Anatomy & Physiology Exam Review - Tests 1-15

The vertebral column consists of _____ cervical vertebrae, _____ thoracic vertebrae, and _____ lumbar vertebrae. A. 7, 12, 5 B. 5, 12, 7 C. 12, 7, 5 D. 12, 5, 7

A. 7, 12, 5

A patient has gallstones. He asks you what caused this condition. How do you respond? A. A precipitate of bile has formed stones in his gall bladder. B. His low fiber diet has caused outpocketing in the gall bladder leading to this painful condition. C. He has a cancer of the gall bladder. D. The islets of Langerhans cells of the pancreas have caused the stones.

A. A precipitate of bile has formed stones in his gall bladder.

Mrs. Smith is walking toward you. You are looking at her _______________surface. A. Anterior B. Posterior C. Proximal D. Dorsal

A. Anterior

The skull is found in the ____________________ skeleton. A. Axial B. Anterior C. Auxillary D. Appendicular

A. Axial

The liver makes this detergent-like substance to break down fats in the small intestine for absorption. A. Bile B. Amylase C. Lactase D. Pancreatic juice

A. Bile

Which of these is not one of the four basic types of body tissue? A. Brain Tissue B. Epithelial Tissue C. Connective Tissue D. Muscle Tissue

A. Brain Tissue

You are looking at a slice of bone through a microscope. What tissue type would you be most likely to find? A. Connective B. Nervous C. Muscle D. Epithelial

A. Connective

Which is NOT a type of muscle? A. Hepatic B. Skeletal C. Smooth D. Cardiac

A. Hepatic

If the epiglottis is not functioning correctly, water can reach the ______. A. Lungs B. Appendix C. Liver D. Stomach

A. Lungs

Your patient has been diagnosed as an albino. What is this person missing? A. Melanocytes B. Squamous cells C. Osteocytes D. Glial cells

A. Melanocytes

What is the name of the five bones that make up the palm of the hand? A. Metacarpals B. Carpals C. Phalanges D. Tarsals

A. Metacarpals

The skeletal system provides a place for ____________________ to attach. A. Muscles B. Blood vessels C. Organs D. Nerves

A. Muscles

What type of joint allows rotations of one bone around the surface of another, as is found between C1 and C2? A. Pivot B. Ellipsoidal C. Gliding D. Ball and Socket

A. Pivot

Which type of feedback loop increases the response to the stimulus? A. Positive B. None of these C. Alternating D. Negative

A. Positive

Joe is working on his third set of thirty push-ups. Which best describes the position he is in? A. Prone B. Supine C. Distal D. Strong

A. Prone

You are looking under a microscope at a tissue sample. You note that the tissue is a single layer of elongated cells. What sort of tissue is this? A. Simple columnar B. Transitional C. Stratified cuboidal D. Simple squamous

A. Simple columnar

Homeostasis means A. Stable Internal Condition B. Changing External Condition C. Changing Internal Condition D. Stable External Condition

A. Stable Internal Condition

You are looking under a microscope at a tissue sample. You note that the tissue is stacked layers of squarish cells. What sort of tissue is this? A. Stratified cuboidal B. Pseudostratified columnar C. Simple squamous D. Transitional

A. Stratified cuboidal

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop?' A. Temperature Control B. Emotional Control C. Blood Clot Formation D. Labor & Delivery

A. Temperature Contorl

Which of the following statements regarding aging and the muscular system is true: A. The more sedentary an individual is, the more muscle atrophy occurs. B. Young persons have more adipose in muscles compared to elderly persons C. Satellite cells increase in aging causing fibrosis D. The effects of aging can be nearly completely reversed

A. The more sedentary an individual is, the more muscle atrophy occurs.

Gastroesophageal reflux occurs when the __________ malfunctions. A. cardiac sphincter B. encanthial sphincter C. epiglottis D. pyloric sphincter

A. cardiac sphincter

Curare, a toxin, blocks the acetylcholine receptors on muscle tissue. This would result in: A. inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus B. contraction of the muscle fiber C. increased stimulation of the muscle fiber D. excessive contractions and convulsions

A. inability of the muscle to respond to motor nerve stimulus

Which of the following does NOT occur in a muscle during contraction: A. muscle fiber stretch B. thick and thin filaments "slide" past each other C. thick and thin filaments bind to each other D. muscle fibers shorten

