Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 4-6

Indicate the functions that apply to epithelial tissue. (Check all that apply)

- Acting as a barrier - Secretion of substances

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) ________ bone

Irregular

Hyaluronic acid gives a very slippery quality to fluids that contain. Hyaluronic acid

Is a good lubricant for joint cavities

Calcitonin

Is associated with decreased osteoclast activity

Thick skin

Is found in areas subject to pressure or friction, such as the palms

Select all examples that demonstrate how inflammation protects the body. (Check all that apply)

- Blood vessels become more permeable and allow white blood cells to move into damaged tissue more easily - During inflammation, blood vessel dilate, increasing the delivery of white blood cells to the area - Clotting that occurs helps to isolate injurious agents

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of certain substances from the diet. Which of the following list of three of the dietary needs for normal bone growth

- Calcium - Phosphate - Chloride

The four primary tissue types are

- Epithelial - Connective - Muscle - Nervous

Which of the following represent functions of connective tissue? (Check all that apply)

- Insulating - Cushioning

Which of the following occur due to changed in the cells, extracellular materials, and tissues in older adults? (Check all that apply)

- Loss of flexibility of connective tissue - Increase in collagen fibers - Loss of elasticity of connective tissue

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

Activity of the enzyme tyrosinase

If you accidentally cut your arm off and see adipose tissue, which layer(s) was/were cut

All layers

What is the examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death or to study the changes caused by a disease

Autopsy

Which type of skin cancer is the most common

Basal cell carinoma

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victims skin will

Become pale

What is the removal of a tissue from sample from patients via surgery or needle to diagnose disease

Biopsy

The process of ________ is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress, replace old bone matrix and to facilitate repair of broken bones

Bone remodeling

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated

Calcitonin

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is ________

Carotene

The stratum basale

Contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells

Connective tissue in tendons is

Dense regular collagenous tissue

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because stretching and rupture of the ________

Dermis

What is a disc-shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another

Desmosomes

When blood vessels become surrounded by concentric lamella forming osteons, the bone will grow in ________

Diameter

Sixty-five year old Stephen has knee replacement surgery which requires a thing section of his distal femur to be removed. Which of the following statements is true

Due to the invasive nature of the surgical procedure, Stephen is a risk for osteomyelitis, a bacterial infection of bone

Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or

Eczema

Ossification that involves replacing cartilage with bone is ________

Endochondral

Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ________ ossification while bone formed in connective tissue membranes is called ________ ossification

Endochondral; intramembranous

The superficial layer of epithelium of the skin is called the

Epidermis

Long bones grow in length at the ________

Epiphyseal plate

The collar that forms around opposing ends of bone fragments is called a/an ________

External callus

Bones that are thin and have a broad curved shape are classified as ________ bones

Flat

Inframembranous ossification

Forms the bones of the roof of the skull

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is

Fractures

An intercalated disc is an example location of

Gap junctions

What is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells

Gap junctions

The portion of hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the ________

Hair shaft

An incomplete bone fracture generally found in children is a/an ________

Hairline fracture

Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland

Has no ducts

What is the microscopic study of tissues

Histology

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

Increased RANKL and decreased OPG

The parietal bone is formed by ________ ossification

Intramembranous

Which durable protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis

Keratin

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called ________

Keratinization

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis

Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system

Langerhanscells

The medullary cavity is

Lined with endosteum

Bones that are longer than they are wide and generally have enlarged ends for articulations are classified as ________ bones

Long

Some marrow of long bones is termed "red" marrow. The function of red marrow is to

Manufacture blood cells

The extracellular material of tissue is called ________

Matrix

The embryonic germ layer that is the source of connective tissue and muscle is ________

Mesoderm

Stratified epithelium consists of

Multiple layers of cells

Which type of tissue is contractile

Muscle tissue

Which type of tissue contains cells called neurons

Nervous tissue

Which type of cell forms bone

Osteoblast

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

Osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Keratinization

Produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion

Which if the following functions is associated with the skin

Protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun

Collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissues are all considered ________

Proteins

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue contains ________

Proteoglycans

This condition is characterized by thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales

Psoriasis

Skin color is the result of the

Quantity of melanin is skin

The main fibrous layer of the dermis is the ________

Reticular layer

Twelve-year old Madeline has not yet experienced a bone growth spurt, meaning she is not yet producing which particular chemicals necessary for this to occur

Sex hormones

Which type of bone tissue appears porous

Spongy bone

The layer of the epidermis in which there is greatest amount of mitotic activity is the ________

Stratum basale

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff

Stratum corneum

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only few areas of the body

Stratum lucidum

Rupturing the dermis may cause ________ to develop

Stretch marks

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

The light-scattering properties of collagen

How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis in individuals suffering from osteoporosis

The sense of pain following injury helps prevent further injury

What is the permeability barrier that joins the plasma membranes of adjacent cells to form a tight seal

Tight junctions

Epithelial tissue is characterized by

Tightly packed cells

What is a collection of similar cells and surround substances

Tissue

Which of the following statements concerning hair structure is true

Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium