Anatomy & Physiology class II HW4

What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton?

Axial and appendicular

The right and left pelvic girdle along with the sacrum and coccyx form the what?

Pelvis

What part of the long bone is a source of osteoblasts?

Periosteum

All of the following bones are found only in the ankle and foot except which one?

Phalanges

What term below describes the shaft of the long bone?

Diaphysis

What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?

Xyphoid process

What type of bone marrow is found in the cavity of mature long bones?

Yellow

What are sinuses lined with?

Mucous membranes

Osteoblasts perform all of the following functions except which one?

Osteoblasts break down bone when necessary.

All of the following are abnormal curvatures of the spine except which one?

Osteoporosis

What allows the ribs to attach to the thoracic vertebrae?

Costal facets

All of the following are types of ribs except which one?

Costal ribs

Which type of vertebrae has costal facets?

Thoracic

Which bone articulates with the femur at the knee?

Tibia

All of the following bones are flat bones except which one?

Vertebra

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the spinal column?

5

How many cervical vertebrae are in the spinal column?

7

All of the following are functions of the sternum except which one?

A protective plate for the lungs

Which statement about red bone marrow is false?

Red marrow is found in the cavity of long bones.

Which type of synovial joint has concave surfaces of the bones that articulate with one another?

Saddle

What is the most common abnormal curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis

Which of the following lists the number of each type of vertebrae correctly?

Seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, one sacrum, and one coccyx

Tarsal bones are bones of the what?

The ankle and foot

Which of the following describes the periosteum?

The fibrous covering of the diaphysis

Which statement correctly describes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle?

The pectoral girdle bones attach the arm bones to the axial skeleton while the pelvic girdle bones attach the leg bones to the axial skeleton.

What structure protects the pituitary gland?

The sella turcica

Which gland secrets calcitonin?

Thyroid gland

Which function is directly related to the fact that the skeletal system is a mineral reservoir?

Electrolyte balance

Which bones are long bones of the forearm?

Radius and ulna

Which of the following is not a feature of compact bone?

Trabeculae

What is the proximal long bone of the arm?

Humerus

What type of cartilage covers the ends of long bones?

Hyaline cartilage

What type of bone is a vertebra?

Irregular bone

Which term describes an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebrae?

Lordosis

Which statement is false regarding the hyoid bone?

The hyoid bone is attached to the mandible.

Starting at the superior end of the spinal column, name the type of vertebrae in order.

Cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Which two bones connect the arm to the axial skeleton?

Clavicle and scapula

What type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral disks?

Fibrocartilage

What is the name of the large opening in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to exit the cranial cavity?

Foramen magnum

Which of the following bones are located in the hand?

Metacarpals

Which type of joint has a joint cavity?

Synovial joint

All of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton except which one?

Bones of the leg

What is a sinus?

Cavities within the bone

What are osteoclasts?

Cells that break down bone

What are osteoblasts?

Cells that build bone

What type of vertebrae are the axis and the atlas?

Cervical

All of the following are functions of the skeletal system except which one?

Communication

What type of bone is dense and highly organized?

Compact bone

What is the relationship between bone deposition and bone reabsorption in people 45 and older?

Deposition < Reabsorption

What type of cartilage is found in the pinna of the ear and in the epiglottis of the throat?

Elastic cartilage

Which statement correctly describes kyphosis?

Exaggerated abnormal curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

What is the proximal long bone of the leg?

Femur

All of the following are functions of the mucous membrane lining of the sinuses except which one?

Fill the sinus with air

Which of the following is not a cranial bone?

Foramen

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Frontal

What is the function of hydroxyapatite in bone?

Harden the matrix.

What must be present for calcium to be absorbed from the small intestine?

Calcitriol

All of the following are functions of parathyroid hormone except which one?

Causes osteoblasts to deposit bone, reducing blood calcium levels

Which of the following is the function of calcitonin?

Causes osteoblasts to deposit bone, reducing blood calcium levels