Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 2 Homework
Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?
pH of 3
What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)
3:1
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-
A bicarbonate ion
In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following
A solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte
A bond in which valence electrons are shared is called ___
Covalent
The genetic information is coded in DNA by the
Sequence of the nucleotides
A patient voices concern that her normal cholesterol level is dangerous. "I eat no cholesterol at all. That stuff is toxic!" she declares. What is your best response?
"A normal cholesterol level is a good thing. Your cells depend on cholesterol to stay healthy, and you can't make vital hormones without it."
The husband of a patient who is critically ill asks, "why do they keep checking my wife's pH? Isn't knowing her oxygen level enough?" What is the best respnse
"Many of her body's system only works properly when her pH is within a narrow range, so we monitor it carefully"
What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells
ATP
What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?
Alkaline solution
Which of the following is a chemical that has an amine group and an organic acid group, but does not contain a peptide bond
Amino acid
The prefix ___ means not, without, or upward
An
What is a cation
An atom that loses one or more electrons and acquires a net positive charge
The process of building up large molecules from small components is a(n) ___ process
Anabolic
Which of the following is an example of a suspension
Blood
What happens in redox reactions
Both decomposition and electron exchange occur
Water is an important molecule because it
Can form hydrogen bonds
Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?
Chloride
The prefix ___ means with, together, or shared
Co
The single most abundant protein in the body is
Collagen
You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this
Colloid
Which type of proteins can function as chemical messengers or as receptors in the plasma membrane
Communication
ATP->ADP+Pi is an example of a(n) ___ reaction
Decomposition
Biological macromolecules are synthesized by ____ reactions and are broken down by ___ reactions
Dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis
The prefix ___ means out of or away from
Ex
If energy is released when a molecule is broken apart, it is a(n) ___ reaction
Exergonic
In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount
False
T/F: A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis
False
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of
Glycogen
Which of the following is a neutralization reaction
HCL + NaOH -> NaCL + H2O
The prefix ___ means water, hydrogen, or accumulation of fluid
Hydr
When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way
Hydrogen bonding
___ is the process of breaking large molecules into similar ones by adding water
Hydrolysis
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions
Hyperbolic
Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen
III<II<I
Kidneys plays a major role in helping to maintain proper levels of Na+ and k+ ions in the blood. If the kidneys fail to function properly, one of the direct consequences would be
Impaired nerve impulse transmission
Salts are always
Ionic compounds
The pH scaled _____
Is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
What is the difference beyween kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy
Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses
Na
Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements
Nucleus
Which of the following is not a compound
Oxygen gas
Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule
Pigment structure
The prefix ___ means many, several, or polymer
Poly
Starch is a
Polysaccharide
A lipid with four sites laking hydrogen saturation is a ___ lipid
Polyunsaturated
What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Primary structure
What is a chain of more that 50 amino acids called
Protein
Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body
Proteins
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the
Removal of a water molecule between each two units
Which of the following is true of protein structure
Secondary protein structures involve hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxyl groups
Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?
Steroid
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ___ reaction
Synthesis
The chemical symbol O=O means
The atoms are double bonded
A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with
The consumption of energy
Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to a 2.5
The enzyme will denature and become inactive
Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true
The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valence shell
What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond
The sharing of electron pairs between two atoms
In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves
To hold the molecular backbone together
All salts are ionic compounds, but not all ionic compounds are salts
True
T/F: ATP is an unstable, high-energy molecule that provides body cells with a form of energy that is immediately usable
True
T/F: All organic compounds contain carbon except CO2 and CO
True
T/F: Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions
True
T/F: The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis
True
How many phosphates would ADP have attached to it
Two
Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense
Two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have
Unsaturated fatty acids
___ is a fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function
Vitamin D
Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel
Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking down the ionic bond
Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water
Water acts asa reactant
Which of the following is not considered a form of matter?
X rays
A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures
hydrogen bonds