tendon of a small muscle that attaches to the calcaneus. She has apparently ruptured the:

plantaris

The femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa (becoming the popliteal artery) by passing through the:

Adductor hiatus

In order to avoid injury to the sciatic nerve, intramuscular injections should be given in which quadrant of the buttock?

An injection in the posterior hip region is best placed in the upper, outer quadrant of the hip, just inferior and posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine. This is an area where there are not many nerves and vessels that could be injured by the injection.

When, in approximately 12% of people, the common fibular nerve passes through the piriformis muscle, the nerve may be compressed. This would affect part of which muscle?

Biceps Femoris Muscle

The short head of biceps femoris muscle is innervated by which nerve?

Common Fibular Nerve

A patient complains of localized pain in a swollen lower calf and cannot strongly plantar flex his foot. What tendon may have ruptured?

Gastrocnemius and soleus insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon, a tendon of the lower calf which is the thickest and strongest tendon of the body.

An elderly patient complains of difficulty in walking up stairs. Tests by her doctor reveal weakness in extension at her hip, but no change in hip flexion, or flexion or extension of the knee. Based upon these results, what muscle is most likely not functioning properly.

Gluteus Maximus

The medial thigh muscles rotate the femur medially, counterbalanced by muscles of the _____________ thigh, including the ___________ muscle, which rotates the femur laterally.

Lateral; piriformis

As a patient with paralyzed gluteus medius and minimus muscles on the left side attempts to stand on the left limb only, the right side of the pelvis typically:

Hip drop. When gluteus medius and minimus are injured, a patient will show a positive Trendelenburg sign. This means that when this patient attempts to stand on the left leg only, the uninjured right hip will drop.

Weakness in climbing stairs or jumping would indicate a lesion of which nerve?

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

What muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Obturator internus

During surgical repair of a popliteal artery aneurism, ligation of the femoral artery at mid-thigh would not interrupt supply to the hamstring muscles because the

Perforating branches of the deep femoral artery supply the posterior thigh

When the distal femur is fractured, the sharp broken ends of the bone often damage the structure that lies closest to the femur in the popliteal fossa, i.e., the:

Popliteal artery

When the femur is fractured, the broken distal end often turns posteriorly to enter the popliteal fossa due to muscle traction. Because of its position deepest in the fossa, which structure is most vulnerable to laceration?

Popliteal artery

The deep femoral artery is the principle blood source for the muscles in which compartment of the thigh?

Posterior Copmartment

If the head of the femur is dislocated postero-medially, compression of which nerve is likely to result?

Sciatic Nerve:The sciatic nerve is closely related to the posterior hip joint, which makes this nerve very vulnerable in cases where the femur is dislocated postero-medially.

After suffering a deep stab wound in the medial upper quadrant of the right buttock, an emergency room patient found walking to be very difficult. The basic problem was that, during stepping, her left hip sagged down as soon as the left foot was lifted off the ground to swing forward. What nerve was damaged?

Superior Gluteal Nerve

During recovery from a gunshot wound of the right pelvis, the patient notices a lurch in his gait. When he lifts his left foot off of the ground, his pelvis dips down on the left side. The nerve that appears to have been injured is the:

Superior Gluteal Nerve

The hamstrings muscles are supplied by branches of which artery?

The deep femoral artery supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh with three to four perforating arteries

A fracture of the ischial tuberosity might be expected to most directly affect the muscles that produce which lower limb movement?

The ischial tuberosity is the origin for the hamstrings muscles which are the muscles that allow for extension at the hip and flexion at the knee. If the ischial tuberosity was fractured, the hamstrings would be separated from their origin and would not function properly.

In a hunting accident, an arrow pierces the mid-calf of a hunter. A major artery is lacerated in the posterior leg, and you notice that the sole of his foot is cold and pale. The dorsum of the foot is warm and normally colored. The artery that seems to be injured is the:

The posterior tibial artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg with blood. It also passes into the sole of the foot, where it branches to form the medial and lateral plantar arteries.

Of the branches of the internal iliac artery, the one exiting from the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis muscle is the:

The superior gluteal artery and nerve are 2 structures that travel through the greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis.

Following a major operation, a patient was placed on a course of antibiotics which were delivered via intramuscular injection to the buttocks. After one injection in the right buttock, the patient complained of more pain than usual in the region of the injection. Later, as he was walking in the hall, the nurse noticed that he had a limp that had not been present before--his left hip dropped every time he lifted his left foot off the floor. Which nerve had been injured by the injection?

This patient has injured his right superior gluteal nerve. He is exhibiting a characteristic hip drop on the uninjured side while standing on the injured side--a positive Trendelenburg sign. The superior gluteal nerve was evidently damaged during the injection.

The team doctor tells a football player that he has "a pulled hamstring" muscle. This results from a tearing of the origin of a hamstring muscle from the:

ischial tuberosity