Anatomy CH 24, 26, 28 Exam

How long will it typically take food to travel the length of the digestive tract?

24- 36 hours

The muscularis of the stomach consists of Blank______ layers.

3

What is peritonitis?

An inflammation of the peritoneal membranes

Digestion

Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts

What are the basic functions of the digestive system?

Defecation Digestion Mastication Absorption Ingestion

Mass Movements.

Forcible movements that move the contents of the large intestines

Identify the structures of the digestive tract that are lined with simple columnar epithelium.

Large intestine Small intestine Stomach

Which of the following is NOT one of the major digestive secretions? Multiple choice question. Digestive enzymes Mucus Water Serous fluid

Serous fluid

What is the alkaline tide?

The elevated pH in veins carrying blood away from the stomach after a meal.

Describe the membranes that line the abdominal cavity.

These are serous membranes that secrete a serous lubricating fluid.

What are interstitial cells of the myenteric plexus?

They are cells that promote the rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract.

Liquefies food

Water

The two major divisions of the digestive system include the _______ and the __________.

digestive tract and accessory organs

True or false: The only glands associated with the digestive tract are unicellular mucous glands in the mucosa and multicellular glands of the mucosa and submucosa.

false

The proton pump of the stomach exchanges

hydrogen and potassium ions

The tunic of the digestive tract that forms its lining is the

mucosa

Segmental contractions are mixing contractions that occur predominately in the...

small intestine

Absorption

Movement of molecules from the digestive tract into the circulation or lymphatic system

The function of intrinsic factor is to

aid in the absorption of vitamin B12

Break down large food molecules into smaller food molecules to promote absorption

enzymes

Gastric glands are found in

gastric pits

The process of chewing is called ____.

mastication

Large food particles are physically broken down into smaller food particles by

mechanical digestion

In some parts of the digestive tract, the serosa is also the

visceral peritoneum

Salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth; they are ______ of the digestive system.

accessory organs

Secretion

Process by which substances are added to the digestive tract to lubricate, liquefy, buffer and digest the food

Ingestion

The intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

These are serous membranes that secrete a serous lubricating fluid.

The stomach has 3 layers of muscle in the muscularis and the majority of the digestive tract only has 2 layers of muscle.

deglutition

swallowing

Identify the steps in the production of hydrochloric acid by the stomach from beginning to secretion into the stomach.

1. CO2 diffuses into the parietal cell. 2. CO2 combines with H2O to form H2CO3 3. H2CO3 disociates into HCO-3 and H+ 4. HCO-3 is exchanged for Cl- with the blood stream 5. H+ pumped into the duct of the gastric gland 6. diffusion of cl- into duct of gastric gland

Identify the secretions of the stomach.

Gastrin Intrinsic factor Mucus Pepsinogen Hydrochloric acid

Mastication ______ total surface area of food for digestion. Multiple choice question. increases decreases

increases

What are the accessory organs?

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

True or False: Throughout the digestive tract, the muscularis consists of 2 layers of muscles, except the stomach, which has 3 layers.

true

Name the major types of glands associated with the digestive tract.

Accessory glands outside the digestive tract Unicellular mucous glands Multicellular glands in the mucosa and submucosa

Place the events of the gastric phase of gastric regulation in order, beginning with the activation of the gastric phase.

Distension of the stomach stimulates stretch receptors. Activation of central nervous system. Secretion of gastrin. Gastric secretions.

Identify the functions of the stomach. Select all that apply.

Mixing chamber Storage chamber

Identify the structures of the digestive tract that are lined with stratified squamous epithelium.

Mouth Esophagus Oropharynx Anal canal

Deglutition

Moves a mass of food or liquid from the oral cavity to the esophagus

Lubricates food and protects lining of the digestive tract

Mucus

Peristalsis

Muscular contractions consisting of a wave of relaxation of circular muscles followed by a wave of contraction of circular muscles

Segmental contractions

Muscular contractions that move food back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions

Which plexus is more extensive and controls motility of the digestive tract?

Myenteric plexus

Elimination

Process by which waste products are removed from the body

Identify the hormones that decrease gastric secretions and gastric motility.

Secretin Cholecystokinin

Which of the following movements of the digestive tract will help to propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other? a- Peristalsis b- Segmental contractions c- Mass movements d- Deglutition

a-Peristalsis c-Mass movements d- Deglutition

The largest part of the stomach is the

body

The taste, smell, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions by activating the Blank______ phase of gastric regulation.

cephalic

The semi-fluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called

chyme

Which is not an organ of the gastrointestinal tract? Multiple choice question. a- Esophagus b-Oral cavity c-Pharynx d- Liver

d- Liver

what is e

fundus

Name the cells in the myenteric plexus that serve as pacemakers.

interstitial cells

Parietal cells of the stomach secrete

intrinsic factor hydrochloric acid

Digestion is the breakdown of large organic molecules into component parts that can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are digested into______ , proteins into_________, and triglycerides into _______ and ________

monosacchide amino acid fatty acids and glycerol

The regions of the digestive tract from beginning to end include ...

mouth> pharynx> esophagus> stomach> small intestine> large intestine> large intestine> anus

Identify the layers of the mucosa from inside to outside.

mucous epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosa

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce Blank______ and chief cells of the stomach produce Blank______. Multiple choice question. mucus, intrinsic factor mucus, hydrochloric acid intrinsic factor, pepsinogen mucus, pepsinogen hydrochloric acid, mucus

mucus, pepsinogen

List the tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outside.

muscosa> submucosa> muscularis> serosa

The epithelium that lines the esophagus is

nonkeratinized

The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the Blank______ peritoneum.

parietal

Which of the following functions to mix food with digestive secretions? Deglutition Peristalsis and rhythmic contractions Mass movements Segmental contractions

segmental contraction

The primary functions of the stomach are Blank______. Multiple choice question. formation of chyme and absorption digestion and absorption formation of chyme and digestion store and mix chyme

store and mix chyme

The layer of the digestive tract that consists of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, small glands, and a network of nerve cells is the...

submucosa

The submucosal plexus is located within the Blank______ and the myenteric plexus is located within the Blank______ of the digestive tract. Multiple choice question.

submucosa, muscularis

The network of nerve cells in the submucosa that regulates intestinal secretions is called the

submucosal plexus

The low pH of the the stomach is due to

the action of the proton pump