Anatomy & Phys Chapter 7 The Nervous System Review notes

Which of the following substances is/are NOT prevented from entering brain tissue due to the tight junctions that form the blood-brain barrier?

Essential amino acids

The axon of a neuron __________.

conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell bod

Which of the following statements regarding the nerve impulse is TRUE?

A stimulus changes the permeability of a "patch" of the membrane, and sodium ions (Na+) diffuse rapidly into the cell.

__________ neurons carry an impulse to the CNS.

Afferent

An action potential i) occurs when the graded potential is strong enough, ii) obeys the all-or-none rule, iii) is initiated by the opening of "gates" for sodium channels, iv) is characterized by a series of depolarizations/repolarizations along the membrane.

All the statements are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a central nervous system glial cell?

Neuron

Between successive Schwann cells, there are gaps in the myelin sheath called __________.

Nodes of Ranvier

The __________ area that allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles is anterior to the central sulcus in the __________ lobe.

Primary motor; frontal

Supporting cells in the PNS include __________ that form the myelin sheaths and satellite cells that act as protective cushioning cells.

Schwann cells

The cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are called __________, and in the central nervous system (CNS) the cells are called __________.

Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes

__________ reflexes regulate skeletal muscle.

Somatic

Damage to which cranial nerve(s) may impair the sense of taste?

The facial (N VII) and the glossopharyngeal (N IX)

Which of the following statements regarding the brain stem is FALSE?

The medulla oblongata plays a role in regulating the pituitary gland.

The __________ nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

central

The __________ produce cerebrospinal fluid.

choroid plexuses

The axon of a neuron __________.

conducts nerve impulses away from the neuron cell body

Together with the brain stem, the __________ oversees all subconscious, autonomic functions.

diencephalon

The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the spinal cord are found in the __________.

dorsal root ganglion

Collectively, the supporting cells in the CNS are called __________

neuroglia

Collectively, the supporting cells in the CNS are called __________.

neuroglia

The deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum is called the __________.

longitudinal fissure

The three connective tissue membranes covering and protecting CNS structures are collectively known as the __________. The __________ is the outermost, leathery layer.

meninges; dura mater

The nervous system gathers and interprets information, and then effects a response through a process called __________.

motor output

All motor and association neurons are __________.

multipolar

The corpus callosum connects the __________.

right and left cerebral hemispheres

The __________ division of the autonomic nervous system allows us to initiate the fight-or-flight response in extreme circumstances.

sympathetic