Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
Ejection fraction must be kept between
50-65%
A person has this much time to get medical help when having a heart attack to prevent or lessen heart damage
60-90 minutes
A heart attack generally occurs when this becomes occluded with a blood clot
A coronary artery
The left main coronary artery divides into the _____ branches
Anterior descending and circumflex
Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valve to the aorta and its branches and is distributed through the body
Aortic
What are the receptor sites for Beta 2
Bronchial smooth muscle, skeletal blood vessel
pressure is determined by multiplied by
Cardiac output; perioheral vascular resistance
All are symptoms of heart attack EXCEPT: a. Chest and arm pain or pressure b. Nausea or vomiting c. Cold, clammy, sweaty skin d. Leg cramps
D. Leg cramps
What is myocardial contractility
How well the heart is pumping
Which side of the heart is a high pressure that pumps arterial blood to the systematic circulation?
Left
Complete occlusion of the ___ coronary artery, aka "widow maker", usually results in sudden death
Left main
Blood flows from the left atrium through the ___ valve into the left ventricle
Mitral
The thick, muscular layer of the heart wall that contains the atrial and ventricular muscle fibers necessary for contraction is the...
Myocardium
The primary neurotransmitters if the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are ____.
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Stroke volume is dependent on:
Preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility
The right ventricle expels blood through the ___ valve into the pulmonary trunk
Pulmonic
Rapid ejection of blood from the ventricular chambers of the heart occurs because the ___ and the ___ valves open
Pulmonic; aortic
Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
Right
The ___ artery supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood
Right coronary
What is atherosclerosis?
The build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.
What is the receptor site for Beta 1?
The heart and kidneys
Name the two semilunar valves
Tricuspid and mitral
Define atrial kick
When the remaining blood is pushed from the atrium to the ventricles
What is the primary neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic division?
acetylcholine
When the left ventricle contracts, freshly oxygenated blood flows through the _____ valve into the _______.
aortic, aorta
The tricuspid valve is located where?
between right atrium and right ventricle
What is stroke volume?
blood ejected with each heartbeat depends on preload, Myocardial Contractility & afterload
What is Chronotropic effect?
change in heart rate
Define diastole and systole
diastole is relaxation, systole is contraction
How many valves does the heart have?
four valves
What is arteriosclerosis
hardening or thickening of the arterial walls
The left atrium receives blood from the
pulmonary veins
surface of the heart consists primarily of the
right ventricle
The receives venous blood from the head, neck, and thorax via the ______from the remainder of the body via the ______ and from the heart via the ______
superior vena cava; inferior vena cava; coronary sinus
The apex of the heart is formed by the
tip of the left ventricle
Blood flows from the right atrium through the _____ valve into the right ventricle
tricuspid
