Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 2 Homework

Which pH is more acidic, a pH of 3, a pH of 7, or a pH of 9?

pH of 3

What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in triglycerides (neutral fats)

3:1

Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-

A bicarbonate ion

In plasma, a typical body fluid, protein floating around would be considered to be which of the following

A solute, specifically both a colloid and an electrolyte

A bond in which valence electrons are shared is called ___

Covalent

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the

Sequence of the nucleotides

A patient voices concern that her normal cholesterol level is dangerous. "I eat no cholesterol at all. That stuff is toxic!" she declares. What is your best response?

"A normal cholesterol level is a good thing. Your cells depend on cholesterol to stay healthy, and you can't make vital hormones without it."

The husband of a patient who is critically ill asks, "why do they keep checking my wife's pH? Isn't knowing her oxygen level enough?" What is the best respnse

"Many of her body's system only works properly when her pH is within a narrow range, so we monitor it carefully"

What is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells

ATP

What is the classification of a solution of NaOH with a pH of 8.3?

Alkaline solution

Which of the following is a chemical that has an amine group and an organic acid group, but does not contain a peptide bond

Amino acid

The prefix ___ means not, without, or upward

An

What is a cation

An atom that loses one or more electrons and acquires a net positive charge

The process of building up large molecules from small components is a(n) ___ process

Anabolic

Which of the following is an example of a suspension

Blood

What happens in redox reactions

Both decomposition and electron exchange occur

Water is an important molecule because it

Can form hydrogen bonds

Which four elements comprise approximately 96% of our body weight

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Electrolytes are charged particles called ions that are dissolved in body fluids. Which of the following ions would be considered a major anion in the body?

Chloride

The prefix ___ means with, together, or shared

Co

The single most abundant protein in the body is

Collagen

You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this

Colloid

Which type of proteins can function as chemical messengers or as receptors in the plasma membrane

Communication

ATP->ADP+Pi is an example of a(n) ___ reaction

Decomposition

Biological macromolecules are synthesized by ____ reactions and are broken down by ___ reactions

Dehydration synthesis; hydrolysis

The prefix ___ means out of or away from

Ex

If energy is released when a molecule is broken apart, it is a(n) ___ reaction

Exergonic

In a solution, the solute is the substance present in the greatest amount

False

T/F: A dipeptide can be broken into two amino acids by dehydration synthesis

False

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of

Glycogen

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction

HCL + NaOH -> NaCL + H2O

The prefix ___ means water, hydrogen, or accumulation of fluid

Hydr

When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to "unzip" temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the strands together in this way

Hydrogen bonding

___ is the process of breaking large molecules into similar ones by adding water

Hydrolysis

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major types of chemical reactions

Hyperbolic

Rank the chemical bonds from relatively weakest to strongest I. Ionic II. Covalent III. Hydrogen

III<II<I

Kidneys plays a major role in helping to maintain proper levels of Na+ and k+ ions in the blood. If the kidneys fail to function properly, one of the direct consequences would be

Impaired nerve impulse transmission

Salts are always

Ionic compounds

The pH scaled _____

Is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

What is the difference beyween kinetic and potential energy?

Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy

Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nerve impulses

Na

Which of the following is not a fundamental subatomic particle that forms elements

Nucleus

Which of the following is not a compound

Oxygen gas

Which of the following does NOT describe uses for the ATP molecule

Pigment structure

The prefix ___ means many, several, or polymer

Poly

Starch is a

Polysaccharide

A lipid with four sites laking hydrogen saturation is a ___ lipid

Polyunsaturated

What structural level is represented by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Primary structure

What is a chain of more that 50 amino acids called

Protein

Which organic molecules form the major structural materials of the body

Proteins

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the

Removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which of the following is true of protein structure

Secondary protein structures involve hydrogen bonding between amine and carboxyl groups

Cortisol is a type of lipid hormone. Which type of lipid would cortisol be classified as?

Steroid

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ___ reaction

Synthesis

The chemical symbol O=O means

The atoms are double bonded

A chemical reaction in which bonds are created is usually associated with

The consumption of energy

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that breaks down carbohydrates. What will happen to this enzyme as it follows the food into the stomach where the pH drops to a 2.5

The enzyme will denature and become inactive

Which of the following statements regarding atoms is true

The reactivity of an atom is based on the number of electrons in its outer valence shell

What is the most significant factor in the formation of a covalent bond

The sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves

To hold the molecular backbone together

All salts are ionic compounds, but not all ionic compounds are salts

True

T/F: ATP is an unstable, high-energy molecule that provides body cells with a form of energy that is immediately usable

True

T/F: All organic compounds contain carbon except CO2 and CO

True

T/F: Buffers resist abrupt and large changes in the pH of body fluids by releasing or binding ions

True

T/F: The pH of body fluids must remain fairly constant for the body to maintain homeostasis

True

How many phosphates would ADP have attached to it

Two

Phospholipids make up most of the lipid part of the cell membrane. Since water exists on both the outside and inside of a cell, which of the following phospholipid arrangements makes the most sense

Two back-to-back phospholipid layers with the polar heads facing out on both sides

In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils at room temperature have

Unsaturated fatty acids

___ is a fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal bone growth and function

Vitamin D

Water acts to dissolve molecules in the body. How does water dissolve the salt (NaCl) in your mouth from a salty pretzel

Water acts as a solvent because the partial negative charge on the oxygen in water attracts sodium, while the partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts chloride. This results in the separation of sodium from chloride, thus breaking down the ionic bond

Foods are broken down into their building blocks by adding water. This would be an example of which characteristic of water

Water acts asa reactant

Which of the following is not considered a form of matter?

X rays

A high fever causes an enzyme to lose its three-dimensional structure and function. Which bonds are broken when a protein denatures

hydrogen bonds