Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart

Ejection fraction must be kept between

50-65%

A person has this much time to get medical help when having a heart attack to prevent or lessen heart damage

60-90 minutes

A heart attack generally occurs when this becomes occluded with a blood clot

A coronary artery

The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches

Anterior descending and circumflex

Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valve to the aorta and its branches and is distributed through the body

Aortic

What are the receptor sites for Beta 2

Bronchial smooth muscle, skeletal blood vessel

pressure is determined by multiplied by

Cardiac output; perioheral vascular resistance

All are symptoms of heart attack EXCEPT: a. Chest and arm pain or pressure b. Nausea or vomiting c. Cold, clammy, sweaty skin d. Leg cramps

D. Leg cramps

What is myocardial contractility

How well the heart is pumping

Which side of the heart is a high pressure that pumps arterial blood to the systematic circulation?

Left

Complete occlusion of the ___ coronary artery, aka "widow maker", usually results in sudden death

Left main

Blood flows from the left atrium through the ___ valve into the left ventricle

Mitral

The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the...

Myocardium

The primary neurotransmitters if the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are ____.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Stroke volume is dependent on:

Preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility

The right ventricle expels blood through the ___ valve into the pulmonary trunk

Pulmonic

Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the ___ and the ___ valves open

Pulmonic; aortic

Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?

Right

The ___ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood

Right coronary

What is atherosclerosis?

The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

What is the receptor site for Beta 1?

The heart and kidneys

Name the two semilunar valves

Tricuspid and mitral

Define atrial kick

When the remaining blood is pushed from the atrium to the ventricles

What is the primary neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic division?

acetylcholine

When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve into the _______.

aortic, aorta

The tricuspid valve is located where?

between right atrium and right ventricle

What is stroke volume?

blood ejected with each heartbeat depends on preload, Myocardial Contractility & afterload

What is Chronotropic effect?

change in heart rate

Define diastole and systole

diastole is relaxation, systole is contraction

How many valves does the heart have?

four valves

What is arteriosclerosis

hardening or thickening of the arterial walls

The left atrium receives blood from the

pulmonary veins

surface of the heart consists primarily of the

right ventricle

The receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the ______from the remainder of the body via the ______ and from the heart via the ______

superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus

The apex of the heart is formed by the

tip of the left ventricle

Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle

tricuspid