A. muscle fiber stretch

The smallest contractile unit of muscle tissue is a: A. sarcomere B. synapse C. thin filament D. motor unit

A. sarcomere

The ribs attach to which vertebrae? A. thoracic only B. cervical and thoracic C. thoracic and lumbar D. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

A. thoracic only

What is the name of the superficial bone that extends down the front of the lower leg? A. tibia B. patella C. femur D. fibula

A. tibia

How many bones make up the adult human skeleton? A. 254 B. 206 C. 301 D. 153

B. 206

How many quadrants are found in the abdominal area? A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 1

B. 4

The products of digestion are used to build muscle and bone in growing human. What process best describes this? A. Peristalsis B. Anabolism C. Catabolism D. Metabolism

B. Anabolism

The scapula is found in the ____________________ skeleton. A. Auxillary B. Appendicular C. Anterior D. Axial

B. Appendicular

Your patient has basal cell carcinoma. They want to know if they wash their skin really well if that will remove the cancer. You tell them this will not work because ________. A. Basal cells are located deep in the hypodermis near nerve tissue B. Basal cells are at the margin of the epidermis and dermis C. Basal cells are closely associated with hair follicles and only can be removed along with the hair shaft. D. Basal cells are located within dense connective tissue in tendons

B. Basal cells are at the margin of the epidermis and dermis

Which is an example of a positive feedback loop? A. Heat Thermostat B. Blood Clotting C. Fever C. Air Conditioning

B. Blood Clotting

Which system is responsible for sending chemical messages via hormones through the body? A. Respiratory B. Endocrine C. Skeletal D. Muscular

B. Endocrine

Where is cardiac tissue found? A. Blood vessels B. Heart C. Attached to bones D. Lining of the intestines

B. Heart

The large, rectangular bones that form the top and sides of the cranium are the ____________________ bones. A. Sphenoid B. Parietal C. Temporal D. Occipital

B. Parietal

A patient's hand was splashed with hot oil and is in significant pain. When you examine the hand, you see red and white areas of skin with multiple blisters. What is your diagnosis? A. Third degree burn B. Second degree burn C. First degree burn

B. Second degree burn

What type of tissue would you expect to find in the cardiac sphincter? A. Skeletal muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle D. Striated muscle

B. Smooth muscle

Which of these statements is correct? A. The ankle is medial to the foot B. The shoulder is lateral to the neck C. The inside of the thigh is lateral to the outside of the foot D. The knee is lateral to the hip

B. The shoulder is lateral to the neck

Transitional epithelium is able to stretch. Which anatomical structure would be most likely to have transitional epithelium? A. Iris of the eye B. Urinary Bladder C. Intestine D. Heart

B. Urinary Bladder

A motor unit is made up of _______________. A. a fascicle and a nerve B. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates C. all the muscle fibers within a given muscle D. all the neurons going into an individual section of the body

B. a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates

This process aids in skeletal muscle relaxation after contraction: A. troponin binds calcium B. acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine C. calcium is released from intracellular storage sites D. motor neurons send electrical signal to muscle

B. acetylcholinesterease degrades acetylcholine

The stiffness of muscle tissue in rigor mortis partially results from: A. excessive contraction of the fibers B. excessive calcium release in muscle C. excessive lactic acid build up D. excessive acetycholine activity on muscle

B. excessive calcium release in muscle

Vertebrae are ____________________ bones. A. square B. irregular C. short D. flat

B. irregular

The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ____________________. A. blood B. ligaments C. hormones D. tendons

B. ligaments

A patient reports that she has recurring pain in her stomach. She reports that the pain is dull and fairly constant. She states that when she eats, the pain goes away for a short period of time, but returns. What is a possible cause of this pain? A. gastroesophageal reflux B. peptic ulcer C. diverticulitis D. colorectal cancer

B. peptic ulcer

The walls of hollow organs and some blood vessels contain this muscle tissue: A. skeletal B. smooth C. cardiac D. striated

B. smooth

The major regulatory proteins in muscle tissue are: A. actin and troponin B. troponin and tropomyosin C. myosin and tropomyosin D. myosin and actin

B. troponin and tropomyosin

The shoulder joint has the most range of motion of any joint in the body. What is this joint called? A. Hinge B. Saddle C. Ball and Socket D. Gliding

C. Ball and Socket

Your patient has the skin cancer melanoma. You have just told her that lab results show that the cancer has spread to her bones. She says to you, "How can skin cancer affect my bones?" What is your answer? A. In the summer, sunlight is especially bright and the radiation is able to penetrate to the depth of the outer layers of bone. B. Melanoma can grow directly down through your skin and muscles into your bones. C. Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones. D. Cancer cells can travel by the nervous system to your bones.

