Anatomy & Physiology Exam #2

In the diagram, which area is composed of areolar connective tissue?

E

In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair?

E

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which area acts similar to stratum basale, with mitotic cells?

E

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

E-- Subcutaneous layer

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

Eccrine sweat gland

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

Epithelium is migrating across wound. =Wrong Picture Shown

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

Which epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Mesenchyme will differentiate into all EXCEPT...

Keratinocytes

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described?

Lanugo

In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found?

Lining of the urinary bladder

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply.

Oil glands Lamellar granules

The _______ component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together?

ground substance

Spongy bone tissue lacks

haversian canals.

Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on

how the gland release its secretory product.

What connective tissue is replaced by bone in the epiphyseal plates?

hyaline cartilage

The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of

fibrocartilage

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

melanin production

Which cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals?

muscle cells and neurons

Support electrical excitable cells found in the nervous system?

neuroglial cells

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?

osteon

Mucous membranes line many passages. Select all that apply.

reproductive Digestive urinary respiratory

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale.

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

stratum granulosum

The __________ is formed from reticular fibers that support soft organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes

stroma

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect

the ability to thermoregulate

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, a hangnail is associated with drying of what area?

B

Anne suffers from Ehlers-Danlos, a rare inherited disorder of connective tissue, specifically affecting collagen fibers. Because many connective tissues contain collagen throughout the body, she has issues with many tissues, joints, and skin. She has thin translucent skin that is stretchy. Scars appear abnormal and bruising and skin tear easily. What connective tissues are being damaged?

-Dense irregular connective tissue -Blood connective tissue -Areolar connective tissue

Which is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found?

-In the articular cartilage of joints -Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin

Electrical signals called _____ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemicals called _____ that are then used to communicate with other cells.

-action potentials -neurotransmitters

Which statements are true?1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum.2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum.4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

1 and 2

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

B

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity

2, 3, 4

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum

4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?

A

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?

A

_______ are abnormal joining of tissues resulting from the formation of scar tissue at a previous site of inflammation or surgical repair.

Adhesions

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built?

C

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

C

___________ muscle pumps blood through the body and ________ is located in the wall of blood vessels ?

Cardiac muscle; smooth muscle

Which epithelial tissue lines most bronchioles and fallopian tubes and moves mucus and oocytes? Select the best answer.

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

Corn

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

D

In the diagram, where does apoptosis occur?

G

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation?

G

Which polysaccharide is commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?

Hyaluronic acid

Which membrane reduces friction between organs?

Serous membrane

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

Stratum basale

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

Which membrane lines freely moveable joints?

Synovial membrane

Vitamin C is needed for healthy collagen fibers. What tissue will not be as affected if vitamin C was absent or present in low amounts?

Transitional tissue

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply.

Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin.

These types of cell junctions anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities.

adheres junctions and desmosomes

An individual that becomes sedentary due to an ACL operation, will experience muscle ______ due to lack of physical activity.

atrophy

"Goose bumps" are caused by

contraction of arrector pili muscles.

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

corn

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

An infant has a genetic disorder that affects the thermogenic gene in brown fat. What may be an outcome of this disorder?

difficulty regulating body temperature

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

eczema

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

In which of these areas do sebaceous glands open directly onto the skin surface? Select all that apply.

lips and tarsal glands or eyelids

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

protein fibers and ground substance.

Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called

stem cells