C. Cancer cells can travel by the lymph system to your bones.

Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow healing because A. Cartilage cells are surrounded by fluids B. The inter-cellular material is semisolid C. Cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies D. Cartilage cells cannot reproduce

C. Cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies

Which of the following shows the correct order of complexity from simplest to most complex? A. Cell - Organ -Tissue - Organism - Organ System B. Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organism - Organ System C. Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

C. Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism

The main purpose of connective tissue is to ________. A. Protect B. Communicate C. Connect D. Insulate

C. Connect

The layer of the epidermis that is constantly flaking off 24 hours a day is the stratum ________. A. Granulosum B. Lucidum C. Corneum D. Basale E. Spinosum

C. Corneum

Which plane cuts the body into front and back parts? A. Sagittal B. Transverse C. Coronal (frontal) D. Temporal

C. Coronal (frontal)

Which medical specialty will focus on treatment of the skin? A. Nephrologist B. Neurologist C. Dermatologist D. Internist

C. Dermatologist

Where are the tarsals found? A. Ankle B. Toes C. Foot D. Phalanges

C. Foot

Elbow flexion and extension occur at which type of joint? A. Ball and Socket B. Saddle C. Hinge D. Gliding

C. Hinge

What is the name of the only freely movable bone in the skull? A. Zygomatic B. Sphenoid C. Mandible D. Maxilla

C. Mandible

The structures called _____ are intracellular areas with specific living functions. A. macromolecules B. organs C. organelles D. inclusions

C. Organelles

Which system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide? A. Digestive B. Muscular C. Respiratory D. Skeletal

C. Respiratory

Which consciously controlled muscle is responsible for movement. A. Smooth B. All of these C. Skeletal D. Cardiac

C. Skeletal

Skin functions to protect the body. What sort of tissue type would you expect to find in the skin? A. Pseudostratified columnar B. Stratified cuboidal C. Stratified squamous D. Simple columnar

C. Stratified squamous

Jillian is the cutest baby, she is lying in her crib looking at the toy that is hanging above her. What position is Jillian lying in? A. Prone B. Flexed C. Supine D. Extended

C. Suspine

Which of the following is an example of an exocrine gland? A. Adrenal gland B. Pituitary gland C. Sweat gland D. Pineal gland

C. Sweat gland

How do ribs #11 and 12 attach to the sternum? A. directly by way of costal tendons B. to each other by costal cartilage and then to the sternum C. They do not attach to the sternum D. directly by way of costal cartilage

C. They do not attach to the sternum

Which of the bones listed is NOT included within the lower limb? A. Fibula B. Tibia C. Ulna D. Femur

C. Ulna

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of the motor neuron: A. physical contact between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber occurs B. calcium is released inside of the muscle fiber C. acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft D. acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft

C. acetylcholinesterease is released into the synaptic cleft

When food is mixed with saliva and moving through the esophagus, it is called a _______. A. stool B. food C. bolus D. chyme

C. bolus

A muscle fascicle is a: A. bundle of connective tissue B. bundle of myofibrils C. bundle of muscle fibers D. muscle cell

C. bundle of muscle fibers

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body? A. tibia B. humerus C. femur D. radius

C. femur

The Latin prefix for "under" is ________. A. epi B. supra C. hypo D. ipsi

C. hypo

Training exercises such as jogging, swimming and aerobics have this effect on skeletal muscle tissue: A. increase number of skeletal muscles B. increase number of muscle fibers C. increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber D. increase number of motor units

C. increase number of mitochondria per muscle fiber

Which two bones are considered to be part of both the pelvis and the vertebral column? A. ilium and ischium B. pubis and ischium C. sacrum and coccyx D. ilium and sacrum

C. sacrum and coccyx

The shoulder girdle is formed by which two bones? A. sternum and clavicle B. ulna and radius C. scapula and clavicle D. humerus and scapula

C. scapula and clavicle

Which of the following is a type of muscle tissue? Abdominal Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

Cardiac Skeletal Smooth

How many bones make up the human foot? A. 14 B. 18 C. 24 D. 26

D. 26

The skull is composed of _____ bones in the cranium and _____ bones in the face. A. 12, 22 B. 6, 12 C. 14, 8 D. 8, 14

D. 8, 14

Which of the following is primarily responsible for breaking down food? A. Bile B. Peristalsis C. Gastric acid D. Enzymes

D. Enzymes

The kidneys function to filter the blood and excrete any unneeded water and minerals. Which tissue type would you expect to find in the kidneys? A. Nervous B. Connective C. Muscular D. Epithelial

D. Epithelial

If a carbohydrate is a great source of energy, which tissue would benefit the most? A. Nervous B. Cartilage C. Bone D. Muscle

D. Muscle

Which system pulls on the bones to create movement? A. Endocrine B. Reproductive C. Lymphatic D. Muscular

D. Muscular

Which plane would cut the body into right and left halves? A. Transverse B. None of these C. Frontal D. Sagittal

D. Sagittal

Which bone consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process? A. Scapula B. Clavicle C. Wrist D. Sternum

D. Sternum

How would you describe the location of your head compared to your feet? A. Lateral B. Internal C. Medial D. Superior

D. Superior

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system? A. Communication B. Secretion C. Nutrition D. Support

D. Support

Which of the following statements is correct? A. The hip is superior to the shoulder B. The ribs are superior to the chin C. The chest is inferior to the stomach D. The neck is superior to the pelvis

D. The neck is superior to the pelvis

As we compare exocrine and endocrine, what is the main difference between the two? A. The presence or absence of simple squamous cells B. The size of the gland determines the type C. Exocrine glands are only found in the digestive tract. D. The presence or absence of ducts

D. The presence or absence of ducts

The cells of squamous epithelium are a single cell thick. This is advantageous to the body because it ________. A. binds cancer cells in a matrix for later disposal B. serves as a barrier to ultraviolet radiation C. increases the strength of muscle contractions D. allows for filtration and diffusion

D. allows for filtration and diffusion

Skeletal muscle is described by all of the following EXCEPT: A. striated B. voluntary C. multinucleate D. autorhythmic

D. autorhythmic

Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft would result in: A. decrease acetylcholine production by the motor neuron B. inability of the motor neuron to stimulate the muscle fiber C. relaxation of the muscle fiber D. excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber

D. excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fiber

Which of the following actions is caused by skeletal muscle? A. dilation of pupil B. heartbeat C. constriction of blood vessels D. eye movements

D. eye movements

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle tissue A. is voluntary B. contains smooth muscle tissue C. is non-striated D. has intercalated discs

D. has intercalated discs

The patella and two small, round bones beneath the great toe are classified as ____________________ bones. A. irregular B. short C. flat D. sesamoid

D. sesamoid

Which of the following is NOT a basic tissue type? A. Connective B. Nervous C. Epithelial D. Muscle E. Diaphysiseal

E. Diaphysiseal

Please select all of the following that are part of the alimentary canal. Esophagus Gall bladder Appendix Jejunum Ileocecal valve Pyloric sphincter Sigmoid colon

Esophagus Jejunum Ileocecal valve Pyloric sphincter Sigmoid colon

Which site or sites are most likely to be locations of metastasis of melanoma? Liver Muscles Brain Lungs

Liver Brain Lungs

Please select all of the following that are risk factors for colorectal cancer. Low fiber diet Employment with a lot of exposure to the sun Sixth decade of life or later Excessive exercise

Low fiber diet Sixth decade of life or later

Please select all of the following factors that contribute to constipation. High salt diet Low fiber diet Dehydration Slow peristalsis

Low fiber diet Dehydration

Which of the following can burn skin? Radiation Hot liquid Chemicals Electricity

Radiation Hot liquid Chemicals Electricity

The human body is covered with hair. What function(s) of the integumentary system does this structure perform? Sensation Metabolic Protection Thermoregulation

Sensation Protection Thermoregulation